Genetic Variation in 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Predicts Adrenal Hyperandrogenism among Lean Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

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Transverse prostate maximum sectional area can predict clinically significant prostate cancer in PI-RADS 3 lesions at multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging

BackgroundTo evaluate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) parameters, such as TransPA (transverse prostate maximum sectional area), TransCGA (transverse central gland sectional area), TransPZA (transverse peripheral zone sectional area), and TransPAI (TransPZA/TransCGA ratio) in predicting prostate cancer (PCa) in prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) 3 lesions. MethodsSensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and the best cut-off, were calculated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to evaluate the capability to predict PCa. ResultsOut of 120 PI-RADS 3 lesions, 54 (45.0%) were PCa with 34 (28.3%) csPCas. Median TransPA, TransCGA, TransPZA and TransPAI were 15.4cm(2), 9.1cm(2), 5.5cm(2) and 0.57, respectively. At multivariate analysis, location in the transition zone (OR=7.92, 95% CI: 2.70-23.29, P<0.001) and TransPA (OR=0.83, 95% CI: 0.76-0.92, P<0.001) were independent predictors of PCa. The TransPA (OR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.082-0.99, P=0.022) was an independent predictor of csPCa. The best cut-off of TransPA for csPCa was 18 (Sensitivity 88.2%, Specificity 37.2%, PPV 35.7%, NPV 88.9%). The discrimination (AUC) of the multivariate model was 0.627 (95% CI: 0.519-0.734, P<0.031). ConclusionsIn PI-RADS 3 lesions, the TransPA could be useful in selecting patients requiring biopsy

Raccomandazioni per l\u2019esecuzione della Curva Standard da Carico Orale di Glucosio (OGTT) per la diagnosi di Diabete Mellito

The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) is a fractional method which measures the body's ability to metabolize glucose. Despite its large-scale use, the OGTT is still not appropriately performed in most of the Italian laboratories, as proven by our previous recent survey. In particular, we have provided evidence for the variability for execution of the OGTT in Italian laboratories indicating a poor tendency to standardise the procedures and the methodologies. These findings have been a stimulus to promote an effective Nationwide educational campaign, in order to standardise the procedures for the diagnosis of altered glucose metabolism and diabetes. The present document reports therefore the recommendations concerning the OGTT performed for the classification of diabetes. These recommendations do not apply to the execution of the OGTT during pregnancy for diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus

At the bottom of the differential diagnosis list: unusual causes of pediatric hypertension

Hypertension affects 1–5% of children and adolescents, and the incidence has been increasing in association with obesity. However, secondary causes of hypertension such as renal parenchymal diseases, congenital abnormalities and renovascular disorders still remain the leading cause of pediatric hypertension, particularly in children under 12 years old. Other less common causes of hypertension in children and adolescents, including immobilization, burns, illicit and prescription drugs, dietary supplements, genetic disorders, and tumors will be addressed in this review

Методология синтеза архитектуры программно-технического комплекса автоматизированной системы мониторинга обстановки

Предложен подход к проектированию архитектуры программно-технического комплекса автоматизированной системы мониторинга обстановки в реальном времени, основанный на классификации решаемых функциональных задач на основе методов кластерного анализа и выбранного множества признаков подобия. Разработанный подход позволяет из множества функций системы выделить подобные (по определенным признакам) и объединить их в архитектурные компоненты (унифицированные функциональные модули).Запропоновано підхід до проектування архітектури центру обробки інформації автоматизованої системи моніторингу середовища в реальному часі, що заснований на класифікації функціональних задач на підставі методів кластерного аналізу і обраної множини ознак схожості. Розроблений підхід дозволяє вибрати із множини функцій системи схожі (за певними ознаками) і поєднати їх в архітектурні компоненти (уніфіковані функціональні модулі).The approach to designing architecture of the information processing complex of the automated real time conditions monitoring system based on classification of functional tasks on the basis of methods of cluster analysis and the chosen set of similarity attributes is offered. The developed approach allows to allocate from a set of functions the systems similar (on certain attributes) and to unite them in architectural components (unified functional modules)

Aquaporins: relevance to cerebrospinal fluid physiology and therapeutic potential in hydrocephalus

The discovery of a family of membrane water channel proteins called aquaporins, and the finding that aquaporin 1 was located in the choroid plexus, has prompted interest in the role of aquaporins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production and consequently hydrocephalus. While the role of aquaporin 1 in choroidal CSF production has been demonstrated, the relevance of aquaporin 1 to the pathophysiology of hydrocephalus remains debated. This has been further hampered by the lack of a non-toxic specific pharmacological blocking agent for aquaporin 1. In recent times aquaporin 4, the most abundant aquaporin within the brain itself, which has also been shown to have a role in brain water physiology and relevance to brain oedema in trauma and tumours, has become an alternative focus of attention for hydrocephalus research. This review summarises current knowledge and concepts in relation to aquaporins, specifically aquaporin 1 and 4, and hydrocephalus. It also examines the relevance of aquaporins as potential therapeutic targets in hydrocephalus and other CSF circulation disorders

L’altra vita di Marco Forcellini: dalla Venezia dei dogi al legame con i conti di Collalto

L’attenzione sino ad ora riservata all’erudizione letteraria ha forse posto in ombra le profonde competenze che Marco Forcellini seppe acquisire nello studio del diritto, conoscenze che egli poté mettere in pratica a partire dal 1753, allorché venne chiamato in qualità di vicario e luogotenente generale alla corte della famiglia Collalto. Raggiunse l’apice della sua carriera giuridica negli anni seguenti, quando la Repubblica di Venezia ebbe modo di apprezzare le sue doti e capacità professionali inviandolo, quale responsabile e consultore giuridico, in varie città della terraferma poste sotto il suo dominio