Addition of Ba (Oh)2 To A Closed White Water System as a Means of Controlling Acidity and Sulfate Ion Build Up

In an effort to reduce the intake of fresh water into a mill a greater quantity of white water must be recycled to meet the demands of production. Unless some action is taken, continued reuse of the water produces a badly deteriorated paper-making system. It is believed that the buildup of free acid and sulfate ions from the addition of paper-maker\u27s alum causes the degradation. A bench trial using a Noble and Wood hand-sheet maker capable of recirculating white water was used to duplicate such a deteriorated system and then to restore it with the introduction of Ba(OH)2. The hydroxides would neutralize the acidity while the barium would precipitate the sulfate, giving a fine white pigment: a filler formed in situ. An offset furnish consisting of equal amounts of bleached hardwood and bleached softwood kraft was prepared for use. Pexol was added at the rate of 1% based on O.D. fiber content and alum was added at the rate of 2%. Deionized water was used-in the beater and as make up water in the sheet mold. No other water was added to the closed system. 5% Ba(OH)2 was introduced into the system following its deterioration. White water tests showed immediate reduction in the total acidity and sulfate ion concentration. Handsheet tests revealed improvements in opacity, brightness and sizing with only moderate decrease in tensile despite the increased ash content. A slurry solids check indicated virtually a complete precipitation of all barium added. Retention of BaSO4 averaged about 88%. The theoretical feasibility of such a reaction is now a reality. Results were favorable but the economics involved were not. So, other less costly and less efficient means of controlling the paper-making system will be utilized for now

Investigation of the D and E regions of the ionosphere

Details of an experimental program that investigates the ionosphere using sounding rockets are presented. The investigation is part of a continuing program to gather data on the D and E regions of the ionosphere during periods of recurring natural phenomena that influence these regions. To achieve these ends, four vehicles were launched during the eclipse of the sun on March 7, 1970. Other vehicles totalling 10 in all were launched to investigate transient phenomena such as the sporadic E layer

Proceedings of the 1968 Summer Institute on Symbolic Mathematical Computation

Investigating symbolic mathematical computation using PL/1 FORMAC batch system and Scope FORMAC interactive syste

Parametric frequency mixing in the magneto-elastically driven FMR-oscillator

We demonstrate the nonlinear frequency conversion of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) frequency by optically excited elastic waves in a thin metallic film on dielectric substrates. Time-resolved probing of the magnetization directly witnesses magneto-elastically driven second harmonic generation, sum- and difference frequency mixing from two distinct frequencies, as well as parametric downconversion of each individual drive frequency. Starting from the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations, we derive an analytical equation of an elastically driven nonlinear parametric oscillator and show that frequency mixing is dominated by the parametric modulation of FMR frequency

Structural and Magnetic Characterization of Large Area, Free-Standing Thin Films of Magnetic Ion Intercalated Dichalcogenides Mn0.25TaS2 and Fe0.25TaS2

Free-standing thin films of magnetic ion intercalated transition metal dichalcogenides are produced using ultramicrotoming techniques. Films of thicknesses ranging from 30nm to 250nm were achieved and characterized using transmission electron diffraction and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. Diffraction measurements visualize the long range crystallographic ordering of the intercalated ions, while the dichroism measurements directly assess the orbital contributions to the total magnetic moment. We thus verify the unquenched orbital moment in Fe0.25TaS2 and measure the fully quenched orbital contribution in Mn0.25TaS2. Such films can be used in a wide variety of ultrafast X-ray and electron techniques that benefit from transmission geometries, and allow measurements of ultrafast structural, electronic, and magnetization dynamics in space and time