4,360 research outputs found
Coherent photon-photon interactions in very peripheral relativistic heavy ion collisions
Heavy ions at high velocities provide very strong electromagnetic fields for
a very short time. The main characteristics of ultraperipheral relativistic
heavy ion collisions are reviewed, characteristic parameters are identified.
The main interest in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions at relativistic ion
colliders like the LHC is the interactions of very high energy (equivalent)
photons with the countermoving (equivalent) photons and hadrons (protons/ions).
The physics of these interactions is quite different from and complementary to
the physics of the strong fields achieved with current and future lasers.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, invited talk presented at the ELI Workshop and
School on Fundamental Physics with Ultra-high Fields (September 29- October
2, 2008, Frauenwoerth, German
Hot Topics in Ultra-Peripheral Collisions
Ultra-peripheral collisions of relativistic heavy ions involve long-ranged
electromagnetic interactions at impact parameters too large for hadronic
interactions to occur. The nuclear charges are large; with the coherent
enhancement, the cross sections are also large. Many types of photonuclear and
purely electromagnetic interactions are possible. We present here an
introduction to ultra-peripheral collisions, and present four of the most
compelling physics topics. This note developed from a discussion at a workshop
on ``Electromagnetic Probes of Fundamental Physics,'' in Erice, Italy, Oct.
16-21, 2001.Comment: 7 pages, with 3 figures. This developed from a discussion at the
workshop on "Electromagnetic Probes of Fundamental Physics," Oct. 16-21,
Erice, Ital
Photoproduction at collider energies: from RHIC and HERA to the LHC
We present the mini-proceedings of the workshop on ``Photoproduction at
collider energies: from RHIC and HERA to the LHC'' held at the European Centre
for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (ECT*, Trento)
from January 15 to 19, 2007. The workshop gathered both theorists and
experimentalists to discuss the current status of investigations of high-energy
photon-induced processes at different colliders (HERA, RHIC, and Tevatron) as
well as preparations for extension of these studies at the LHC. The main
physics topics covered were: (i) small- QCD in photoproduction studies with
protons and in electromagnetic (aka. ultraperipheral) nucleus-nucleus
collisions, (ii) hard diffraction physics at hadron colliders, and (iii)
photon-photon collisions at very high energies: electroweak and beyond the
Standard Model processes. These mini-proceedings consist of an introduction and
short summaries of the talks presented at the meeting
Heavy Quark Photoproduction in Ultra-peripheral Heavy Ion Collisions
Heavy quarks are copiously produced in ultra-peripheral heavy ion collisions.
In the strong electromagnetic fields, c c-bar and b b-bar are produced by
photonuclear and two-photon interactions; hadroproduction can occur in grazing
interactions. We present the total cross sections, quark transverse momentum
and rapidity distributions, as well as the Q Q-bar invariant mass spectra from
the three production channels. We consider AA and pA collisions at the
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and Large Hadron Collider. We discuss
techniques for separating the three processes and describe how the AA to pA
production ratios might be measured accurately enough to study nuclear
shadowing.Comment: Minor changes to satisfy referees and typo fixes; 52 pages including
17 figure
Search for electromagnetic properties of the neutrinos at the LHC
Exclusive production of neutrinos via photon-photon fusion provides an
excellent opportunity to probe electromagnetic properties of the neutrinos at
the LHC. We explore the potential of processes pp-> p gamma gamma p -> p nu
anti-nu p and pp -> p gamma gamma p -> p nu anti-nu Z p to probe
neutrino-photon and neutrino-two photon couplings. We show that these reactions
provide more than seven orders of magnitude improvement in neutrino-two photon
couplings compared to LEP limits.Comment: 11 pages, 4 tables, New backgrounds have been adde
Measurement of inclusive D*+- and associated dijet cross sections in photoproduction at HERA
Inclusive photoproduction of D*+- mesons has been measured for photon-proton
centre-of-mass energies in the range 130 < W < 280 GeV and a photon virtuality
Q^2 < 1 GeV^2. The data sample used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of
37 pb^-1. Total and differential cross sections as functions of the D*
transverse momentum and pseudorapidity are presented in restricted kinematical
regions and the data are compared with next-to-leading order (NLO) perturbative
QCD calculations using the "massive charm" and "massless charm" schemes. The
measured cross sections are generally above the NLO calculations, in particular
in the forward (proton) direction. The large data sample also allows the study
of dijet production associated with charm. A significant resolved as well as a
direct photon component contribute to the cross section. Leading order QCD
Monte Carlo calculations indicate that the resolved contribution arises from a
significant charm component in the photon. A massive charm NLO parton level
calculation yields lower cross sections compared to the measured results in a
kinematic region where the resolved photon contribution is significant.Comment: 32 pages including 6 figure
Measurement of the diffractive structure function in deep inelastic scattering at HERA
This paper presents an analysis of the inclusive properties of diffractive
deep inelastic scattering events produced in interactions at HERA. The
events are characterised by a rapidity gap between the outgoing proton system
and the remaining hadronic system. Inclusive distributions are presented and
compared with Monte Carlo models for diffractive processes. The data are
consistent with models where the pomeron structure function has a hard and a
soft contribution. The diffractive structure function is measured as a function
of \xpom, the momentum fraction lost by the proton, of , the momentum
fraction of the struck quark with respect to \xpom, and of . The \xpom
dependence is consistent with the form \xpoma where
in all bins of and
. In the measured range, the diffractive structure function
approximately scales with at fixed . In an Ingelman-Schlein type
model, where commonly used pomeron flux factor normalisations are assumed, it
is found that the quarks within the pomeron do not saturate the momentum sum
rule.Comment: 36 pages, latex, 11 figures appended as uuencoded fil
Measurement of Jet Shapes in Photoproduction at HERA
The shape of jets produced in quasi-real photon-proton collisions at
centre-of-mass energies in the range GeV has been measured using the
hadronic energy flow. The measurement was done with the ZEUS detector at HERA.
Jets are identified using a cone algorithm in the plane with a
cone radius of one unit. Measured jet shapes both in inclusive jet and dijet
production with transverse energies GeV are presented. The jet
shape broadens as the jet pseudorapidity () increases and narrows
as increases. In dijet photoproduction, the jet shapes have been
measured separately for samples dominated by resolved and by direct processes.
Leading-logarithm parton-shower Monte Carlo calculations of resolved and direct
processes describe well the measured jet shapes except for the inclusive
production of jets with high and low . The observed
broadening of the jet shape as increases is consistent with the
predicted increase in the fraction of final state gluon jets.Comment: 29 pages including 9 figure
An NLO QCD analysis of inclusive cross-section and jet-production data from the ZEUS experiment
The ZEUS inclusive differential cross-section data from HERA, for charged and
neutral current processes taken with e+ and e- beams, together with
differential cross-section data on inclusive jet production in e+ p scattering
and dijet production in \gamma p scattering, have been used in a new NLO QCD
analysis to extract the parton distribution functions of the proton. The input
of jet data constrains the gluon and allows an accurate extraction of
\alpha_s(M_Z) at NLO;
\alpha_s(M_Z) = 0.1183 \pm 0.0028(exp.) \pm 0.0008(model)
An additional uncertainty from the choice of scales is estimated as \pm
0.005. This is the first extraction of \alpha_s(M_Z) from HERA data alone.Comment: 37 pages, 14 figures, to be submitted to EPJC. PDFs available at
http://durpdg.dur.ac.uk/hepdata in LHAPDFv
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