4,209 research outputs found
Study of nonequilibrium two-phase flow of a gas-particle mixture Technical note no. 2
Two-phase nonequilibrium flow of particle suspensions in gaseous mediu
Geometric reasoning
Cognitive robot systems are ones in which sensing and representation occur, from which task plans and tactics are determined. Such a robot system accomplishes a task after being told what to do, but determines for itself how to do it. Cognition is required when the work environment is uncontrolled, when contingencies are prevalent, or when task complexity is large; it is useful in any robotic mission. A number of distinguishing features can be associated with cognitive robotics, and one emphasized here is the role of artificial intelligence in knowledge representation and in planning. While space telerobotics may elude some of the problems driving cognitive robotics, it shares many of the same demands, and it can be assumed that capabilities developed for cognitive robotics can be employed advantageously for telerobotics in general. The top level problem is task planning, and it is appropriate to introduce a hierarchical view of control. Presented with certain mission objectives, the system must generate plans (typically) at the strategic, tactical, and reflexive levels. The structure by which knowledge is used to construct and update these plans endows the system with its cognitive attributes, and with the ability to deal with contingencies, changes, unknowns, and so on. Issues of representation and reasoning which are absolutely fundamental to robot manipulation, decisions based upon geometry, are discussed here, not AI task planning per se
Locking entanglement measures with a single qubit
We study the loss of entanglement of bipartite state subjected to discarding
or measurement of one qubit. Examining the behavior of different entanglement
measures, we find that entanglement of formation, entanglement cost, and
logarithmic negativity are lockable measures in that it can decrease
arbitrarily after measuring one qubit. We prove that any convex and
asymptotically non-continuous measure is lockable. As a consequence, all the
convex roof measures can be locked. Relative entropy of entanglement is shown
to be a non-lockable measure.Comment: 5 pages, RevTex
Supernarrow spectral peaks near a kinetic phase transition in a driven, nonlinear micromechanical oscillator
We measure the spectral densities of fluctuations of an underdamped nonlinear
micromechanical oscillator. By applying a sufficiently large periodic
excitation, two stable dynamical states are obtained within a particular range
of driving frequency. White noise is injected into the excitation, allowing the
system to overcome the activation barrier and switch between the two states.
While the oscillator predominately resides in one of the two states for most
excitation frequencies, a narrow range of frequencies exist where the
occupations of the two states are approximately equal. At these frequencies,
the oscillator undergoes a kinetic phase transition that resembles the phase
transition of thermal equilibrium systems. We observe a supernarrow peak in the
power spectral densities of fluctuations of the oscillator. This peak is
centered at the excitation frequency and arises as a result of noise-induced
transitions between the two dynamical states.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
The Kiss of Death
AbstractThe programmed cell death (PCD) of neurons is generally thought to be cell autonomous and not to require a death signal from other cells. A recent study by Marı́n-Teva et al., in this issue of Neuron, brings this theory into question and suggests that neighboring microglia actively participate in the PCD of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum
Are the laws of entanglement theory thermodynamical?
We argue that on its face, entanglement theory satisfies laws equivalent to
thermodynamics if the theory can be made reversible by adding certain bound
entangled states as a free resource during entanglement manipulation. Subject
to plausible assumptions, we prove that this is not the case in general, and
discuss the implications of this for the thermodynamics of entanglement.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, Revtex4; to appear in Phys. Rev. Let
Are there phase transitions in information space?
The interplay between two basic quantities -- quantum communication and
information -- is investigated. Quantum communication is an important resource
for quantum states shared by two parties and is directly related to
entanglement. Recently, the amount of local information that can be drawn from
a state has been shown to be closely related to the non-local properties of the
state. Here we consider both formation and extraction processes, and analyze
informational resources as a function of quantum communication. The resulting
diagrams in information space allow us to observe phase-like transitions when
correlations become classical.Comment: 4 pages, 3 epsi figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. Let
Unconditional privacy over channels which cannot convey quantum information
By sending systems in specially prepared quantum states, two parties can
communicate without an eavesdropper being able to listen. The technique, called
quantum cryptography, enables one to verify that the state of the quantum
system has not been tampered with, and thus one can obtain privacy regardless
of the power of the eavesdropper. All previous protocols relied on the ability
to faithfully send quantum states. In fact, until recently, they could all be
reduced to a single protocol where security is ensured though sharing maximally
entangled states. Here we show this need not be the case -- one can obtain
verifiable privacy even through some channels which cannot be used to reliably
send quantum states.Comment: Related to quant-ph/0608195 and for a more general audienc
Quantum irreversible decoherence behaviour in open quantum systems with few degrees of freedom. Application to 1H NMR reversion experiments in nematic liquid crystals
An experimental study of NMR spin decoherence in nematic liquid crystals (LC)
is presented. Decoherence dynamics can be put in evidence by means of
refocusing experiments of the dipolar interactions. The experimental technique
used in this work is based on the MREV8 pulse sequence. The aim of the work is
to detect the main features of the Irreversible Quantum Decoherence (IQD) in
LC, on the basis of the theory presented by the authors recently. The focus is
laid on experimentally probing the eigen-selection process in the intermediate
time scale, between quantum interference of a closed system and thermalization,
as a signature of the IQD of the open quantum system, as well as on quantifying
the effects of non-idealities as possible sources of signal decays which could
mask the intrinsic IQD. In order to contrast experiment and theory, the theory
was adapted to obtain the IQD function corresponding to the MREV8 reversion
experiments. Non-idealities of the experimental setting are analysed in detail
within this framework and their effects on the observed signal decay are
numerically estimated. It is found that, though these non-idealities could in
principle affect the evolution of the spin dynamics, their influence can be
mitigated and they do not present the characteristic behavior of the IQD. As
unique characteristic of the IQD, the experimental results clearly show the
occurrence of eigen-selectivity in the intermediate timescale, in complete
agreement with the theoretical predictions. We conclude that the
eigen-selection effect is the fingerprint of IQD associated with a quantum open
spin system in LC. Besides, these features of the results account for the
quasi-equilibrium states of the spin system, which were observed previously in
these mesophases, and lead to conclude that the quasi-equilibrium is a definite
stage of the spin dynamics during its evolution towards equilibriu
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