Individual differences in pain sensitivity are associated with cognitive network functional connectivity following one night of experimental sleep disruption.

Previous work suggests that sleep disruption can contribute to poor pain modulation. Here, we used experimental sleep disruption to examine the relationship between sleep disruption-induced pain sensitivity and functional connectivity (FC) of cognitive networks contributing to pain modulation. Nineteen healthy individuals underwent two counterbalanced experimental sleep conditions for one night each: uninterrupted sleep versus sleep disruption. Following each condition, participants completed functional MRI including a simple motor task and a noxious thermal stimulation task. Pain ratings and stimulus temperatures from the latter task were combined to calculate a pain sensitivity change score following sleep disruption. This change score was used as a predictor of simple motor task FC changes using bilateral executive control networks (RECN, LECN) and the default mode network (DMN) masks as seed regions of interest (ROIs). Increased pain sensitivity after sleep disruption was positively associated with increased RECN FC to ROIs within the DMN and LECN (F(4,14) = 25.28, pFDR = 0.05). However, this pain sensitivity change score did not predict FC changes using LECN and DMN masks as seeds (pFDR > 0.05). Given that only RECN FC was associated with sleep loss-induced hyperalgesia, findings suggest that cognitive networks only partially contribute to the sleep-pain dyad

Creditor\u27s Rights in Ohio: An Extensive Revision

House Bill No. 254, effective August 26, 1982, involves a balancing of competing interests as well as an attempt to bring Ohio law into compliance with the procedural requirements mandated, on Constitutional grounds, by various U.S. Supreme Court cases. It involves a cost-benefit analysis because, in making decisions in this area, one must balance the costs associated with procedural requirements against the benefits afforded to consumers. The costs involved are costs to consumers, as there is little doubt that any costs associated with the procedural requirements in effect since August 26, 1982, will be borne by consumers. To be sure, financial institutions are subject to financial and regulatory constraints. However, given any reasonable assumptions about elasticity of demand, the financial institutions have the economic power to pass increased costs on. Of course, we are talking about primary demand, not selective demand; selective demand is not an issue since all financial institutions will be subject to procedural requirement of H.B. 254. As for regulation, this author is not aware of any regulations that would prevent financial institutions from passing the procedural cost on to consumers

Molecular Diagnosis of Human Papillomavirus: Comparison Between Cervical and Vaginal Sampling

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most significant cause of cervical cancer. In view of the number of drawbacks associated with endocervical sampling, the gold standard for HPV detection, this study examined the utility and specificity of vaginal sampling as an alternative for endocervical sampling for the routine detection of HPV. Case study: The study comprised 51 women who tested positive and 54 women who tested negative for endocervical HPV by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), confirmed by histopathology. At the time of specimen collection, both (speculum-assisted) endocervical and vaginal (no speculum) scrapings were isolated from HPV positive and negativewomen, and HPV DNA was assessed by PCR using the MY09/MY11 primer system;HPV type was identified by hybridization of PCR products with type-specific biotinylated DNA probes. Each participant served as her own control. HPV was detected in vaginal and cervical scrapes from all HPV-positive but not HPV-negative women. In HPV-positive women the same HPV type was found in vaginal and endocervical scrapings (positive predictive value = 1.0). Conclusion: Correlation between vaginal and endocervical sampling methods was excellent in detecting the presence of HPV DNA and for identifying distinct HPV genotypes. Utilization of vaginal testing for routine HPV detection, and for the long-term follow-up of persistent HPV infection, is therefore recommended

The series Bi2Sr2Ca(n-1) Cu(n)O(2n+4) (1 less than or equal to n less than or equal to 5): Phase stability and superconducting properties

Phase relations at 850 and 870 C, melting transitions in air, oxygen, and helium were studied for Bi(2.1)Sr(1.9) CuO6 and for the Bi2Sr2Ca(n-1) Cu(n)O(2n+4) for n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and infinity (CaCuO2). Up to 870 C, the n = 2 composition resides in the compatibility tetrahedron bounded by Bi(2+x)(Sr,Ca)(3-y) Cu2O8, (Sr,Ca)14 Cu24O41, Ca2CuO3, and a Bi-Sr-Ca-O phase. The n is greater than or equal to 3 compositions reside in the compatibility tetrahedron Bi(2+x)(Sr,Ca)(3-y) Cu2O8 - (Sr,Ca)14 Cu24O41 - Ca2CuO3 - CuO up to 850 C. However, Bi(2+x)Sr(4-y) Cu3O10 forms for n is greater than or equal to 3 after extended heating at 870 C. Bi(2+x)Sr(2-y) CuO6 and Bi(2+x)(Sr,Ca)(3-y) Cu2O8 melt in air at 914 C and 895 C respectively. During melting, all of the compositions studied lose 1 to 2 percent by weight of oxygen from the reduction of copper. Bi(2+x)Sr(2-y) CuO6, Bi(2+n)(Sr,Ca)(3-y) Cu2O8, and Bi(2+x)(Sr,Ca)(4-y) Cu3O10 exhibit crystallographic alignment in a magnetic field, with the c-axes orienting parallel to the field

Participação e impotência: a busca pela esperança na periferia de Fortaleza, Brasil

A contínua influência do desenvolvimento participativo, tanto na teoria quanto na prática, destaca o valor de processos de desenvolvimento democráticos e inclusivos. Porém, apesar da sua influência através os anos, a participação ainda encontra os desafios de definir, promover e se tornar um fenômeno empoderador. Aqui reside o “baixo-ventre” teórico de participação porque ela é inextricavelmente ligada à distribuição de poder em qualquer comunidade. Esse artigo explora uma metodologia que busca quebrar laços de poder entre os mais pobres e proporcionar canais alternativos de acesso a serviços públicos para os quais os residentes são elegíveis devido ao seu status de cidadão. Buscamos também um entendimento mais profundo de como a participação cresce, como é alimentada pelo capital social e como ela cria sua própria dinâmica interna. Dessa forma, nós concluímos que as sementes de participação existem em qualquer grupo social e que a participação é um fenômeno interno. Ela não é um projeto externo cujo critério para o sucesso é definido pela presença em encontros, mas um reagrupamento interno mais profundo dentro de um grupo social cujo objetivo comum é claramente definido. A participação é, portanto, um processo que requer tempo, paciência, e flexibilidade.Palavras-chaves: Vulnerabilidade social. Práticas democráticas. Clientelismo.Participation and Powerlessness: The Pursuit of Hope on the Periphery of Fortaleza, BrazilAbstract The continued presence of participatory development in both theory and practice highlights the perceived value of democratic and inclusive development processes. However, despite years of influence, participation still encounters challenges such as those of defining participation, promoting participation, and making participation empowering. Here lies the vulnerable theoretical underbelly of participation, because it is inextricably linked to the distribution of power in any community. This paper examines a methodology that seeks to break traditional bonds of power among the very poor and to provide alternative channels of access to the public services for which residents are eligible because of their status as citizen. It also seeks a more detailed understanding of how participation grows, how it is fed by social capital, and how it creates its own internal dynamic.  In so doing, we conclude that the seeds of participation exist in any social group and that participation is an internal phenomenon.  It is not an external project for which attendance at meetings is the criterion for success, but a deeper internal rallying within a social group around a commonly-defined goal, a process that requires time, patience, and flexibility to achieve.Keywords: Vulnerability. Democratic practices. Clientelism

National variation in pulmonary metastasectomy for colorectal cancer

AIM: Evidence on patterns of use of pulmonary metastasectomy in colorectal cancer patients is limited. This population‐based study aims to investigate the use of pulmonary metastasectomy in the colorectal cancer population across the English National Health Service (NHS) and quantify the extent of any variations in practice and outcome. METHODS: All adults who underwent a major resection for colorectal cancer in an NHS hospital between 2005 and 2013 were identified in the COloRECTal cancer data Repository (CORECT‐R). All inpatient episodes corresponding to pulmonary metastasectomy, occurring within 3 years of the initial colorectal resection, were identified. Multi‐level logistic regression was used to determine patient and organizational factors associated with the use of pulmonary metastasectomy for colorectal cancer, and Kaplan–Meier and Cox models were used to assess survival following pulmonary metastasectomy. RESULTS: In all, 173 354 individuals had a major colorectal resection over the study period, with 3434 (2.0%) undergoing pulmonary resection within 3 years. The frequency of pulmonary metastasectomy increased from 1.2% of patients undergoing major colorectal resection in 2005 to 2.3% in 2013. Significant variation was observed across hospital providers in the risk‐adjusted rates of pulmonary metastasectomy (0.0%–6.8% of patients). Overall 5‐year survival following pulmonary resection was 50.8%, with 30‐day and 90‐day mortality of 0.6% and 1.2% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows significant variation in the rates of pulmonary metastasectomy for colorectal cancer across the English NHS

Variation in post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer across colonoscopy providers in English National Health Service: population based cohort study

Objectives: To quantify post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) rates in England by using recent World Endoscopy Organisation guidelines, compare incidence among colonoscopy providers, and explore associated factors that could benefit from quality improvement initiatives. Design: Population based cohort study. Setting: National Health Service in England between 2005 and 2013. Population: All people undergoing colonoscopy and subsequently diagnosed as having colorectal cancer up to three years after their investigation (PCCRC-3yr). Main outcome measures: National trends in incidence of PCCRC (within 6-36 months of colonoscopy), univariable and multivariable analyses to explore factors associated with occurrence, and funnel plots to measure variation among providers. Results: The overall unadjusted PCCRC-3yr rate was 7.4% (9317/126 152), which decreased from 9.0% in 2005 to 6.5% in 2013 (P<0.01). Rates were lower for colonoscopies performed under the NHS bowel cancer screening programme (593/16 640, 3.6%), while they were higher for those conducted by non-NHS providers (187/2009, 9.3%). Rates were higher in women, in older age groups, and in people with inflammatory bowel disease or diverticular disease, in those with higher comorbidity scores, and in people with previous cancers. Substantial variation in rates among colonoscopy providers remained after adjustment for case mix. Conclusions: Wide variation exists in PCCRC-3yr rates across NHS colonoscopy providers in England. The lowest incidence was seen in colonoscopies performed under the NHS bowel cancer screening programme. Quality improvement initiatives are needed to address this variation in rates and prevent colorectal cancer by enabling earlier diagnosis, removing premalignant polyps, and therefore improving outcomes