718 research outputs found
Legal and Extra-Legal Determinants of Detention Sentences in a Juvenile Court: A Research Note
A major limitation of research concerning juvenile detention commitments is the over-riding focus on pre-adjudicatory detention. This period of confinement applies only to youths held in secure custody pending court appearance. The purpose of this investigation was tp broaden the understanding of detention by focusing on post-adjudicatory detention commitment, which is a court sentence, and the factors influencing the decision. Data were derived from the records of a random sample of 394 youths processed by a juvenile court between 1990 and 1991. Preliminary results show that a combination of legal and extra-Iegal factors play a significant role in post-adjudicatory detention decisions. The implications of these findings are explored
Demystifying ecological connectivity for actionable spatial conservation planning
There is a disconnect between global high-level conservation goals and on-the-ground actions such as maintaining ecosystem services or persistence and local planning of protected areas.
Dynamic processes such as ecological connectivity underpin species persistence and ecosystem resilience but are difficult to represent in mathematical spatial planning problems for protected areas.
Quantitative and SMART (specific â measurable â action-oriented â realistic â time-bound) conservation objectives can provide a link between high-level conservation goals and local or regional design and implementation of functionally connected protected area networks.
With current implementation gaps of protected area commitments and increasing climate change threats, there is tremendous opportunity to use quantifiable objectives for ecological connectivity as a vehicle to future-proof protected area networks to help achieve global conservation goals.
Connectivity underpins the persistence of life; it needs to inform biodiversity conservation decisions. Yet, when prioritising conservation areas and developing actions, connectivity is not being operationalised in spatial planning. The challenge is the translation of flows associated with connectivity into conservation objectives that lead to actions. Connectivity is nebulous, it can be abstract and mean different things to different people, making it difficult to include in conservation problems. Here, we show how connectivity can be included in mathematically defining conservation planning objectives. We provide a path forward for linking connectivity to high-level conservation goals, such as increasing speciesâ persistence. We propose ways to design spatial management areas that gain biodiversity benefit from connectivity
Molecular ecology meets systematic conservation planning
Integrative and proactive conservation approaches are critical to the long-term persistence of biodiversity. Molecular data can provide important information on evolutionary processes necessary for conserving multiple levels of biodiversity (genes, populations, species, and ecosystems). However, molecular data are rarely used to guide spatial conservation decision-making. Here, we bridge the fields of molecular ecology (ME) and systematic conservation planning (SCP) (the âwhyâ) to build a foundation for the inclusion of molecular data into spatial conservation planning tools (the âhowâ), and provide a practical guide for implementing this integrative approach for both conservation planners and molecular ecologists. The proposed framework enhances interdisciplinary capacity, which is crucial to achieving the ambitious global conservation goals envisioned for the next decade
Adjoint bulk scalars and supersymmetric unification in the presence of extra dimensions
There are several advantages of introducing adjoint superfields at
intermediate energies around GeV. Such as (i) gauge couplings still
unify (ii) neutrino masses and mixings are produced (iii) primordial lepton
asymmetry can be produced. We point out that if adjoint scalars have bulk
excitations along with gauge bosons whereas fermions and the doublet scalar
live on boundary then N=2 supersymmetric beta functions vanish.
Thus even if extra dimensions open up at an intermediate scale and all
N=2 Yang-Mills fields as well as N=2 matter fields in the adjoint
representation propagate in the bulk, still gauge couplings renormalize beyond
just like they do in 4-dimensions with adjoint scalars. Consequently
unification is achieved in the presence to extra dimensions, mass scales are
determined uniquely via Renormalization Group Equations(RGE) and unification
scale remains high enough to suppress proton decay. This scenario can be
falsified if we get signatures of extra dimensions at low energy.Comment: New references added. This version will appear in Phys. Rev.
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