Karakter Rumah Produktif Dari Keturunan Etnis Cina di Pekalongan, Jawa Tengah

ndonesia is an archipelago rich of natutural resources and cultures. The resources are of interest to foreign traders, suchh as the Chinese, Europeans, and Arabics who made Indonesia as the trading ddestination. In addition to trading activities carried out by these merchants; they aalso socialized and lived for some time in Indonesia before going back to their resespective countries. That activities continued with the inter-ethnic marriages betweenn these migrants and the indigenous people, which made Indonesia as a melting-poot of ethnic Chinese, Arabic, and European descents. A good example of this is PePekalongan, a city in the North Coast of Java which has a port as good destination f ofor trading purposes since the 13 th century. Settlement areas formed in Pekalonganan are divided into areas according to ethnic inhabitants, which are known as the ChChinatown (Sampangan) and Kampung Arab (Sugihwaras). Pekalongan is also kno wown as the place of qualified and superior batik production. Batik productions ara ere part of community efforts to fullfil their financial needs which can be done in ththeir houses. Therefore, the households can be functioned as a place for living as wwell as a place for earning. The kind of this double-function house is called a prodo ductive house. This is a qualitative study in nature in which data gathered byy visual observations, visual recordings, interviews, as well as literature study. TThe result shows that the productive houses have depicted the character of ethnic c Chinese descentdents. It ishoped that the findings can be used as a reference in a analyzing the similar phenomenon

Finance and Demand for Skill: Evidence from Uganda

We explore the empirical interaction between firm growth, financing constraints, and job creation. Using a novel small-business survey from Uganda, we find that the extent to which small businesses expand skilled employment as their sales and profits increase is significantly related to access to external funding, while the hiring of casual and family workers is not. The results are robust to the inclusion of various firm level controls, region and sector fixed effects. We support our findings by providing empirical evidence on the relationship between planned hiring and firms’ access to finance

ENVIRONMENTAL ADAPTATION: THE ARCHITECTURE OF RUMAH KAPITAN AND MUSI RIVERSIDE

Palembang’s Chinese community began inhabiting Kampung Kapitan 7 Ulu following the issuance of a mandate by Sultan Abdurrahman, granting the Chinese the privilege to inhabit the dry lands by the Musi River. Following the migration to the dry lands, the Chinese community implemented different forms of adaptation to the natural and socio-cultural environment to survive on the Musi Riverside, including in the form of residential architectures. This research is a case study, aiming to explore, examine and discuss the process of environmental adaptation and the different aspects that affect the residential architectures on the Musi Riverside. Analysis is done on the architecture of Rumah Kapitan, studying from the morphological and typological point of view, consisting of its positioning and orientation against the Musi River, spatial order, architectural form, and tectonics system, all of which are the manifestation of adaptation to the natural and socio-cultural environment of the Musi Riverside.  Keywords: adaptation; Musi riverside environment; Rumah Kapitan.

E-Payment Technology and Business Finance:A Randomized Controlled Trial with Mobile Money (revision of CentER DP 2019-032)

We conducted a randomized controlled trial with small and medium-sized enterprises in Kenya to estimate the causal impact of an e-payment technology on business finance. Using an encouragement design, we exogenously increased e-payment usage among a random subset of firms by relaxing adoption transaction costs and information barriers. Sixteen months after the intervention, we find that the e-payment technology increased access to mobile loans (in number of loans, as well as in the amount borrowed) by at least 50% (0.17 sd), likely due to the reduction of information asymmetries brought by an increase in digital transactions. We find no effect of the e-payment technology on sales and profits, but we do find a reduction of sales volatility and precautionary investment, especially for smaller firms. This suggests that mobile loans help smaller firms cope with short-term negative shocks. We provide a stylized model of business finance that rationalizes these findings

Transparency and Financial Inclusion:Experimental Evidence from Mobile Money (revision of CentER DP 2018-042)

Electronic payment instruments have the potential to spur the transparency of business transactions and thereby reduce information frictions. We design a field experiment to understand whether e-payments facilitate the financial inclusion of SMEs in developing world and to study adoption barriers. We encourage a random sample of Kenyan merchants to adopt a new mobile-money payment instrument and find that the decision to adopt is hampered by the combination of information, know-how and seemingly small transaction costs barriers. In addition, we nd that business owners who are more averse to transparency are more reluctant to adopt. Sixteen months after the intervention, we observe that treated firms have better access to finance in the form of mobile loans. The impact on financial access is more pronounced for smaller establishments, which also experience a considerable reduction in sales volatility. We conclude that e-payments can help un-collateralized firms become transparent and get financially integrated

Payment Technology Adoption by SMEs:Experimental Evidence from Kenya's Mobile Money

This paper reports the results from a field experiment conducted in Kenya to investigate the adoption determinants of a profitable financial technology by small and medium sized enterprizes (SMEs). We offered a randomly selected sample of restaurants and pharmacies the possibility to sign up, on their behalf, for a novel mobile-money technology called Lipa Na M-Pesa, which allows an efficient mobile-money based transaction between a business and a customer. A key feature of Lipa Na M-Pesa is that it is profitable, it does not involve any risk, and it has no registration fee. Our intervention eliminates the transaction costs associated with the adoption of the technology. We find that over a 60% of the restaurants owners/managers decided to sign up for this new technology, while the adoption rates turned out to be about 20% among pharmacies. The high take-up rate in restaurants shows that the small barriers that we released were preventing the adoption of this technology. We use our detailed survey to shed light on the reasons for not adopting the technology and we find that neither risk, time preferences or trust are important predictors. We hypothesise that status quo bias may be a plausible internal barrier underlying these decisions

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene (IL-1RN) polymorphism is a predictive factor of clinical pregnancy after IVF

BACKGROUND Only 25% of IVF transfer cycles lead to a clinical pregnancy, calling for continued technical progress but also more in depth analysis of patients' individual characteristics. The interleukin-1 (IL-1) system and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are strongly implicated in embryo implantation. The genes coding for IL-1Ra (gene symbol IL-1RN), IL-1β, MMP2 and MMP9 bear functional polymorphisms. We analysed the maternal genetic profile at these polymorphic sites in IVF patients, to determine possible correlations with IVF outcome. METHODS One hundred and sixty women undergoing an IVF cycle were enrolled and a buccal smear was obtained. The presence of IL-1RN variable number of tandem repeats and IL-1B + 3953, MMP2-1306 and MMP9-1562 single nucleotide substitutions were determined. Patients were divided into pregnancy failures (119), biochemical pregnancies (8) and clinical pregnancies (33). RESULTS There was a 40% decrease in IL-1RN*2 allele frequency (P = 0.024) and a 45% decrease in IL-1RN*2 carrier status in the clinical pregnancy group as compared to the pregnancy failure group (P = 0.017). This decrease was still statistically significant after a multivariate logistic regression analysis. The likelihood of a clinical pregnancy was decreased accordingly in IL-1RN*2 carriers: odds ratio = 0.349, 95% confidence interval = 0.2-0.8, P = 0.017. The IL-1B, MMP2 and MMP9 polymorphisms showed no correlation with IVF outcome. CONCLUSIONS IL-1RN*2 allele carriage is associated with a poor prognosis of achieving a pregnancy after IV

FOOD SAFETY AND PROCESS HYGIENE CRITERIONS ON SHEEP CARCASSES

The hygienic status and the presence of some pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes e Salmonella spp.) at slaughterhouses was evaluated in different matrix of sheep and lambs (carcass surface, faeces, fleeces and mesenteric lymph nodes) according to the Com. Reg. (EC) No 2073/2005. The 48% of sheep and 68.9% of lamb sampled carcasses resulted allocated into the marginal category for Aerobic colony count, while the 28% and 42.2% respectively were allocated into unacceptable category for Enterobacteriaceae. S.aureus was isolated more frequently in fleeces (11.5%), carcasses (12.6%) of lambs than sheep. L. monocytogenes was found in fleeces and carcass of two sheep and in faeces of four lambs, while Salmonella spp. was detected only in sheep carcasses of a single plant