827 research outputs found
The VIS-AD data model: Integrating metadata and polymorphic display with a scientific programming language
The VIS-AD data model integrates metadata about the precision of values, including missing data indicators and the way that arrays sample continuous functions, with the data objects of a scientific programming language. The data objects of this data model form a lattice, ordered by the precision with which they approximate mathematical objects. We define a similar lattice of displays and study visualization processes as functions from data lattices to display lattices. Such functions can be applied to visualize data objects of all data types and are thus polymorphic
How Dry Are Red Mergers?
The focus of current research in galaxy evolution has increasingly turned to
understanding the effect that mergers have on the evolution of systems on the
red sequence. For those interactions purported to occur dissipationlessly (so
called "dry mergers"), it would appear that the role of gas is minimal.
However, if these mergers are not completely dry, then even low levels of gas
may be detectable. The purpose of our study is to test whether early type
galaxies with HI in or around them, or "wet" ellipticals, would have been
selected as dry mergers by the criteria in van Dokkum (2005, AJ, 130, 2647). To
that end, we examine a sample of 20 early types from the HI Rogues Gallery with
neutral hydrogen in their immediate environs. Of these, the 15 brightest and
reddest galaxies match the optical dry merger criteria, but in each case, the
presence of HI means that they are not truly dry.Comment: 8 pages plus 1 table and 5 figures; accepted for publication in A
Self-Modification of Policy and Utility Function in Rational Agents
Any agent that is part of the environment it interacts with and has versatile
actuators (such as arms and fingers), will in principle have the ability to
self-modify -- for example by changing its own source code. As we continue to
create more and more intelligent agents, chances increase that they will learn
about this ability. The question is: will they want to use it? For example,
highly intelligent systems may find ways to change their goals to something
more easily achievable, thereby `escaping' the control of their designers. In
an important paper, Omohundro (2008) argued that goal preservation is a
fundamental drive of any intelligent system, since a goal is more likely to be
achieved if future versions of the agent strive towards the same goal. In this
paper, we formalise this argument in general reinforcement learning, and
explore situations where it fails. Our conclusion is that the self-modification
possibility is harmless if and only if the value function of the agent
anticipates the consequences of self-modifications and use the current utility
function when evaluating the future.Comment: Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) 201
A New Distance to The Antennae Galaxies (NGC 4038/39) Based on the Type Ia Supernova 2007sr
Traditionally, the distance to NGC 4038/39 has been derived from the systemic
recession velocity, yielding about 20 Mpc for H_0 = 72 km/s/Mpc. Recently, this
widely adopted distance has been challenged based on photometry of the presumed
tip of the red giant branch (TRGB), which seems to yield a shorter distance of
13.3+-1.0 Mpc and, with it, nearly 1 mag lower luminosities and smaller radii
for objects in this prototypical merger. Here we present a new distance
estimate based on observations of the Type Ia supernova (SN) 2007sr in the
southern tail, made at Las Campanas Observatory as part of the Carnegie
Supernova Project. The resulting distance of D(SN Ia) = 22.3+-2.8 Mpc [(m-M)_0
= 31.74+-0.27 mag] is in good agreement with a refined distance estimate based
on the recession velocity and the large-scale flow model developed by Tonry and
collaborators, D(flow) = 22.5+-2.8 Mpc. We point out three serious problems
that a short distance of 13.3 Mpc would entail, and trace the claimed short
distance to a likely misidentification of the TRGB. Reanalyzing Hubble Space
Telescope (HST) data in the Archive with an improved method, we find a TRGB
fainter by 0.9 mag and derive from it a preliminary new TRGB distance of
D(TRGB) = 20.0+-1.6 Mpc. Finally, assessing our three distance estimates we
recommend using a conservative, rounded value of D = 22+-3 Mpc as the best
currently available distance to The Antennae.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 1 table (emulateapj; uses amsmath package).
Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 136. Figs. 1 & 2
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