How long should arthroscopic clavicular resection be in acromioclavicular arthropathy? A radiological-clinical study (with computed tomography) of 18 cases at a mean 4 years’ follow-up

AbstractIntroductionEndoscopic clavicular resection is a common procedure, but few studies have analyzed predictive factors for outcome.Hypotheses1) Computed tomography (CT) of clavicular resection is reproductible; 2) Functional outcome correlates with resection length; 3) Other factors also influence outcome.Material and methodsPatients operated on between 2005 and 2010 were called back to establish functional scores (Constant, Simple Shoulder Test [SST], satisfaction) and undergo low-dose bilateral comparative computed tomography (CT) centered on the acromioclavicular joints. The assessment criteria were resection edge parallelism and resection length, measured using OsiriX® software. Radiological and clinical data were correlated.Results18 out of 21 patients (85%: 3 female, 15 male) were assessed. Mean age at surgery was 49 years (range, 40–62 yrs); mean follow-up was 4.2 years (1.6–7.2 yrs). Mean Constant score rose from 57.7 (25–85) to 70.2 (30–96); mean postoperative SST was 9.3 (3–12). 11 patients had very good and 4 poor results. CT resection length was reproducible, with intraclass, intra- and interobserver correlation coefficients >95%. There was no significant correlation between articular resection length on CT and functional scores (P=0.2). Functional scores were negatively influenced by an occupational pathologic context (P<0.01) and by associated tendinopathy.Discussion and conclusionLow-dose CT enabled reproducible analysis of clavicular resection. The hypothesized correlation between resection length and functional result was not confirmed. Work accidents and occupational disease emerged as risk factors.Level of evidenceSingle-center retrospective analytic cohort study. Level 4, guideline grade C

Entrapment and traumatic neuropathies of the elbow and hand: An imaging approach

AbstractUltrasound and magnetic resonance imaging currently offer a detailed analysis of the peripheral nerves. Compressive and traumatic nerve injuries are the two main indications for imaging investigation of nerves with several publications describing the indications, technique and diagnostic capabilities of imaging signs. Investigation of entrapment neuropathies has three main goals, which are to confirm neuronal distress, search for the cause of nerve compression and exclude a differential diagnosis on the entire nerve. For traumatic nerve injuries, imaging, predominantly ultrasound, occasionally provides essential information for management including the type of nerve lesion, its exact site and local extension

Evaluation of Bio Briquettes made from Musa acuminata Colla, Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana Silk, and Citrus reticulata and Citrus sinensis Peels

Accumulation of food waste and the burning of coal emit harmful chemicals which contribute to environmental problems such as climate change and global warming. These also risk the health of people, which causes deaths. Briquettes help improve and preserve the environment by lessening food waste and coal emissions. This study aims to determine the best treatment for briquettes to help disadvantaged communities and alleviate the adverse effects on the environment and health. A combination of banana (Musa acuminata Colla (AA Group) \u27Lakatan\u27 and Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana (AAB Group) \u27Silk\u27, and orange (Citrus × reticulata and Citrus × sinensis) peels were used as bases for the briquettes. Sawdust also served as a controlled treatment, and two different binder treatments were also used, namely paper pulp and cassava starch. The briquettes\u27 quality was tested based on their density, burning rate, ignition time, and efficiency (Water Boiling Test). One-way Multivariate Analysis of Variance (One-way MANOVA), Shapiro-Wilk Normality Test and Levene’s Homogeneity of Variances Test, One-way ANOVA, Post-Hoc Test, specifically Tukey’s LSD were then used to analyze the gathered results. Results revealed that the best briquettes are orange & cassava (density), banana & paper (burning rate), sawdust & cassava (ignition), and sawdust & cassava (efficiency). The findings indicate that the best briquettes were sawdust & cassava (most efficient in Water Boiling Test and fastest to ignite) and banana & paper (lowest burning rate) briquettes. Additionally, the findings suggest different production practices

Phylogeography of a successful aerial disperser: the golden orb spider Nephila on Indian Ocean islands

Abstract Background The origin and diversification patterns of lineages across the Indian Ocean islands are varied due to the interplay of the complex geographic and geologic island histories, the varying dispersal abilities of biotas, and the proximity to major continental landmasses. Our aim was to reconstruct phylogeographic history of the giant orbweaving spider (Nephila) on western Indian Ocean islands (Madagascar, Mayotte, Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues), to test its origin and route of dispersal, and to examine the consequences of good dispersal abilities for colonization and diversification, in comparison with related spiders (Nephilengys) inhabiting the same islands, and with other organisms known for over water dispersal. We used mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (ITS2) markers to examine phylogenetic and population genetic patterns in Nephila populations and species. We employed Bayesian and parsimony methods to reconstruct phylogenies and haplotype networks, respectively, and calculated genetic distances, fixation indices, and estimated clade ages under a relaxed clock model. Results Our results suggest an African origin of Madagascar Nephila inaurata populations via Cenozoic dispersal, and the colonization of the Mascarene islands from Madagascar. We find evidence of gene flow across Madagascar and Comoros. The Mascarene islands share a common 'ancestral' COI haplotype closely related to those found on Madagascar, but itself absent, or as yet unsampled, from Madagascar. Each island has one or more unique haplotypes related to the ancestral Mascarene haplotype. The Indian Ocean N. inaurata are genetically distinct from the African populations. Conclusions Nephila spiders colonized Madagascar from Africa about 2.5 (0.6-5.3) Ma. Our results are consistent with subsequent, recent and rapid, colonization of all three Mascarene islands. On each island, however, we detected unique haplotypes, consistent with a limited gene flow among the islands subsequent to colonization, a scenario that might be referred to as speciation in progress. However, due to relatively small sample sizes, we cannot rule out that we simply failed to collect Mascarene haplotypes on Madagascar, a scenario that might imply human mediated dispersal. Nonetheless, the former interpretation better fits the available data and results in a pattern similar to the related Nephilengys. Nephilengys, however, shows higher genetic divergences with diversification on more remote islands. That the better disperser of the two lineages, Nephila, has colonized more islands but failed to diversify, demonstrates how dispersal ability can shape both the patterns of colonization and formation of species across archipelagos.</p

Assessing human diet and movement in the Tongan maritime chiefdom using isotopic analyses.

The rise of stratified societies fundamentally influences the interactions between status, movement, and food. Using isotopic analyses, we assess differences in diet and mobility of individuals excavated from two burial mounds located at the `Atele burial site on Tongatapu, the main island of the Kingdom of Tonga (c. 500 - 150 BP). The first burial mound (To-At-1) was classified by some archaeologists as a commoner's mound while the second burial mound (To-At-2) was possibly used for interment of the chiefly class. In this study, stable isotope analyses of diet (δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S; n = 41) are used to asses paleodiet and 87Sr/86Sr ratios (n = 30) are analyzed to investigate individual mobility to test whether sex and social status affected these aspects of life. Our results show significant differences in diet between burial mounds and sexes. Those interred in To-At-2 displayed lower δ13C values, indicating they ate relatively more terrestrial plants (likely starchy vegetable staples) compared with To-At-1 individuals. Females displayed significantly lower δ15N values compared with males within the entire assemblage. No differences in δ34S values were observed between sexes or burial mound but it is possible that sea spray or volcanism may have affected these values. One individual displayed the strontium isotopic composition representative of a nonlocal immigrant (outside 2SD of the mean). This suggests the hegemonic control over interisland travel, may have prevented long-term access to the island by non-Tongans exemplifying the political and spiritual importance of the island of Tongatapu in the maritime chiefdom

PEMANFAATAN JERAMI PADI DENGAN BERBAGAI TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN PAKAN TERHADAP PERSENTASE NON KARKAS DAN PERSENTASE DAGING TANPA TULANG PADA DOMBA JANTAN LOKAL: Utililization of The Rice Straw with Feed Processing Technology For Non Carcass and Boneless Percentage on Local Rams

Jerami padi merupakan limbah pertanian yang terbesar di Indonesia yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagaipakan ternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh teknologi pengolahan pakan pada jerami paditerhadap persentase non karkas dan persentase daging tanpa tulang pada domba jantan lokal umur ± 6 – 8 bulan.Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan.Perlakuan terdiri atas P1 (jerami padi diolah secara mekanik dengan chopper), P2 (jerami padi diolah secara kimiawidengan NaOH konsentrasi 2-3%), P3 (jerami padi diolah secara biologi dengan Aspergillus niger) dan P4 (jeramipadi diolah secara mekanik, kimiawi dan biologi). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persentase bobot kepala (%) padaperlakuan P1, P2, P3 dan P4 adalah 9,06; 9,81; 9,36; dan 9,65, persentase bobot kaki (%) 4,41; 4,84; 4,21; dan 4,64,persentase bobot kulit (%) 7,07; 8,65; 8,88 dan 8,79, persentase bobot organ dalam (%) 12,77; 11,66; 12,56 dan11,20 dan persentase boneless (%) 64,47ab; 63,43a; 69,21b; dan 65,04ab. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwapemberian jerami padi dengan pengolahan teknologi pakan secara signifikan menurunkan persentase bobot kepala,kaki, kulit dan organ dalam (P&gt;0,05), tetapi secara signifikan menaikkan persentase daging tanpa tulang (P&gt;0,05).Kesimpulan hasil penelitian penggunaan teknologi pakan pada jerami padi memberikan pengaruh tidak berbedanyata terhadap persentase bobot kepala, kaki, kulit dan organ dalam dan memberikan perbedaan yang nyata terhadappersentase daging tanpa tulang

INFLUENCE DE LA SUPPLÉMENTATION EN ANTIBIOTIQUES SUR LA CROISSANCE DES PORCELETS SEVRÉS A 5 SEMAINES : OXYTÉTRACYCLINE ET OLÉANDOMYCINE

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