Assumptions about Consumption in the Archaeology of Late Nineteenth-Century Farmsteads

Farming is typically associated with rural environments. The Dubois Site in Albany, New York, however, presented an opportunity to look at a farmstead close to a growing urban center during the second half of the 19th century. The excavations of the Dubois Site are discussed and the results are compared to the more rural Porter Site, a contemporary 19th-century farmstead. The comparison examines how the different contexts might have impacted consumption and production at the two farms, as well as the treatment of the farmstead landscapes. The two New York sites are then contrasted with four contemporary farm sites in southeastern Vermont. The results indicate that some farmers, although rural, were fully immersed in the late 19th-century market in terms of consumption and production. In contrast, data from the Vermont sites indicate that some farmers remained tied to local markets and did not participate in the wider national market

Engineering Functional Quantum Algorithms

Suppose that a quantum circuit with K elementary gates is known for a unitary matrix U, and assume that U^m is a scalar matrix for some positive integer m. We show that a function of U can be realized on a quantum computer with at most O(mK+m^2log m) elementary gates. The functions of U are realized by a generic quantum circuit, which has a particularly simple structure. Among other results, we obtain efficient circuits for the fractional Fourier transform.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Algebra Structures on Hom(C,L)

We consider the space of linear maps from a coassociative coalgebra C into a Lie algebra L. Unless C has a cocommutative coproduct, the usual symmetry properties of the induced bracket on Hom(C,L) fail to hold. We define the concept of twisted domain (TD) algebras in order to recover the symmetries and also construct a modified Chevalley-Eilenberg complex in order to define the cohomology of such algebras

Cyclical tests of selected space shuttle TPS metallic materials in a plasma arc tunnel Volume 1: Description of tests and program summary

Work, concerned with cyclical thermal evaluation of selected space shuttle thermal protection system (TPS) metallic materials in a hypervelocity oxidizing atmosphere that approximated an actual entry environment, is presented. A total of 325 sample test hours were conducted on 21 super-alloy metallic samples at temperatures from 1800 to 2200 F (1256 to 1478 K) without any failures. The 4 x 4 in. (10.2 x 10.2 cm) samples were fabricated from five nickel base alloys and one cobalt base alloy. Eighteen of the samples were cycled 100 times each and the other three samples 50 times each in a test stream emanating from an 8 in. (20.3 cm) diam exit, Mach 4.6, conical nozzle. The test cycle consisted of a 10 min heat pulse to a controlled temperature followed by a 10 min cooldown period. The TD-NiCrAl and TD-NiAlY materials showed the least change in weight, thickness, and physical appearance even though they were subjected to the highest temperature environment

Cyclical Tests of Selected Space Shuttle TPS Metallic Materials in a Plasma Arc Tunnel. Volume 2: Appendices - Data Tabulation

Calibration data are presented for heat flux and pressure profiles, model temperature histories, and model weight and thickness changes

Mitochondria and nuclei move by different mechanisms in Aspergillus nidulans

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from "http://jcb.rupress.org".We have examined the effects of the antimicrotubule agent benomyl and several mutations on nuclear and mitochondrial movement in germlings of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. While, as previously reported, benomyl inhibited nuclear division and movement, it did not inhibit mitochondrial movement. To test the effects of benomyl more rigorously, we germinated two benomyl super-sensitive, beta-tubulin mutants at a benomyl concentration 50-100 times greater than that required to inhibit colony formation completely. Again nuclear division and movement were inhibited, but mitochondrial movement was not. We also examined conditionally lethal beta-tubulin mutations that disrupt microtubule function under restrictive conditions. Nuclear division and movement were inhibited but, again, mitochondrial movement was not. Finally we examined the effects of five heat-sensitive mutations that inhibit nuclear movement but not nuclear division at restrictive temperatures. These mutations strongly inhibited nuclear movement at a restrictive temperature but did not inhibit mitochondrial movement. These data demonstrate that the mechanisms of nuclear and mitochondrial movement in Aspergillus nidulans are not identical and suggest that mitochondrial movement does not require functional microtubules

Coordination chemistry in molecular symmetry adapted spin space (mSASS)

Many areas of chemistry are devoted to the challenge of understanding, predicting, and controlling the behavior of strongly localized electrons. Examples include molecular magnetism and luminescence, color centers in crystals, photochemistry and quantum sensing to name but a few. Over the years, an amalgam of powerful quantum chemistry methods, simple intuitive models, and phenomenological parameterizations have been developed, providing increasingly complex and specialized methodologies. Even with increasing specialization, a pervasive challenge remains that is surprisingly universal - the simultaneous description of continuous symmetries (e.g. spin and orbital angular momenta) and discrete symmetries (e.g. crystal field). Modeling behavior in these complex systems is increasingly important for metal ions of unusual or technologically relevant behavior. Additionally, development of broad-scope models with physically-meaningful parameters carries the potential to facilitate interdisciplinary collaboration and large-scale meta analysis. We propose a generalized algorithmic approach, the molecular symmetry adapted spin space (mSASS), to localized electronic structure. We derive the Hamiltonian in symmetry-constrained matrix form with an exact account of free parameters and examples. Although preliminary in its implementation, a fundamental benefit of this approach is the treatment of spatial and spin-orbit symmetries without the need for perturbative approximations. In general, the mSASS Hamiltonian is large but finite and can be diagonalized numerically with high efficiency, providing a basis for conceptual models of electronic structure that naturally incorporates spin while leveraging the intuition and efficiency benefits of crystallographic symmetry. For the generation of the mSASS Hamiltonian, we provide an implementation into the Mathematica Software Package, GTPack.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

Coastal Development, Environmental Amenities, and Market Forces: An Application of Economic Theory

James R. Rinehart, Ph.D., is professor of economics, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29501. Jeffrey J. Pompe, Ph.D., is associate professor of economics, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29501