Elaboración de Ensilaje de Maíz Forrajero (Zea Mays) y Residuos de Banano Verde (Musa Paradisiaca) para Ovinos Tropicales

Background: Forage corn and green banana residue are potential options in silage production, the study was carried out to evaluate the chemical composition of forage corn silage and green banana rejection in different proportions in a base diet. Objective: To meet the objective, microsilos containing the evaluated treatments were prepared: Methods: T1: 50% forage corn, 0% banana rejection; T2 45% forage corn, 5% banana rejection; T3: 40% forage corn, 10% banana rejection; T4: 35% forage corn, 15% banana rejection; T5: 30% forage corn, 20% banana rejection, in all treatments 27% dust, 20% soybean paste and 3% mineral salt were added, completing the base diet at 100%. The variables were evaluated: dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), inorganic matter (IM), crude fiber (FB), crude fat (GB), gross energy (EB), crude protein (CP), fiber fractions : neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). A completely randomized design (DCA) was used. The evaluated variables were subjected to the analysis of variance and the Tukey test at 5% probability. Results: T4 and T5 reported significant values ​​in DM while MI and PB demonstrated similar values ​​in their treatments, however, T1 obtained the highest PB content (18.62%). The BE of the base diet did not present differences. The fiber fractions do not influence the composition of NDF and ADF in the analyzes carried out.Antecedentes: El maíz forrajero y el residuo de banano verde son opciones potenciales en la producción de ensilaje, el estudio se realizó para evaluar la composición química de ensilaje de maíz forrajero y rechazo de banano verde en diferentes proporciones en una dieta base. Objetivo: Para cumplir con el objetivo, se prepararon microsilos que contenían los tratamientos evaluados: Métodos: T1: 50% maíz forrajero, 0% rechazo de banano; T2 45% maíz forrajero, 5% rechazo de banano; T3: 40% maíz forrajero, 10% rechazo de banano; T4: 35% maíz forrajero, 15% rechazo de banano; T5: 30% maíz forrajero, 20% rechazo de banano, en todos los tratamientos se agregaron polvillo 27%, pasta de soya 20% y sal mineral 3% completando la dieta base al 100%. Se evaluaron las variables: materia seca (MS), materia orgánica (MO), materia inorgánica (MI), fibra bruta (FB), grasa bruta (GB), energía bruta (EB), proteína bruta (PB), fracciones de fibra: fibra detergente neutra (FDN) y fibra detergente ácida (FDA). Se empleó un diseño completamente al azar (DCA). Las variables evaluadas fueron sometidas al análisis de varianza y a la prueba de Tukey al 5% de probabilidad. Resultados: El T4 y T5 reportaron valores significativos en MS mientras que la MI y la PB demostraron valores similares en sus tratamientos, sin embargo, el T1 obtuvo el mayor contenido de PB (18,62%). La EB de la dieta base no presentó diferencias. Las fracciones de fibra no influyen en la composición de FDN y FDA en los análisis realizados

Mechanisms of coronavirus pathogenicity and virus-host interactions

Trabajo presentado en la Conference on the Cooperation and Collaboration on Prevention and Control of Animal Diseases, celebrada en Hangzhou (China), del 21 al 23 de mayo de 2019Coronaviruses (CoVs) are important human and animal pathogens mainly causing respiratory and enteric infections with diverse severity. The presence of CoVs in bats, as animal reservoirs, and their ability for interspecies transmission have recently led to the emergence of novel CoVs responsible for epidemics in humans and livestock. In order to develop protection strategies against CoV infections, our laboratory is interested in the identification of (i) Viral factors involved in virulence and (ii) Host signaling pathways contributing to pathogenesis, using human coronaviruses SARS- and MERS-CoVs as model systems

Challenge 5: Impact of global change on managed ecosystems

Topic Coordinators: María Begoña García ( IPE, CSIC ); Pedro Jordano ( EBD, CSIC )Peer reviewe

A truncating variant of RAD51B associated with primary ovarian insufficiency provides insights into its meiotic and somatic functions

Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) causes female infertility by abolishing normal ovarian function. Although its genetic etiology has been extensively investigated, most POI cases remain unexplained. Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified a homozygous variant in RAD51B –(c.92delT) in two sisters with POI. In vitro studies revealed that this variant leads to translation reinitiation at methionine 64. Here, we show that this is a pathogenic hypomorphic variant in a mouse model. Rad51bc.92delT/c.92delT mice exhibited meiotic DNA repair defects due to RAD51 and HSF2BP/BMRE1 accumulation in the chromosome axes leading to a reduction in the number of crossovers. Interestingly, the interaction of RAD51B-c.92delT with RAD51C and with its newly identified interactors RAD51 and HELQ was abrogated or diminished. Repair of mitomycin-C-induced chromosomal aberrations was impaired in RAD51B/Rad51b-c.92delT human and mouse somatic cells in vitro and in explanted mouse bone marrow cells. Accordingly, Rad51b-c.92delT variant reduced replication fork progression of patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines and pluripotent reprogramming efficiency of primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Finally, Rad51bc.92delT/c.92delT mice displayed increased incidence of pituitary gland hyperplasia. These results provide new mechanistic insights into the role of RAD51B not only in meiosis but in the maintenance of somatic genome stability.This work was supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Grant 2014/14231-0 (to MMF); FAPESP Grant 2013/02162-8, Nucleo de Estudos e Terapia Celular e Molecular (NETCEM), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Grant 303002/2016- 6 (to BBM); and FAPESP Grant 2014/50137-5 (to SELA). This work was supported by MINECO (PID2020-120326RB-I00) and by Junta de Castilla y León (CSI239P18 and CSI148P20). NFM, FSS, and MRMH are supported by European Social Fund/JCyLe grants (EDU/310/2015, EDU/556/2019 and EDU/1992/2020). YBC and RSU are funded by a grant from MINECO (BS-2015–073993 and BFU2017-89408-R). Experiments performed at CNIO were supported by grant PID2019-106707-RB to JM, co-sponsored by EU ERDF funds. SM was supported by an international postdoctoral contract “CNIO Friends”. The proteomic analysis was performed in the Proteomics Facility of Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Salamanca, Grant PRB3(IPT17/0019 -ISCIII-SGEFI/ERDF). CIC-IBMCC is supported by the Programa de Apoyo a Planes Estratégicos de Investigación de Estructuras de Investigación de Excelencia cofunded by the Castilla–León autonomous government and the European Regional Development Fund (CLC–2017–01). Veitia’s Lab is supported by the University of Paris and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

A combined micro-Raman, X-ray absorption and magnetic study to follow the glycerol-assisted growth of epsilon-iron oxide sol-gel coatings

[EN] Epsilon iron oxide (ε-FeO) coatings on Si(100) substrates are obtained by an easy one-pot sol-gel recipe assisted by glycerol in an acid medium. Glycerol, given its small dimensions, enables the formation of ε-FeO nanoparticles with a size of a few nanometers and the highest purity is reached in coatings after a densification treatment at 960 °C. The structural and compositional evolution up to 1200 °C is studied by confocal Raman microscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques, correlating the existing magnetic properties. We report a novel characterization method, which allows monitoring the evolution of the precursor micelles as well as the intermediate and final phases formed. Furthermore, the inherent industrial technology transfer of the sol-gel process is also demonstrated with the ε-FeO polymorph, impelling its application in the coatings form.This work has been supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCINN, Spain) through the projects PIE: 2021-60-E-030, PIE: 2010-6-OE-013, PID2019-104717RB-I00 (2020–2022), MAT2017-86540-C4-1-R, RTI2018-095856-B-C21 (2019–2021), RTI2018-097895-B-C43 and RTI2018-095303-A-C52. The authors are grateful to The ESRF (France), MCINN and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC, Spain) for the provision of synchrotron radiation facilities and to the BM25-SpLine Staff for their valuable help. A.S.and A.M.-N acknowledge financial support from Comunidad de Madrid (Spain) for an “Atracción de Talento Investigador” Contract 2017-t2/IND5395 and 2018-T1/IND-10360, respectivel

Evaluación actual y propuestas para el desarrollo urbano en México

La revista Problemas del Desarrollo recoge en su colección de ediciones especiales las disertaciones y ponencias que se presentan en los seminarios, simposia y conferencias a que convoca y realiza anualmente el Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. El propósito es contribuir a la mayor difusión de textos de contenido analítico, descriptivo y propositivo que se presentan en tales actos y que tienen gran valor para el mejor conocimiento y comprensión de la estructura y problemática económica y social de nuestro país. Pero también la revista quiere convertirse en foro abierto para la expresión de comentarios y ampliaciones que deseen hacer los lectores de estas ediciones especiales sobre temas particulares de los comprendidos en cada uno de sus libros. Estos aportes, por lo tanto, serán muy bien recibidos. Para ello, solo se requiere que los lectores los remitan, por escrito, al Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas, Torre II de Humanidades, Ciudad Universitaria

Cyclopia: An epidemiologic study in a large dataset from the International Clearinghouse of Birth Defects Surveillance and Research

Cyclopia is characterized by the presence of a single eye, with varying degrees of doubling of the intrinsic ocular structures, located in the middle of the face. It is the severest facial expression of the holoprosencephaly (HPE) spectrum. This study describes the prevalence, associated malformations, and maternal characteristics among cases with cyclopia. Data originated in 20 Clearinghouse (ICBDSR) affiliated birth defect surveillance systems, reported according to a single pre-established protocol. A total of 257 infants with cyclopia were identified. Overall prevalence was 1 in 100,000 births (95%CI: 0.89-1.14), with only one program being out of range. Across sites, there was no correlation between cyclopia prevalence and number of births (r=0.08; P=0.75) or proportion of elective termination of pregnancy (r=-0.01; P=0.97). The higher prevalence of cyclopia among older mothers (older than 34) was not statistically significant. The majority of cases were liveborn (122/200; 61%) and females predominated (male/total: 42%). A substantial proportion of cyclopias (31%) were caused by chromosomal anomalies, mainly trisomy 13. Another 31% of the cases of cyclopias were associated with defects not typically related to HPE, with more hydrocephalus, heterotaxia defects, neural tube defects, and preaxial reduction defects than the chromosomal group, suggesting the presence of ciliopathies or other unrecognized syndromes. Cyclopia is a very rare defect without much variability in prevalence by geographic location. The heterogeneous etiology with a high prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities, and female predominance in HPE, were confirmed, but no effect of increased maternal age or association with twinning was observed.Fil: Orioli, Ieda Maria. Instituto de Biologia; Brasil. Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional; BrasilFil: Amar, Emmanuelle. Rhone-alps Registry Of Birth Defects Remera; FranciaFil: Bakker, Marian K.. University of Groningen; Países BajosFil: Bermejo Sánchez, Eva. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Brasil. Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Raras; BrasilFil: Bianchi, Fabrizio. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; ItaliaFil: Canfield, Mark A.. Texas Department Of State Health Services; Estados UnidosFil: Clementi, Maurizio. Università di Padova; ItaliaFil: Correa, Adolfo. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; BrasilFil: Csáky Szunyogh, Melinda. National Center for Healthcare Audit and Inspection; HungríaFil: Feldkamp, Marcia L.. Utah Department Of Health; Estados Unidos. University Of Utah Health Sciences; Estados UnidosFil: Landau, Danielle. Soroka University Medical Center; IsraelFil: Leoncini, Emanuele. Centre Of The International Clearinghouse For Birth Defects Surveillance And Research; ItaliaFil: Li, Zhu. Peking University Health Science Center; ChinaFil: Lowry, R. Brian. Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System; CanadáFil: Mastroiacovo, Pierpaolo. Centre Of The International Clearinghouse For Birth Defects Surveillance And Research; ItaliaFil: Morgan, Margery. the Congenital Anomaly Register for Wales; Reino UnidoFil: Mutchinick, Osvaldo M.. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Rissmann, Anke. Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg; AlemaniaFil: Ritvanen, Annukka. National Institute For Health And Welfare; FinlandiaFil: Scarano, Gioacchino. General Hospital G. Rummo Benevento; ItaliaFil: Szabova, Elena. Slovak Medical University; EslovaquiaFil: Castilla, Eduardo Enrique. Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional; Brasil. Centro de Educación Medica E Invest.clinicas; Argentina. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; Brasil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Variable Pathogenicity Determines Individual Lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans

A common property of aging in all animals is that chronologically and genetically identical individuals age at different rates. To unveil mechanisms that influence aging variability, we identified markers of remaining lifespan for Caenorhabditis elegans. In transgenic lines, we expressed fluorescent reporter constructs from promoters of C. elegans genes whose expression change with age. The expression levels of aging markers in individual worms from a young synchronous population correlated with their remaining lifespan. We identified eight aging markers, with the superoxide dismutase gene sod-3 expression being the best single predictor of remaining lifespan. Correlation with remaining lifespan became stronger if expression from two aging markers was monitored simultaneously, accounting for up to 49% of the variation in individual lifespan. Visualizing the physiological age of chronologically-identical individuals allowed us to show that a major source of lifespan variability is different pathogenicity from individual to individual and that the mechanism involves variable activation of the insulin-signaling pathway

Environmental and Climatic Determinants of Molecular Diversity and Genetic Population Structure in a Coenagrionid Damselfly

Identifying environmental factors that structure intraspecific genetic diversity is of interest for both habitat preservation and biodiversity conservation. Recent advances in statistical and geographical genetics make it possible to investigate how environmental factors affect geographic organisation and population structure of molecular genetic diversity within species. Here we present a study on a common and wide ranging insect, the blue tailed damselfly Ischnuraelegans, which has been the target of many ecological and evolutionary studies. We addressed the following questions: (i) Is the population structure affected by longitudinal or latitudinal gradients?; (ii) Do geographic boundaries limit gene flow?; (iii) Does geographic distance affect connectivity and is there a signature of past bottlenecks?; (iv) Is there evidence of a recent range expansion and (vi) what is the effect of geography and climatic factors on population structure? We found low to moderate genetic sub-structuring between populations (mean FST = 0.06, Dest = 0.12), and an effect of longitude, but not latitude, on genetic diversity. No significant effects of geographic boundaries (e.g. water bodies) were found. FST-and Dest-values increased with geographic distance; however, there was no evidence for recent bottlenecks. Finally, we did not detect any molecular signatures of range expansions or an effect of geographic suitability, although local precipitation had a strong effect on genetic differentiation. The population structure of this small insect has probably been shaped by ecological factors that are correlated with longitudinal gradients, geographic distances, and local precipitation. The relatively weak global population structure and high degree of genetic variation within populations suggest that I. elegans has high dispersal ability, which is consistent with this species being an effective and early coloniser of new habitats