A Method of Areas for Manipulating the Entanglement Properties of One Copy of a Two-Particle Pure State

We consider the problem of how to manipulate the entanglement properties of a general two-particle pure state, shared between Alice and Bob, by using only local operations at each end and classical communication between Alice and Bob. A method is developed in which this type of problem is found to be equivalent to a problem involving the cutting and pasting of certain shapes along with a certain colouring problem. We consider two problems. Firstly we find the most general way of manipulating the state to obtain maximally entangled states. After such a manipulation the entangled state |11>+|22>+....|mm> is obtained with probability p_m. We obtain an expression for the optimal average entanglement. Also, some results of Lo and Popescu pertaining to this problem are given simple geometric proofs. Secondly, we consider how to manipulate one two particle entangled pure state to another with certainty. We derive Nielsen's theorem (which states the necessary and sufficient condition for this to be possible) using the method of areas.Comment: 29 pages, 9 figures. Section 2.4 clarified. Error in second colouring theorem (section 3.2) corrected. Some other minor change

Application of a flight test and data analysis technique to flutter of a drone aircraft

Modal identification results presented were obtained from recent flight flutter tests of a drone vehicle with a research wing (DAST ARW-1 for Drones for Aerodynamic and Structural Testing, Aeroelastic Research Wing-1). This vehicle is equipped with an active flutter suppression system (FSS). Frequency and damping of several modes are determined by a time domain modal analysis of the impulse response function obtained by Fourier transformations of data from fast swept sine wave excitation by the FSS control surface on the wing. Flutter points are determined for two different altitudes with the FSS off. Data are given for near the flutter boundary with the FSS on

Emergent Run-and-Tumble Behavior in a Simple Model of Chlamydomonas with Intrinsic Noise

Recent experiments on the green alga Chlamydomonas that swims using synchronized beating of a pair of flagella have revealed that it exhibits a run-and-tumble behavior similar to that of bacteria such as E. Coli. Using a simple purely hydrodynamic model that incorporates a stroke cycle and an intrinsic Gaussian white noise, we show that a stochastic run-and-tumble behavior could emerge, due to the nonlinearity of the combined synchronization-rotation-translation dynamics. This suggests the intriguing possibility that the alga might exploit nonlinear mechanics---as opposed to sophisticated biochemical circuitry as used by bacteria---to control its behavior.Comment: 5 pages, 2 composite figures (made of 12 separate EPS files

Entangled Mixed States and Local Purification

Linden, Massar and Popescu have recently given an optimization argument to show that a single two-qubit Werner state, or any other mixture of the maximally entangled Bell states, cannot be purified by local operations and classical communications. We generalise their result and give a simple explanation. In particular, we show that no purification scheme using local operations and classical communications can produce a pure singlet from any mixed state of two spin-1/2 particles. More generally, no such scheme can produce a maximally entangled state of any pair of finite-dimensional systems from a generic mixed state. We also show that the Werner states belong to a large class of states whose fidelity cannot be increased by such a scheme.Comment: 3 pages, Latex with Revtex. Small clarifications and reference adde

Entanglement and Collective Quantum Operations

We show how shared entanglement, together with classical communication and local quantum operations, can be used to perform an arbitrary collective quantum operation upon N spatially-separated qubits. A simple teleportation-based protocol for achieving this, which requires 2(N-1) ebits of shared, bipartite entanglement and 4(N-1) classical bits, is proposed. In terms of the total required entanglement, this protocol is shown to be optimal for even N in both the asymptotic limit and for `one-shot' applications

Thermodynamics and the Measure of Entanglement

We point out formal correspondences between thermodynamics and entanglement. By applying them to previous work, we show that entropy of entanglement is the unique measure of entanglement for pure states.Comment: 8 pages, RevTeX; edited for clarity, additional references, to appear as a Rapid Communication in Phys. Rev.

Entanglement of pure states for a single copy

An optimal local conversion strategy between any two pure states of a bipartite system is presented. It is optimal in that the probability of success is the largest achievable if the parties which share the system, and which can communicate classically, are only allowed to act locally on it. The study of optimal local conversions sheds some light on the entanglement of a single copy of a pure state. We propose a quantification of such an entanglement by means of a finite minimal set of new measures from which the optimal probability of conversion follows.Comment: Revtex, 4 pages, no figures. Minor changes. Appendix remove

Handbook of noise ratings

Handbook announced in Tech Brief is compendium of information describing multifarious noise methods now in use. Reference material gives user better access to definitions, application, and calculation procedures of current noise rating methods

Curve fitting of aeroelastic transient response data with exponential functions

The extraction of frequency, damping, amplitude, and phase information from unforced transient response data is considered. These quantities are obtained from the parameters determined by fitting the digitized time-history data in a least-squares sense with complex exponential functions. The highlights of the method are described, and the results of several test cases are presented. The effects of noise are considered both by using analytical examples with random noise and by estimating the standard deviation of the parameters from maximum-likelihood theory