231 research outputs found
Exact time-localized solutions in Vacuum String Field Theory
We address the problem of finding star algebra projectors that exhibit
localized time profiles. We use the double Wick rotation method, starting from
an Euclidean (unconventional) lump solution, which is characterized by the
Neumann matrix being the conventional one for the continuous spectrum, while
the inverse of the conventional one for the discrete spectrum. This is still a
solution of the projector equation and we show that, after inverse
Wick-rotation, its time profile has the desired localized time dependence. We
study it in detail in the low energy regime (field theory limit) and in the
extreme high energy regime (tensionless limit) and show its similarities with
the rolling tachyon solution.Comment: 27 pages, 2 figures. v2: typos corrected, ref added, comment added in
last section, to appear on NP
Bubbling AdS and Vacuum String Field Theory
We show that a family of 1/2--BPS states of SYM is in correspondence
with a family of classical solutions of VSFT with a --field playing the role
of the inverse Planck constant. We show this correspondence by relating the
Wigner distributions of the fermion systems representing such states, to
low energy space profiles of systems of VSFT D-branes. In this context the
Pauli exclusion principle appears as a consequence of the VSFT projector
equation. The family of 1/2--BPS states maps through coarse--graining to
droplet LLM supergravity solutions. We discuss the possible meaning of the
corresponding coarse graining in the VSFT side.Comment: 23 pages, subsection 4.1 added, Appendix suppressed. to be published
in NP
Scaling in Numerical Simulations of Domain Walls
We study the evolution of domain wall networks appearing after phase
transitions in the early Universe. They exhibit interesting dynamical scaling
behaviour which is not yet well understood, and are also simple models for the
more phenomenologically acceptable string networks. We have run numerical
simulations in two- and three-dimensional lattices of sizes up to 4096^3. The
theoretically predicted scaling solution for the wall area density A ~ 1/t is
supported by the simulation results, while no evidence of a logarithmic
correction reported in previous studies could be found. The energy loss
mechanism appears to be direct radiation, rather than the formation and
collapse of closed loops or spheres. We discuss the implications for the
evolution of string networks.Comment: 7pp RevTeX, 9 eps files (including six 220kB ones
Oxygen Moment Formation and Canting in Li2CuO2
The possibilities of oxygen moment formation and canting in the quasi-1D
cuprate Li2CuO2 are investigated using single crystal neutron diffraction at 2
K. The observed magnetic intensities could not be explained without the
inclusion of a large ordered oxygen moment of 0.11(1) Bohr magnetons.
Least-squares refinement of the magnetic structure of Li2CuO2 in combination
with a spin-density Patterson analysis shows that the magnetization densities
of the Cu and O atoms are highly aspherical, forming quasi-1D ribbons of
localised Cu and O moments. Magnetic structure refinements and low-field
magnetization measurements both suggest that the magnetic structure of Li2CuO2
at 2 K may be canted. A possible model for the canted configuration is
proposed.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures (screen resolution
A skeleton approximate solution of the Einstein field equations for multiple black-hole systems
An approximate analytical and non-linear solution of the Einstein field
equations is derived for a system of multiple non-rotating black holes. The
associated space-time has the same asymptotic structure as the Brill-Lindquist
initial data solution for multiple black holes. The system admits an
Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM) Hamiltonian that can particularly evolve the
Brill-Lindquist solution over finite time intervals. The gravitational field of
this model may properly be referred to as a skeleton approximate solution of
the Einstein field equations. The approximation is based on a conformally flat
truncation, which excludes gravitational radiation, as well as a removal of
some additional gravitational field energy. After these two simplifications,
only source terms proportional to Dirac delta distributions remain in the
constraint equations. The skeleton Hamiltonian is exact in the test-body limit,
it leads to the Einsteinian dynamics up to the first post-Newtonian
approximation, and in the time-symmetric limit it gives the energy of the
Brill-Lindquist solution exactly. The skeleton model for binary systems may be
regarded as a kind of analytical counterpart to the numerical treatment of
orbiting Misner-Lindquist binary black holes proposed by Gourgoulhon,
Grandclement, and Bonazzola, even if they actually treat the corotating case.
Along circular orbits, the two-black-hole skeleton solution is quasi-stationary
and it fulfills the important property of equality of Komar and ADM masses.
Explicit calculations for the determination of the last stable circular orbit
of the binary system are performed up to the tenth post-Newtonian order within
the skeleton model.Comment: 15 pages, 1 figure, submitted to Phys. Rev. D, 3 references added,
minor correction
Partially conserved axial current constraints on pion production/absorption within nonrelativistic dynamics
We show the necessity of two-nucleon axial currents and associated pion
emission/ absorption operators for the partial conservation of the axial
current (PCAC) nuclear matrix elements with arbitrary nuclear dynamics
described by a nonrelativistic Schroedinger equation. As examples we construct
such nonrelativistic axial two-body currents in the linear- and heterotic (g_A
= 1.26) sigma models, with an optional isoscalar vector (omega) meson exchange.
The nuclear matrix elements obey PCAC only if the nuclear wave functions used
in the calculation are solutions to the Schroedinger equation with the static
one-meson-exchange potential constructed in the respective (sigma) model. The
same holds true for the nucler pion production amplitude, since it is
proportional to the divergence of the axial current matrix element, by virtue
of PCAC. Thus we found a new consistency condition between the pion
creation/absorption operator and the nuclear Hamiltonian. We present examples
drawn from our models and discuss implications for one-pion-two-nucleon
processes.Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
QCD ghost f(T)-gravity model
Within the framework of modified teleparallel gravity, we reconstruct a f(T)
model corresponding to the QCD ghost dark energy scenario. For a spatially flat
FRW universe containing only the pressureless matter, we obtain the time
evolution of the torsion scalar T (or the Hubble parameter). Then, we calculate
the effective torsion equation of state parameter of the QCD ghost f(T)-gravity
model as well as the deceleration parameter of the universe. Furthermore, we
fit the model parameters by using the latest observational data including
SNeIa, CMB and BAO data. We also check the viability of our model using a
cosmographic analysis approach. Moreover, we investigate the validity of the
generalized second law (GSL) of gravitational thermodynamics for our model.
Finally, we point out the growth rate of matter density perturbation. We
conclude that in QCD ghost f(T)-gravity model, the universe begins a matter
dominated phase and approaches a de Sitter regime at late times, as expected.
Also this model is consistent with current data, passes the cosmographic test,
satisfies the GSL and fits the data of the growth factor well as the LCDM
model.Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables. arXiv admin note: substantial text
overlap with arXiv:1111.726
Gravitational Lensing at Millimeter Wavelengths
With today's millimeter and submillimeter instruments observers use
gravitational lensing mostly as a tool to boost the sensitivity when observing
distant objects. This is evident through the dominance of gravitationally
lensed objects among those detected in CO rotational lines at z>1. It is also
evident in the use of lensing magnification by galaxy clusters in order to
reach faint submm/mm continuum sources. There are, however, a few cases where
millimeter lines have been directly involved in understanding lensing
configurations. Future mm/submm instruments, such as the ALMA interferometer,
will have both the sensitivity and the angular resolution to allow detailed
observations of gravitational lenses. The almost constant sensitivity to dust
emission over the redshift range z=1-10 means that the likelihood for strong
lensing of dust continuum sources is much higher than for optically selected
sources. A large number of new strong lenses are therefore likely to be
discovered with ALMA, allowing a direct assessment of cosmological parameters
through lens statistics. Combined with an angular resolution <0.1", ALMA will
also be efficient for probing the gravitational potential of galaxy clusters,
where we will be able to study both the sources and the lenses themselves, free
of obscuration and extinction corrections, derive rotation curves for the
lenses, their orientation and, thus, greatly constrain lens models.Comment: 69 pages, Review on quasar lensing. Part of a LNP Topical Volume on
"Dark matter and gravitational lensing", eds. F. Courbin, D. Minniti. To be
published by Springer-Verlag 2002. Paper with full resolution figures can be
found at ftp://oden.oso.chalmers.se/pub/tommy/mmviews.ps.g
Ricci curvature of finite Markov chains via convexity of the entropy
We study a new notion of Ricci curvature that applies to Markov chains on
discrete spaces. This notion relies on geodesic convexity of the entropy and is
analogous to the one introduced by Lott, Sturm, and Villani for geodesic
measure spaces. In order to apply to the discrete setting, the role of the
Wasserstein metric is taken over by a different metric, having the property
that continuous time Markov chains are gradient flows of the entropy.
Using this notion of Ricci curvature we prove discrete analogues of
fundamental results by Bakry--Emery and Otto--Villani. Furthermore we show that
Ricci curvature bounds are preserved under tensorisation. As a special case we
obtain the sharp Ricci curvature lower bound for the discrete hypercube.Comment: 39 pages, to appear in Arch. Ration. Mech. Ana
Level Set Method for the Evolution of Defect and Brane Networks
A theory for studying the dynamic scaling properties of branes and
relativistic topological defect networks is presented. The theory, based on a
relativistic version of the level set method, well-known in other contexts,
possesses self-similar ``scaling'' solutions, for which one can calculate many
quantities of interest. Here, the length and area densities of cosmic strings
and domain walls are calculated in Minkowski space, and radiation, matter, and
curvature-dominated FRW cosmologies with 2 and 3 space dimensions. The scaling
exponents agree the naive ones based on dimensional analysis, except for cosmic
strings in 3-dimensional Minkowski space, which are predicted to have a
logarithmic correction to the naive scaling form. The scaling amplitudes of the
length and area densities are a factor of approximately 2 lower than results
from numerical simulations of classical field theories. An expression for the
length density of strings in the condensed matter literature is corrected.Comment: 46pp LaTeX, revtex4(preprint), 1 eps figure, revised for publication.
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