Not Available

Not AvailableThe feeding value of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) detoxified Karanj cake (DMC-KC) was tested at graded levels (3, 4.5 and 6%) against corresponding levels of untreated solvent extracted karanj cake (KC) and a control in broiler chicken. A total of 315 day-old male broiler chickens divided into 7 experimental groups having 9 replicates of 5 chickens each were fed diets from day one to 6 weeks of age. Feeding of KC depressed body weight significantly (P<0.01) from the lowest level tested (3% onwards) and DMC treatment improved the body weight significantly (P<0.01) at 3% level of KC, which was similar to that of control. However, no such effect was recorded at higher levels of 4.5 and 6% DMC-KC. The feed intake was significantly (P<0.01) low in all the test groups, except with 3% DMC-KC in comparison to control. The liver weight increased at 4.5 and 6% levels of KC whereas such a response was observed only at the highest level of 6% DMC-KC. The gizzard weight increased at the highest level of 6% KC and the weight of giblets was higher at 3 and 4.5% of KC, though it was similar up to 4.5% of DMC-KC. Serum cholesterol content decreased and alkaline phosphatase activity increased with KC or DMC-KC feeding. The results indicated a significant improvement in the nutritional value of karanj cake with DMC treatment which could be safely added up to 3% in the diet of broiler chickens.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableThe effect of dietary inclusion of solvent extracted pongamia cake (SPC) and iso propyl alcohol (IPA) treated SPC supplemented with protease (4000 U kg-1), phytase (400 U kg-1) and liver tonic (1 g kg-1) using 360 day old commercial broiler chicks. At 60 g kg-1 level, growth depression and poor FCR caused by the experimental diets could not be alleviated by enzymes/liver tonic supplementation. Dietary inclusion of SPC increased percent giblet weight. Pancreas, abdominal fat, HI titres to SRBC, CMI response to PHA-P and relative weight of spleen were similar in all the dietary groups. However, bursa weight was (p<0.05) higher in SPC supplementation with phytase (400 U kg-1) than control. The serum protein levels (p<0.05) increased in IPA treated SPC at 60 g kg-1 at 3rd week of age. The serum cholesterol level was significantly (p<0.05) higher in SPC incorporated diet with supplementation with liver tonic. The pongamia cake did not influence the activity of alkaline phosphatase. The histological changes suggested that pongamia cake leads to hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in broilers. It can be concluded that, supplementation of enzymes/liver tonic cannot alleviate the toxic effects of SPC or IPA treated pongamia cake at 60 g kg-1 level in the diet. Effect of Enzymes and Liver Tonic Supplementation on Performance of Broiler Chicken Fed Processed Pongamia (Pongamia glabra vent) Cake | Request PDF. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283201642_Effect_of_Enzymes_and_Liver_Tonic_Supplementation_on_Performance_of_Broiler_Chicken_Fed_Processed_Pongamia_Pongamia_glabra_vent_Cake [accessed Nov 06 2018].Not Availabl

Esterification of free fatty acids present in Jatropha oil: A kinetic study

Methanesulfonic acid has been used as a catalyst for the esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) present in jatropha oil with methanol. The reaction kinetics are estimated for 1 to 2.5 wt% catalyst concentrations, temperature from 45-60°C and methanol-FFA mole ratios ranging from 10:1 to 25:1. The optimum conditions are found to be 20:1 methanol-FFA mole ratio and 1 wt% catalyst at 60°C and 400 rpm for 270 min which give a maximum conversion of 97.9%. A second-order kinetic model for both the forward and backward reactions is proposed to study the reaction. The effect of temperature on the reaction rate constants and equilibrium constant has been determined using Arrhenius and von’t Hoff equations respectively. The heat of reaction is found to be 25.936 kcal/mol

Not Available

Not AvailableThe genus Chlorella is a widely employed microalga for biodiesel, as it can be grown using photo/mixo/heterotrophic mode of cultivation. The present investigation was undertaken with the hypothesis that addition of different substrates (amino acids, carbon sources, vitamins) along with reducing agents may aid in diverting Acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA or fatty acid biosynthesis, under mixotrophic conditions in Chlorella sorokiniana. Preliminary investigations undertaken with two reducing agents individually (sodium thiosulphate and methyl viologen) along with selected substrates revealed the promise of sodium thiosulphate (1%) in enhancing lipid accumulation significantly. Further, the role of inclusion of twelve substrates and sodium thiosulphate revealed that supplementation with tryptophan (0.1%) recorded 57.28% enhancement in lipid productivity on 4th day. Highest values of lipid productivity of 33% were recorded on 8th day in 0.1% glucose supplemented medium containing sodium thiosulphate. Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) profiles generated revealed significant reduction in the content of Poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and enhanced Mono unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (especially oleic acid) in the treatments involving tryptophan, Vitamin B12, sodium pyruvate and glucose. This study reveals the promise of using sodium thiosulphate along with selected substrate for enriching the quality and quantity of lipids, which can be valuable for exploiting algae as a source of biodiesel.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableThe possibility of using lysolecithin from rice bran oil (LL) as a lipotropic agent was explored in the diet of broiler chickens. The LL was evaluated at 0.1 and 0.5 % levels in diet vis-à-vis choline chloride, betaine or a commercial LL (0.1 % of any) in broiler chickens (n=270) from 0 to 35 d of age. The diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Body weight at 35 d was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the group fed betaine, while LL showed no effect on growth, feed consumption, serum cholesterol concentration, slaughter variables and liver protein, and fat contents in comparison to control. The serum concentration of triglycerides at 35 d of age, however decreased significantly (P<0.01) with betaine, commercial LL and rice bran oil LL at both the levels. It is concluded that rice bran oil LL at dietary levels upto 0.5% showed no adverse effect on performance and reduced serum triglycerides content in broiler chickens, while betaine improved body weight.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableThe possibility of using lysolecithin from rice bran oil (LL) in the diet of broiler chickens was explored. Lysolecithin was included in diet at graded levels (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 % in diet) and fed to a total of 640 broiler chickens from 0 to 35 d of age. The diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Body weight was higher in the group fed the highest level (3.2 %) of LL. Feed intake was significantly (p 1.6 % the LL improved the body weight, feed conversion efficiency and fat digestibility in broiler chickens.Not Availabl