The possibility of using microwaves to obtain extracts from berry press residues and jelly products with bioactive characteristics

The paper explores the possibility of development a microwave technology for obtaining water extracts from berry press residues (wild bilberries and cranberries as the objects) and jelly products based on them, which will allow using the waste of freshly squeezed juices in business, such as restaurants and catering services. The antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP methods), content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid were determined in berries and in berry press residues. The antioxidant activity of bilberry press residues was due to anthocyanins, and the activity of cranberry press residues was due to flavonoids. Using the microwave oven (magnetron power 800 W, frequency 2,450 MHz), water extracts were obtained in the ratio: for cranberries 1.5:10, for bilberries 1:10. The antioxidant activity of extracts depended on the type of berries and was greater in extracts from bilberry press residues. Extracts of bilberries and cranberries and their compositions (sugar-free and sugaradded) with gelatin as a gelling agent were used to produce the jelly products. Combining bilberry and cranberry extracts (70:30) with gelatin makes it possible to obtain jelly products without sugar. Heating of the ready recipe mixture after preliminary swelling of gelatin and without swelling of gelatin was carried out in the microwave oven. The antioxidant activity of jelly products was higher when using bilberry extracts than cranberries. An increase in the antioxidant activity of the extracts led to a slowdown in structure formation, but increased the plasticity of the products

Experience of using of combined destruction methods in hepatic tumors

Institutul de chirurgie ”A.V.Vishnevskii”, Moscova, Rusia, Al XII-lea Congres al Asociației Chirurgilor „Nicolae Anestiadi” din Republica Moldova cu participare internațională 23-25 septembrie 2015Introducere: Creșterea constantă a depistării cazurilor de diferite tumori hepatice impune dezvoltarea utilizării simultane a diferitor metode operatorii, inclusiv a metodelor minim invazive cu scopul obținerii unui efect terapeutic local mai bun. Scopul: De a estima experiența utilizării concomitente a metodelor chimice și fizice de ablație tumorală, efectuate sub ghidaj ultrasonor la pacienții cu diferite tumori hepatice. Material și metode: În timpul perioadei de observație 2011-2014, am analizat rezultatele tratamentului la 7 pacienți (vârsta medie: 65±6 ani), cu o varietate de leziuni focale hepatice: 3 cazuri – carcinom hepatocelular (CHC), 4 cazuri – afectare metastatică (2 – cancer colorectal, 1 – cancer renal, 1 – tumoră gastrointestinală stromală (GIST) a stomacului). La 6 pacienți sa utilizat combinarea tehnicilor de ablație tumorală prin radiofrecvență și chimică sub forma de monoterapie, din care 1 caz – în asociere cu rezecție hepatică extinsă. În 3 cazuri s-a efectuat prelucrarea unui singur focar, în 4 cazuri – a două focare. În perioada postoperatorie precoce 5 pacienți au necesitat proceduri repetate de ablație chimică. Rezultate: La analiza rezultatelor precoce la 5 pacienți a fost confirmată eficacitatea ablației tumorale în baza datelor RMN și ecografiei, în timp ce la 2 pacienți nu s-a reușit ablația adecvată a focarului tumoral. Pe termen lung, perioada maximală de timp fără recidivă a tumorii (908 zile) a fost observată la un pacient cu afectare metastatică și localizare centrală. Cel mai stabil efect curativ local a fost evidențiat la un pacient cu CHC unifocar și localizare subdiafragmală (201 zile fără recidivă în raport cu focarul tumoral tratat). Concluzii: Numărul mic de pacienți nu permite în mod obiectiv evaluarea metodologiei de utilizare combinată a metodelor de ablație fizică și chimică, însă substratul teoretic al tehnicilor propuse din contul sumării reciproce a efectului local pare a fi unul promițător.Introduction: The constant increase in detection of cases with liver tumors requires the development of simultaneous application of different operative techniques, including minimally invasive methods in order to obtain better local therapeutic effect. Aim of study: To estimate the experience of concomitant use of chemical and physical methods for tumor ablation, performed under ultrasound guidance in patients with various liver tumors. Material and methods: During the observation period 2011-2014 we analyzed the results of 7 patients treatment (mean age 65±6 years) with different focal lesions of the liver: in 3 cases – hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in 4 observations – metastatic injury of liver (colorectal cancer – 2 cases , cancer of the kidney – 1 case, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the stomach – 1 case). In 6 patients we used a combination of radiofrequency ablation technique and chemical one as a monotherapy, including 1 case – combined with extensive liver resection. In 3 cases we performed a treatment of unifocal lesion, in 4 cases – 2 focus. In the early postoperative period, 5 patients required repeated procedures of chemical ablation. Results: When analyzing early results, the efficacy of tumor ablation was confirmed in 5 patients on ultrasound and MRI data, while it was not possible in 2 cases. In the long-term, the maximum recurrence-free period (908 days) was observed in a patient with metastatic affectation and central location. The most stable local therapeutic effect was observed in patients with HCC and subdiaphragmatic location (201 days without recurrence in relation to treated focus). Conclusions: A small number of cases does not allow to evaluate objectively the methodology for the combined use of physical and chemical ablation, but the theoretical basis of the proposed techniques on account of local synergies effect seems to be very promising

Strings on Semisymmetric Superspaces

Several string backgrounds which arise in the AdS/CFT correspondence are described by integrable sigma-models. Their target space is always a Z(4) supercoset (a semi-symmetric superspace). Here we list all semi-symmetric cosets which have zero beta function and central charge c<=26 at one loop in perturbation theory.Comment: 25 pages, 1 figur

Радикальное лечение эхинококкоза печени. Современное состояние проблемы

purpose of this study is to evaluate the results and role of radical operations in the management of hepatic hydatid disease. 317 patients with liver hydatid cysts underwent surgical treatment. Liver resection, total and subtotal pericystectomy were possible in 215 patients (67,8%). There were 115 patients (36,3%) with complicated hepatic hydatid cysts. Residual echinococcosis was indication for operation in 17%. Among all patients 53 (16,7%) presented other anatomic sites of parasite such as lung, peritoneum, kidney, and other viscera. The postoperative complication rate was 25,7% after operations without pericystectomy, 17,6% - after radical operations and 19,8% - after combined operations. The mortality rate was 1,6%. The recurrence rate was 6,7%. Removal of cystic and pericystic tissue and liver resection are the only type of operations for safe and radical treatment of liver hydatid cysts, especially in the cases of complicated and relapsing disease.В последнее десятилетие отмечается рост заболеваемости эхинококкозом, увеличение доли осложненного течения заболевания. С целью оценки результатов радикальных операций при эхинококкозе печени в Институте хирургии им. А.В. Вишневского проведено хирургическое лечение 317 больных. Резекции печени, тотальные и субтотальные перицистэктомии выполнены у 215 пациентов (67,8%). Осложненный эхинококкоз имел место у 115 больных (36,3%). Повторные операции по поводу рецидивного эхинококкоза проведены 17% больных. Сочетанный эхинококкоз с поражением других органов брюшной полости и легких имел место у 53 пациентов (16,7%). Осложнения со стороны брюшной полости после операций без удаления фиброзной капсулы отмечены у 25,7% больных, после радикальных операций - у 17,6%, после субтотальной перицистэктомии и комбинированных операций - у 19,8%. Летальные исходы зафиксированы в 1,6% случаев. В отдаленном периоде резидуальные кисты выявлены у 2,1% пациентов. Радикальные операции (перицистэктомия, резекция печени) остаются основным методом хирургического лечения, достаточно безопасным и обеспечивающим наиболее благоприятное течение послеоперационного периода, в том числе у больных с осложненным течением заболевания и повторно оперированных

Основные осложнения обширных резекций печени и пути их предупреждения

Results of 325 major liver resections were investigated. The common indications were malignant and benign lesions, hydatid cysts, purulent cholangitis, posttraumatic liver necrosis. The main complications after liver resections were massive intraoperative bleedings and acute postoperative liver failure. The main causes of blood loss and liver failure were discovered. The most effective means to prevent bleeding was anatomical liver resection. Lobe vascular occlusion is essential for minimal blood loss. Postoperative liver failure was strong associated with the small volume of the remnant liver and decrease in functional liver capacity. Precision selection of patients and preoperative portal vein embolisation lead to decrease the rate of liver failure (5,4%).Представлен анализ непосредственных результатов 325 обширных анатомических резекций печени, выполненных по поводу злокачественных и доброкачественных новообразований, паразитарных кистозных поражений, абсцедирующего холангита, последствий травм печени. Основными осложнениями, определяющими высокую степень операционного риска обширных резекций, являются массивные операционные кровотечения и послеоперационная печеночная недостаточность. Определены факторы риска развития кровотечений, приведены конкретные рекомендации по их профилактике, главной из которых является выполнение обширных резекций печени в анатомическом варианте, предпочтительно воротным способом. Минимальная кровопотеря отмечена при полной сосудистой изоляции удаляемой доли печени. Основными причинами развития тяжелых форм печеночно-почечной недостаточности являются недостаточный объем паренхимы, остающейся после резекции доли печени, и ее низкий функциональный резерв, обусловленный циррозом или выраженными дистрофическими изменениями паренхимы. Дифференцированный подход к отбору больных, использование дооперационной портальной венозной эмболизации позволили снизить частоту печеночной недостаточности до 5,4

Распространенное альвеококковое поражение печени с вовлечением нижней полой вены (клиническое наблюдение)

Among parasitic diseases, liver alveococcosis is a particular complication. It is often compared with parasitic liver cancer, due to infiltrative growth, the possibility of metastasis, as well as the high frequency of relapse after surgical treatment. However, the main difference between the course of alveococcosis liver damage is a slow infiltrative growth, which, in combination with large compensatory capacities of the hepatic tissue, often leads to the fact that the clinical manifestations of the disease occur late, even with a significant spread of the pathological process, at the stage of complications. At the same time, complete operative re moval of the tumor remains the only radical treatment for such patients. We present the clinical case of the diagnosis and multistage treatment of the patient E., 57 years old, with the widespread liver alveococcosis involving the inferior vena cava.Среди паразитарных заболеваний особую сложность представляет альвеококкоз печени. Его нередко сравнивают с паразитарным раком печени по причине инфильтративного роста, возможности метастазирования, а также высокой частоты рецидивов после оперативного лечения. Однако основным отличием течения альеококкового поражения печени является медленный инфильтративный рост, что в сочетании с большими компенсаторными способностями печеночной ткани зачастую приводит к тому, что клинические проявления заболевания возникают поздно, уже при значительном распространении патологического процесса, на стадии присоединения осложнений. При этом полное оперативное удаление опухоли остается единственным радикальным методом лечения таких пациентов. Представляем клиническое наблюдение диагностики и многоэтапного лечения пациентки Е., 57 лет, с распространенным альвеококкозом печени с вовлечением нижней полой вены

UP-TO-DATE MELIORATION STATE OF IRRIGATION AREA OF THE HUNGRY STEPPE (UZBER PART) AND WAYS OF SUSTAINABLE INCREASING THEIR PRODUCTIVITY

The results of investigation on assessment of up-to-date melioration state of irrigation lands, ameliorative processes and regimes on proposed new integrated modification method are introduced in this paper. Investigations were fulfilled mainly via administration raions. Recommendations were done for improvement melioration state on each raions