Malaria vectors in the Brazilian Amazon: Anopheles of the subgenus Nyssorhynchus

Various species of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) were studied in the Amazon with the objective of determining their importance as malaria vectors. Of the 33 known Anopheles species occurring in the Amazon, only 9 were found to be infected with Plasmodium. The different species of this subgenus varied both in diversity and density in the collection areas. The populations showed a tendency towards lower density and diversity in virgin forest than in areas modified by human intervention. The principal vector, An. darlingi, is anthropophilic with a continuous activity cycle lasting the entire night but peaking at sunset and sunrise. These species (Nyssorhynchus) are peridomiciliary, entering houses to feed on blood and immediately leaving to settle on nearby vegetation. Anopheles nuneztovari proved to be zoophilic, crepuscular and peridomiciliary. These habits may change depending on a series of external factors, especially those related to human activity. There is a possibility that sibling species exist in the study area and they are being studied with reference to An. darlingi. An. albitarsis and An. nuneztovari. The present results do not suggest the existence of subpopulations of An. darlingi in the Brazilian Amazon

Determining Consumer Requirements for Lamb Loin Chops - a Preliminary Study

There is little published information about what influences individual lamb consumers in Australia, and the factors uppermost in their mind as they make their purchases. Gross consumption and price relationships are available from statistical studies, whilst taste panel responses relating to organoleptic properties are limited to material from technical experiments. It is contended that the gross approach to identifying consumer habits masks the individual needs of consumers. Furthermore, it is suggested that consumers have specific requirements for lamb cuts and joints, but these are compromised at the shop-counter by other factors such as price and the price of alternatives. A survey was conducted amongst 479 people to identify whether people were as discerning as the hypothesis suggested. A Chi-square analysis showed (P < .005) that most consumers required 3 mm fat cover over the eye muscle of lamb loin chops, and that an eye muscle area of about 17.5 cm2 was favoured. It was concluded that consumers appeared to have specific requirements which were masked by current marketing arrangements. This suggested that detailed study of domestic consumer behaviour and habits was warranted

Determining Consumer Requirements for Lamb Loin Chops - a Preliminary Study

There is little published information about what influences individual lamb consumers in Australia, and the factors uppermost in their mind as they make their purchases. Gross consumption and price relationships are available from statistical studies, whilst taste panel responses relating to organoleptic properties are limited to material from technical experiments. It is contended that the gross approach to identifying consumer habits masks the individual needs of consumers. Furthermore, it is suggested that consumers have specific requirements for lamb cuts and joints, but these are compromised at the shop-counter by other factors such as price and the price of alternatives. A survey was conducted amongst 479 people to identify whether people were as discerning as the hypothesis suggested. A Chi-square analysis showed (P < .005) that most consumers required 3 mm fat cover over the eye muscle of lamb loin chops, and that an eye muscle area of about 17.5 cm2 was favoured. It was concluded that consumers appeared to have specific requirements which were masked by current marketing arrangements. This suggested that detailed study of domestic consumer behaviour and habits was warranted.Consumer/Household Economics,

DTorial: An interactive tutorial framework for blind users in a Web 2.0 world

Effective tutorial systems can help promote products by reducing barriers of learning new applications. With dynamic web applications becoming as complex as desktop programs, there is a growing need for online tutorial/help systems. For visually impaired users the key limitations of traditional help systems are 1) poor access to help content with assistive technology, and 2) frequent reliance on videos/images to identify parts of web applications and demonstrate functionality. In this paper, we present a new interaction model, targeted towards screen-reader users, that describes how to embed an interactive tutorial within a web application. The interaction model is demonstrated within a system called DTorial, a fully functional dynamic audiobased tutorial with embedded content. While remaining within the web application, users can rapidly access any tutorial content, injected inline near relevant application controls, allowing them to quickly apply what they just heard to the application itself, without ever losing their position or having to shift windows. The model and implementation are grounded in sighted user help-systems literature and an analysis of screen-reader and Web-Application interactions. Lessons learned from the incremental design and evaluations indicate that providing visually impaired users with dynamic, embedded, interactive audio-based tutorial systems can reduce the barriers to new Web- Applications

Effects of timing of artificial insemination and treatment of semen with a Slo3 potassium channel blocker on fertility of dairy heifers subjected to the 5-day CIDR-Synch protocol

International audienc

Encoding Nondeterministic Finite-State Tree Automata in Sigmoid Recursive Neural Networks

Recently, a number of authors have explored the use of recursive recursive neural nets (RNN) for the adaptive processing of trees or tree-like structures. One of the most important language-theoretical formalizations of the processing of tree-structured data is that of finite-state tree automata (FSTA). In many cases, the number of states of a nondeterministic FSTA (NFSTA) recognizing a tree language may be smaller than that of the corresponding deterministic FSTA (DFSTA) (for example, the language of binary trees in which the label of the leftmost k-th order grandchild of the root node is the same as that on the leftmost leaf). This paper describes a scheme that directly encodes NFSTA in sigmoid RNN