Правове регулювання повторного шлюбу у римському та ранньовізантійському праві

В статті досліджується традиційна проблема інституту повторного шлюбу в контексті його еволюції на засадах античних та християнських цінностей.В статье исследуется традиционная проблема института повторного брака в контексте его эволюции на принципах античных и христианских ценностей.In the article the traditional problem of institute of the deuterogamy is probed in the context of its evolution on principles of ancient and christian values

What is a crystal?

Almost 25 years have passed since Shechtman discovered quasicrystals, and 15 years since the Commission on Aperiodic Crystals of the International Union of Crystallography put forth a provisional definition of the term crystal to mean ``any solid having an essentially discrete diffraction diagram.'' Have we learned enough about crystallinity in the last 25 years, or do we need more time to explore additional physical systems? There is much confusion and contradiction in the literature in using the term crystal. Are we ready now to propose a permanent definition for crystal to be used by all? I argue that time has come to put a sense of order in all the confusion.Comment: Submitted to Zeitschrift fuer Kristallographi

The f-vector of the descent polytope

For a positive integer n and a subset S of [n-1], the descent polytope DP_S is the set of points x_1, ..., x_n in the n-dimensional unit cube [0,1]^n such that x_i >= x_{i+1} for i in S and x_i <= x_{i+1} otherwise. First, we express the f-vector of DP_S as a sum over all subsets of [n-1]. Second, we use certain factorizations of the associated word over a two-letter alphabet to describe the f-vector. We show that the f-vector is maximized when the set S is the alternating set {1,3,5, ...}. We derive a generating function for the f-polynomial F_S(t) of DP_S, written as a formal power series in two non-commuting variables with coefficients in Z[t]. We also obtain the generating function for the Ehrhart polynomials of the descent polytopes.Comment: 14 pages; to appear in Discrete & Computational Geometr

Introduction: Ideologies of Youth

In a number of countries in Africa, such as Uganda and Kenya, national publics have been discussing whether citizens of age 50 or even 60 should be regarded as &lsquo;youth&rsquo;. Under the current dispensation of donor funding, relief programmes and international aid, these discussions have made the &lsquo;youth&rsquo; the major beneficiary of what these policies offer and imply. There is a general feeling, however, that these policies should target all age groups in their youth-oriented programmes. If the donorideology prescribes youthfulness for societal and developmental relevance, it will then dictate practice. This is just one example of what this special issue will address in an attempt to explore what we see as an emerging development in Africa and beyond: the rise of youth as an ideology. Whereas Africa has witnessed the rise of a fast-growing study of youth as a phenomenon and as a concept, the aspect of youth as ideology has, so far, not been elaborated on

Finite-lattice expansion for Ising models on quasiperiodic tilings

Low-temperature series are calculated for the free energy, magnetisation, susceptibility and field-derivatives of the susceptibility in the Ising model on the quasiperiodic Penrose lattice. The series are computed to order 20 and estimates of the critical exponents alpha, beta and gamma are obtained from Pade approximants.Comment: 16 pages, REVTeX, 26 postscript figure

Critical temperature of a fully anisotropic three-dimensional Ising model

The critical temperature of a three-dimensional Ising model on a simple cubic lattice with different coupling strengths along all three spatial directions is calculated via the transfer matrix method and a finite size scaling for L x L oo clusters (L=2 and 3). The results obtained are compared with available calculations. An exact analytical solution is found for the 2 x 2 oo Ising chain with fully anisotropic interactions (arbitrary J_x, J_y and J_z).Comment: 17 pages in tex using preprint.sty for IOP journals, no figure

Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron Microscopy as a Tool for Structural and Compositional Analysis of Isolated Ferritin Particles

Structural and compositional analysis of isolated horse-spleen ferritin particles was performed by energy filtering transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM). Ferritin particles were collected in ultrathin (2 nm thick) chromium films and analyzed without any additional stain by electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) for iron and carbon and by electron-spectroscopic imaging (ESI) for carbon. The ultrastructure of the proteinaceous shell of the ferritin particle, as obtained by the carbon net-intensity electron spectroscopical and carbon concentration-distribution images, was qualitatively compared to the structure as acquired by a negative-staining procedure. Quantitative analysis of the number of carbon atoms in the ferritin-shell proteins was carried out through an ESI-acquisition protocol and processing procedure with calibrated attenuation filters in the optical path to the TV camera. This procedure included images acquired with calibrated attenuation filters for the compensation of shading and the non-linear performance of the TV camera used in the analytical part of the procedure. A new ESI-Spectra program is proposed that allows element-related spectra to be generated at any place and with any frame size in a contrast-sensitive or other type of image present on the computer monitor screen

On FPL configurations with four sets of nested arches

The problem of counting the number of Fully Packed Loop (FPL) configurations with four sets of a,b,c,d nested arches is addressed. It is shown that it may be expressed as the problem of enumeration of tilings of a domain of the triangular lattice with a conic singularity. After reexpression in terms of non-intersecting lines, the Lindstr\"om-Gessel-Viennot theorem leads to a formula as a sum of determinants. This is made quite explicit when min(a,b,c,d)=1 or 2. We also find a compact determinant formula which generates the numbers of configurations with b=d.Comment: 22 pages, TeX, 16 figures; a new formula for a generating function adde

Individual Physiological Adaptations Enable Selected Bacterial Taxa To Prevail during Long-Term Incubations

Enclosure experiments are frequently used to investigate the impact of changing environmental conditions on microbial assemblages. Yet, how the incuba- tion itself challenges complex bacterial communities is thus far unknown. In this study, metaproteomic profiling, 16S rRNA gene analyses, and cell counts were com- bined to evaluate bacterial communities derived from marine, mesohaline, and oli- gohaline conditions after long-term batch incubations. Early in the experiment, the three bacterial communities were highly diverse and differed significantly in their compositions. Manipulation of the enclosures with terrigenous dissolved organic car- bon resulted in notable differences compared to the control enclosures at this early phase of the experiment. However, after 55 days, bacterial communities in the ma- nipulated and the control enclosures under marine and mesohaline conditions were all dominated by gammaproteobacterium Spongiibacter. In the oligohaline enclo- sures, actinobacterial cluster I of the hgc group (hgc-I) remained abundant in the late phase of the incubation. Metaproteome analyses suggested that the ability to use outer membrane-based internal energy stores, in addition to the previously de- scribed grazing resistance, may enable the gammaproteobacterium Spongiibacter to prevail in long-time incubations. Under oligohaline conditions, the utilization of ex- ternal recalcitrant carbon appeared to be more important (hgc-I). Enclosure experi- ments with complex natural microbial communities are important tools to investi- gate the effects of manipulations. However, species-specific properties, such as individual carbon storage strategies, can cause manipulation-independent effects and need to be considered when interpreting results from enclosures.This study was financially supported by the SAW-funded ATKiM project, which provided funds to D. P. R. Herlemann, C. Meeske, K. Jürgens, S. Markert, and T. Schweder. D. P. R. Herlemann was also supported by the European Regional Develop- ment Fund/Estonian Research Council funded Mobilitas Plus Top Researcher grant MOBTT24. We thank the crew and captain of the RV Meteor (M86, M87) for support during the research cruise. The computations were performed on resources provided by the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at the PDC Centre for High Performance Computing (PDC-HPC) and Uppsala Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Computational Science (UPPMAX). We thank Jana Matulla for excellent technical assis- tance and Stephan Fuchs for his help and advice in MS database construction. We also thank Stefan E. Heiden for valuable help with the CDD BLAST analyses.This study was financially supported by the SAW-funded ATKiM project, which provided funds to D. P. R. Herlemann, C. Meeske, K. Jürgens, S. Markert, and T. Schweder. D. P. R. Herlemann was also supported by the European Regional Develop- ment Fund/Estonian Research Council funded Mobilitas Plus Top Researcher grant MOBTT24. We thank the crew and captain of the RV Meteor (M86, M87) for support during the research cruise. The computations were performed on resources provided by the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at the PDC Centre for High Performance Computing (PDC-HPC) and Uppsala Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Computational Science (UPPMAX). We thank Jana Matulla for excellent technical assis- tance and Stephan Fuchs for his help and advice in MS database construction. We also thank Stefan E. Heiden for valuable help with the CDD BLAST analyses