Pancreatite Aguda Necrosante — Caso Clínico

Os autores apresentam um caso clínico de Pancreatite Aguda Hemorrágica, de provável etiologia idiopática, numa criança de 10 meses, que se manifestou inicialmente por vómitos, e alteração do estado de consciência e posteriormente por abdómen agudo. O diagnóstico foi feito durante a laparotomia. Houve boa evolução clínica. Como complicações, refere-se o aparecimento de dois pseudoquistos pancreáticos que regrediram progressiva e espontaneamente

The neural correlates of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a multimodal perspective

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most debilitating psychiatric conditions. An extensive body of the literature has described some of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the core manifestations of the disorder. Nevertheless, most reports have focused on individual modalities of structural/functional brain alterations, mainly through targeted approaches, thus possibly precluding the power of unbiased exploratory approaches. Eighty subjects (40 OCD and 40 healthy controls) participated in a multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigation, integrating structural and functional data. Voxel-based morphometry analysis was conducted to compare between-group volumetric differences. The whole-brain functional connectome, derived from resting-state functional connectivity (FC), was analyzed with the network-based statistic methodology. Results from structural and functional analysis were integrated in mediation models. OCD patients revealed volumetric reductions in the right superior temporal sulcus. Patients had significantly decreased FC in two distinct subnetworks: the first, involving the orbitofrontal cortex, temporal poles and the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex; the second, comprising the lingual and postcentral gyri. On the opposite, a network formed by connections between thalamic and occipital regions had significantly increased FC in patients. Integrative models revealed direct and indirect associations between volumetric alterations and FC networks. This study suggests that OCD patients display alterations in brain structure and FC, involving complex networks of brain regions. Furthermore, we provided evidence for direct and indirect associations between structural and functional alterations representing complex patterns of interactions between separate brain regions, which may be of upmost relevance for explaining the pathophysiology of the disorder

Hookworm Infection and Environmental Factors in Mbeya Region, Tanzania: A Cross-sectional, Population-based study.

Hookworm disease is one of the most common infections and cause of a high disease burden in the tropics and subtropics. Remotely sensed ecological data and model-based geostatistics have been used recently to identify areas in need for hookworm control. Cross-sectional interview data and stool samples from 6,375 participants from nine different sites in Mbeya region, south-western Tanzania, were collected as part of a cohort study. Hookworm infection was assessed by microscopy of duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears from one stool sample from each participant. A geographic information system was used to obtain remotely sensed environmental data such as land surface temperature (LST), vegetation cover, rainfall, and elevation, and combine them with hookworm infection data and with socio-demographic and behavioral data. Uni- and multivariable logistic regression was performed on sites separately and on the pooled dataset. Univariable analyses yielded significant associations for all ecological variables. Five ecological variables stayed significant in the final multivariable model: population density (odds ratio (OR) = 0.68; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.63-0.73), mean annual vegetation density (OR = 0.11; 95% CI = 0.06-0.18), mean annual LST during the day (OR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.75-0.88), mean annual LST during the night (OR = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.44-1.64), and latrine coverage in household surroundings (OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 1.01-1.04). Interaction terms revealed substantial differences in associations of hookworm infection with population density, mean annual enhanced vegetation index, and latrine coverage between the two sites with the highest prevalence of infection. This study supports previous findings that remotely sensed data such as vegetation indices, LST, and elevation are strongly associated with hookworm prevalence. However, the results indicate that the influence of environmental conditions can differ substantially within a relatively small geographic area. The use of large-scale associations as a predictive tool on smaller scales is therefore problematic and should be handled with care

Ganhos em dez anos de melhoramento da população-elite de arroz irrigado da embrapa na região subtropical.

O objetivo desse trabalho foi quantificar os ganhos observados com o melhoramento da PE do programa de melhoramento de arroz irrigado da Embrapa para a região subtropical brasileira, durante o período de 2002/03 a 2011/12, considerando as características produção de grãos, altura de planta e dias para a floração média

Evidence for lack of direct causality between pain and affective disturbances in a rat peripheral neuropathy model

[Epub ahead of print]Chronic pain is frequently accompanied by the manifestation of emotional disturbances and cognitive deficits. While a causality relation between pain and emotional/cognitive disturbances is generally assumed, several observations suggest a temporal dissociation and independent mechanisms. We therefore studied Sprague-Dawley rats that presented a natural resistance to pain manifestation in a neuropathy model (spared nerve injury [SNI]) and compared their performance in a battery of behavioral paradigms-anxiety, depression and fear memory-with animals that presented a pain phenotype. Afterward, we performed an extensive volumetric analysis across prefrontal, orbitofrontal and insular cortical areas. The majority of SNI animals manifested mechanical allodynia (low threshold [LT]), but 13% were similar to Sham controls (high threshold [HT]). Readouts of spontaneous hypersensivity (paw flinches) were also significantly reduced in HT and correlated with allodynia. To increase the specificity of our findings, we segregated the SNI animals in those with left (SNI-L) and right (SNI-R) lesions and the lack of association between pain and behavior still remains. Left-lesioned animals, independent of the LT or HT phenotype, presented increased anxiety-like behaviors and decreased well-being. In contrast, we found that the insular cortex (agranular division) was significantly smaller in HT than in LT. To conclude, pain and emotional disturbances observed following nerve injury are to some extent segregated phenomena. Also, HT and LT SNI presented differences in insular volumes, an area vastly implicated in pain perception, suggesting a supraspinal involvement in the manifestation of these phenotypes.This work has been funded by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), through the Competitiveness Factors Operational Programme (COMPETE) and the Northern Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020) under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement (project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000023). It was also funded by National and International funds, through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), under the scope of the projects POCI-01-0145- FEDER-007038 and PTDC/NEU-SCC/5301/2014 and by the IASP Early Career Research Grant 2015. Researchers were supported by FCT grant numbers PD/BD/114117/2015 (MRG via Inter-University Doctoral Programme in Ageing and Chronic Disease, PhDOC), SFRH/BD/109111/2015 (AMC via PhD Program in Health Sciences), SFRH/BD/52291/2013 (ME via PhDOC), SFRH/BD/89936/2012 (SB via PhD Program in Health Sciences (Applied)), PDE/BDE/113604/2015 (RM via PhD Program in Health Sciences (Applied)), PDE/BDE/113601/2015 (PSM via PhD Program in Health Sciences (Applied)) and SFRH/BPD/80118/2011 (HA). ARS integrated the Master Programme in Health Sciences of the School of Medicine, University of Minho.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Avaliação do dano no ADN do espermatozoide por citometria de fluxo e ensaio cometa alcalino

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Óleos essenciais de plantas brasileiras

As part of a chemical survey of brazilian plants, we report the presence of essential oils in the wood of Dicypellium caryophyllatum Nees (Lauraceae), composition: eugenol 95,5%, O-methyleugenol 1,6%; the leaves of Myrcia polyantha D.C., var. coriacea Bg. (Myrtaceae), yield: 2%, composition: limonene 4,5%, neral 28,0%, geranial 50,2%, sesquiterpenes 14,6%; the bark of Parkia oppositifolia Spr. ex Benth. (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae). composition: methyl salicylate 98,2%; the trunk wood of Dalbergia decipularis Rizz. et Mattos (Leguminosae-Papilionatae), composition: nerolidol 97,2%; the trunk wood of Poecilanthe parviflora Benth. (Leguminosae-Papilionatae), composition: nerolidol 26,0%; the leaves of Piper cavalcautei Yuncker (Piperaceae), yield: 1.9%, composition: safrol 69,0% methyleugenol 8,0% terpenes 23,0%.Como parte de um estudo químico de plantas brasileiras, comunica-se a presença de óleos essenciais na madeira de Dicypellium caryophyllatum Nees (Lauraceae), de composiçãoeugenol 95,5% O-metileugenol 1,6%; as fôlhas de Myrcia polyantha D.C., var. coriácea Bg. (Myrtaceae), com um rendimento de 2%, de composiçãolimoneno 4,5%, nera 128,0%, geranial 40,2%, sesquiterpenos 14,6%; a casca de Parkia oppositifolia Spr. ex Benth. (Leguminose-mimoeoidaeae), de composiçãosalicilato de metila 98,2%; a madeira do tronco de Dalbergia decipuiaris Rizz. et Mattos (Leguminosae-Papilionatae), de composiçãonerolidol 97,2%; a madeira do tronco de Poecilanthe parviflora Benth. (Leguminosae-Papilionatae)nerolidol 26,0%; as fôlhas de Piper cavalcantei Yuncker (Piperaceae), rendimento 1,9% de composiçãosafrol 69,0%, metileugenol 8,0%, terpenos 23,0%

A large-scale study of a poultry trading network in Bangladesh: implications for control and surveillance of avian influenza viruses

Since its first report in 2007, avian influenza (AI) has been endemic in Bangladesh. While live poultry marketing is widespread throughout the country and known to influence AI dissemination and persistence, trading patterns have not been described. The aim of this study is to assess poultry trading practices and features of the poultry trading networks which could promote AI spread, and their potential implications for disease control and surveillance. Data on poultry trading practices was collected from 849 poultry traders during a cross-sectional survey in 138 live bird markets (LBMs) across 17 different districts of Bangladesh. The quantity and origins of traded poultry were assessed for each poultry type in surveyed LBMs. The network of contacts between farms and LBMs resulting from commercial movements of live poultry was constructed to assess its connectivity and to identify the key premises influencing it