Energy loss in perturbative QCD

We review the properties of energetic parton propagation in hot or cold QCD matter, as obtained in recent works. Advances in understanding the energy loss - collisional and radiative - are summarized, with emphasis on the latter: it features very interesting properties which may help to detect the quark-gluon plasma produced in heavy ion collisions. We describe two different theoretical approaches, which lead to the same radiated gluon energy spectrum. The case of a longitudinally expanding QCD plasma is investigated. The energy lost by a jet with given opening angle is calculated in view of making predictions for the suppression (quenching) of hard jet production. Phenomenological implications for the difference between hot and cold matter are discussed. Numerical estimates of the loss suggest that it may be significantly enhanced in hot compared to cold matter.Comment: 49 pages latex file with 11 embedded PS figures. Uses ar.sty (included), one equation revised. submitted to Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Scienc

Factors associated with postharvest ripening heterogeneity of "Hass" avocados (Persea americana Mill)

Indexación: Web of ScienceIntroduction. 'Hass' is the main avocado cultivar commercialized worldwide. The extended flowering period, very low percentage of fruit set and inability to ripen on the tree renders the fruit heterogeneous and unpredictable during postharvest management. The "triggered" and "ready-to-eat" growing markets for 'Hass' avocados are affected by the variable postharvest ripening or ripening heterogeneity which creates severe logistical problems for marketers and inconsistent quality delivery to consumers. Synthesis. The dry matter content, the current avocado harvest index that correlates very well with oil content, has been extensively used to harvest 'Hass' avocados to comply with the minimum standards to guarantee consumer satisfaction. However, previous work and empirical experience demonstrate that dry matter does not correlate on a fruit-to-fruit basis with time to reach edible ripeness. Thus, avocados of very different ages are harvested from individual trees, resulting in heterogeneous postharvest ripening of fruit within a specific batch. Several preharvest factors related to environmental and growing conditions and crop management as well as postharvest technology strategies influence the observed variability of postharvest ripening. Conclusion. Modern approaches based on studying the composition of individual fruits displaying contrasting postharvest ripening behavior, combined with non-destructive phenotyping techniques, seem to offer practical solutions for the fresh supply chain of avocados to sort fruit based on their ripening capacity.http://www.pubhort.org/fruits/2016/5/fruits160045.ht

RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENGUKUR TINGKAT POLUSI UDARA BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER AT89S51 MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR TGS 2600

Measurement of air polution system using the AT89S51 microcontroller and a gas sensor TGS 2600 was valued.The system are devided into hardware and software. An hardware consist of microcontroler AT89S51 and TGS 2600 sensor layout, ADC 0804 and an LCD as interface. The microcontroller software on the system was made using assembly progamable language. The system run by sensor if it detect carbon monoxide trough sensor. And then the voltage output was converted by ADC 0804 for being processed by microcontroller and then presented to LCD to make easily measurement.This system was realized and able to presented the indeks numbering on the LCD so that the amount of pollution under specific place could be known

Qualitative and quantitative estimates for minimal hypersurfaces with bounded index and area

We prove qualitative estimates on the total curvature of closed minimal hypersurfaces in closed Riemannian manifolds in terms of their index and area, restricting to the case where the hypersurface has dimension less than seven. In particular, we prove that if we are given a sequence of closed minimal hypersurfaces of bounded area and index, the total curvature along the sequence is quantised in terms of the total curvature of some limit hypersurface, plus a sum of total curvatures of complete properly embedded minimal hypersurfaces in Euclidean space - all of which are finite. Thus, we obtain qualitative control on the topology of minimal hypersurfaces in terms of index and area as a corollary

On p_T-broadening of high energy partons associated with the LPM effect in a finite-volume QCD medium

We study the contributions from radiation to $p_{\perp}$-broadening of a high energy parton traversing a QCD medium with a finite length $L$. The interaction between the parton and the medium is described by decorrelated static multiple scattering. Amplitudes of medium-induced gluon emission and parton self-energy diagrams are evaluated in the soft gluon limit in the BDMPS formalism. We find both the double-logarithmic correction from incoherent scattering, which is parametrically the same as that in single scattering, and the logarithmic correction from the LPM effect. Therefore, we expect a parametrically large correction from radiation to the medium-induced $p_\perp$-broadening in perturbative QCD.Comment: 19 pages, focusing only on calculations about the medium-induced diagrams, origin for double-log reinterpreted, final version to appear in JHE

APLIKASI PENENTUAN WARNA TANAH MELALUI PENGOLAHAN CITRA DIGITAL

Tanah bertalian erat dengan lingkungan yang dapat dicermati dari kuatnya keterlibatan tanah dalam pengaliran energi dan pandauran bahan yang berlangsung di permukaan daratan bumi. Tanah dapat terlibat secara sendirian selaku ekosistem atau sistem energi dan dapat terlibat secara bekerja sama dengan subsistem lahan lain yang berasosiasi dengan tanah, terutama biosfer. Sistem ini dapat menjelaskan tentang warna tanah yang mudah dimengerti bagi pengguna aplikasi secara efektif, tanpa harus bertanya langsung ataupun mendatangkan pakar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penghitungan ED (Euclidean Distance) dapat digunakan untuk mengukur kemiripan (matching) sebuah obyek dengan obyek yang lain. Begitupun pengolahan citra digital yang mempermudahkan pengguna aplikasi tanpa harus membawa sampel dan cukup dengan hanya mencitrakannya saja

Quantifying Bar Strength: Morphology Meets Methodology

A set of objective bar-classification methods have been applied to the Ohio State Bright Spiral Galaxy Survey (Eskridge et al. 2002). Bivariate comparisons between methods show that all methods agree in a statistical sense. Thus the distribution of bar strengths in a sample of galaxies can be robustly determined. There are very substantial outliers in all bivariate comparisons. Examination of the outliers reveals that the scatter in the bivariate comparisons correlates with galaxy morphology. Thus multiple measures of bar strength provide a means of studying the range of physical properties of galaxy bars in an objective statistical sense.Comment: LaTeX with Kluwer style file, 5 pages with 3 embedded figures. edited by Block, D.L., Freeman, K.C., Puerari, I., & Groess,

Expandohedra: Modeling Structural Transitions of a Viral Capsid

Inspired by natural phenomena and mathematical theory this paper presents the development of a model, based on the dodecahedron, that visualizes the structural transition and expansion of a capsid (viral protein shell)

Biomass smoke exposure enhances rhinovirus-induced inflammation in primary lung fibroblasts

© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Biomass smoke is one of the majorair pollutants and contributors of household air pollution worldwide. More than 3 billion people use biomass fuels for cooking and heating, while other sources of exposure are from the occurrence of bushfires and occupational conditions. Persistent biomass smoke exposure has been associated with acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) as a major environmental risk factor. Children under the age of five years are the most susceptible in developing severe ALRI, which accounts for 940,000 deaths globally. Around 90% of cases are attributed to viral infections, such as influenza, adenovirus, and rhinovirus. Although several epidemiological studies have generated substantial evidence of the association of biomass smoke and respiratory infections, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Using an in vitro model, primary human lung fibroblasts were stimulated with biomass smoke extract (BME), specifically investigating hardwood and softwood types, and human rhinovirus-16 for 24 h. Production of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as IL-6 and IL-8, were measured via ELISA. Firstly, we found that hardwood and softwood smoke extract (1%) up-regulate IL-6 and IL-8 release (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, human rhinovirus-16 further increased biomass smoke-induced IL-8 in fibroblasts, in comparison to the two stimulatory agents alone. We also investigated the effect of biomass smoke on viral susceptibility by measuring viral load, and found no significant changes between BME exposed and non-exposed infected fibroblasts. Activated signaling pathways for IL-6 and IL-8 production by BME stimulation were examined using signaling pathway inhibitors. p38 MAPK inhibitor SB239063 significantly attenuated IL-6 and IL-8 release the most (p ≤ 0.05). This study demonstrated that biomass smoke can modulate rhinovirus-induced inflammation during infection, which can alter the severity of the disease. The mechanism by which biomass smoke exposure increases inflammation in the lungs can be targeted and inhibited via p38 MAP kinase pathway

Nested Polytopes with Non-crystallographic Symmetry Induced by Projection

Inspired by the structures of viruses and fullerenes in biology and chemistry, we have recently developed a method to construct nested polyhedra and, more generally, nested polytopes in multi-dimensional geometry with non-crystallographic symmetry. In this paper we review these results, presenting them from a geometrical point of view. Examples and applications in science and design are discussed