476 research outputs found
Estudio de la abducción del hombro mediante videofotogrametría (VFG) y radiología seriada (RX) simultánea
El complejo articular del hombro posee la mayor movilidad de todas las articulaciones del cuerpo. Está formado por un conjunto de estructuras: articulación escapulohumeral, acromioclavicular, esternoclavicular, escapulotorácica (seudoarticulación de la escápula con la pared torácica) que actuan coordinadamente unas con otras para situar la extremidad superior y, en definitiva la mano, en cualquier sitio del espacio.
El estudio del movimiento de este complejo articular del hombro ha sido motivo de muchas investigaciones que han generado temas de controversia durante los últimos cien años.
Desde su origen, las articulaciones han ido evolucionando hasta especializarse para efectuar unos determinados movimientos más específicos y precisos, al mismo tiempo que han ido abandonando otros.
La articulaciones multiaxiales, las más proximales de las extremidades como el muslo, son las que han persistido con un mayor grado de movilidad y las que, por tanto, requieren un control muscular más preciso.
La evolución hacia la bipedestación, implica una serie de cambios: aparición de lordosis en la columna, aumento del diámetro transversal del tórax juntamente con un desplazamiento hacia atrás de la clavícula y la escápula permitiendo así mayor amplitud de movimientos, sobretodo en la rotación y en la función prensil de la extremidad superior. En el muslo, se sacrificó la estabilidad para adquirir más movilidad4
Validation of the log e–log σ normal compression law using particle strength data
This note is a study of experimental data on particle strength and normal compression, to establish whether the recently proposed normal compression law by McDowell and de Bono (2013) is supported and confirmed. A number of different sands are examined and found to support the hypothesis. In addition, some new simulations on sand mixtures are used to explain experimental results for quartz-feldspar mixtures. It would appear that the proposed compression law is also supported by the data for the sand mixtures
Microcrystalline silicon thin film transistors obtained by Hot-Wire CVD
Polysilicon thin film transistors (TFT) are of great interest in the field of large area microelectronics, especially because of their application as active elements in flat panel displays. Different deposition techniques are in tough competition with the objective to obtain device-quality polysilicon thin films at low temperature. In this paper we present the preliminary results obtained with the fabrication of TFT deposited by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD). Some results concerned with the structural characterization of the material and electrical performance of the device are presented
Achieving orphan designation for placental insufficiency: annual incidence estimations in Europe
Objective
To determine whether a novel therapy for placental insufficiency could achieve orphan drug status by estimating the annual incidence of placental insufficiency, defined as an estimated fetal weight below the 10th centile in the presence of abnormal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry, per 10 000 European Union (EU ) population as part of an application for European Medicines Agency (EMA ) orphan designation.
Design
Incidence estimation based on literature review and published national and EU statistics.
Setting and population
European Union.
Methods
Data were drawn from published literature, including national and international guidelines, international consensus statements, cohort studies and randomised controlled trials, and published national and EU statistics, including birth rates and stillbirth rates. Rare disease databases were also searched.
Results
The proportion of affected pregnancies was estimated as 3.17% (95% CI 2.93–3.43%), using a weighted average of the results from two cohort studies. Using birth rates from 2012 and adjusting for a pregnancy loss rate of 1/100 gave an estimated annual incidence of 3.33 per 10 000 EU population (95% CI 3.07–3.60 per 10 000 EU population). This fell below the EMA threshold of 5 per 10 000 EU population.
Conclusions
Maternal vascular endothelial growth factor gene therapy for placental insufficiency was granted EMA orphan status in 2015 after we demonstrated that it is a rare, life‐threatening or chronically debilitating and currently untreatable disease. Developers of other potential obstetric therapies should consider applying for orphan designation, which provides financial and regulatory benefits
Thin Film Transistors obtained by Hot-Wire CVD
Hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon films obtained at low temperature (150-280°C) by hot wire chemical vapour deposition at two different process pressures were measured by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy and photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS). A crystalline fraction >90% with a subgap optical absortion 10 cm -1 at 0.8 eV were obtained in films deposited at growth rates >0.8 nm/s. These films were incorporated in n-channel thin film transistors and their electrical properties were measured. The saturation mobility was 0.72 ± 0.05 cm 2/ V s and the threshold voltage around 0.2 eV. The dependence of their conductance activation energies on gate voltages were related to the properties of the material
Shear behaviour of crushed concrete and bricks
Demolition waste materials mainly consist of concrete
and bricks and arise from the demolition of existing
structures and buildings. Environmental and economical
reasons make their recycling necessary, but to date, their
use is curtailed due to the lack of research in determining
their properties. This paper reports on the efforts to
understand the behavioural characteristics of three types
of recycled material to determine their potential for
engineering fill applications. For this purpose, their
physical and mechanical characteristics were extensively
investigated. Two types of crushed concrete, one
obtained straight after demolition and the other processed
to industry specifications, and one type of crushed
brick were tested. An extensive large-scale shear box test
regime was employed to determine the shear strength
behaviour of the materials. The influence of the normal
stress on the peak friction angle, the shear stress–
horizontal displacement relationship and horizontal displacement–
vertical displacement behaviour of the materials
are discussed in this paper. The results showed that
the behaviour of the three recycled materials during
shear testing was similar to the behaviour exhibited by
natural granular materials from literature. In conclusion,
the shear box test results have shown that the specific
demolition waste products exhibit considerable shear
strength and can be utilised in construction as low-level
engineering fill
Surface ablation of RbTiOPO4 by femtosecond laser
We report here the results obtained in surface ablation of RbTiOPO4 single crystals by femtosecond laser. We fabricated and characterized one-dimensional (1D) diffraction gratings with different lattice spacings of 15 and 20 μm, and with a sub-modulation of the period introduced in the later. The optical and electronic microscopy characterization and filling factor analysis of these diffraction gratings are reported. We also show that the roughness generated on the grooves by the ablation process can be improved by chemical etching.This work was partially funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Program under Project Cleanspace FP7-SPACE-2010-1-GA-263044, supported by the Spanish Government under Projects PI09/90527, TEC2009-09551, AECID A/024560/09, FIS2009-09522, HOPE CSD2007-00007 and SAUUL CSD2007-00013 (Consolider-Ingenio 2010), by Catalan Government under Projects 2009SGR235 and 2009SGR549, by Junta de Castilla y León under Project GR27, and by the Research Center on Engineering of Materials and Systems (EMaS) of the URV. J.J.C. is supported by the Education and Science Ministry of Spain and European Social Fund under the Ramón y Cajal program, RYC2006-858. We also acknowledge support from the Centro de Laseres Pulsados, CLPU, Salamanca, Spain
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