When seeing is more than looking:Intentional gaze modulates object desirability

Objects in the environment have a perceived value that can be changed through social influence. A subtle way to influence object evaluation is through eye gaze: Objects looked at by others are perceived as more likable than objects that are not looked at. In 3 experiments, we directly tested the hypothesis that this liking effect depends on the processing of the intentional relation between other's eye gaze and the object being looked at. To this end, we used a novel paradigm in which participants observed a face looking left or right behind an opaque barrier. Under all tested conditions, we found a gaze cueing effect on attention: Looked-at objects were categorized faster than looked-away objects. In contrast, observed gaze only led to a boost in affective evaluation for the target object when observers had the impression that the face could see the object behind the barrier, but not when observers had the impression that the face could not see the object. These findings indicate that observers make a sophisticated use of social gaze cues in the affective evaluation of objects: Objects looked at by others are liked more than objects looked away but only when others can see the objects

Geoquímica y sistemática isotópica de rocas metamórficas del Paleozoico inferior. Noroeste de Argentina y Norte de Chile (21°-27° S)

Más del 95% de los afloramientos del basamento metamórfico del Paleozoico inferior en el Noroeste de A rgentina y Norte de Chile están compuestos por rocas félsicas. Los contenidos de elementos mayores, trazas y las composiciones isotópicas de Pb, Rb-Sr y Sm-Nd son típicos de las rocas que conforman la corteza superior. Las edades modelos Sm-Nd de las rocas estudiadas son de ca 1.8 Ga. Estas rocas han sido afectadas por un evento principal de metamorfismo del Paleozoico temprano (ca. 500 Ma). Se considera que el reciclado de la corteza, con un importante evento de metamorfismo durante el Paleozoico temprano, es el proceso dominante en la generación de muchos de los magmas con composiciones graníticas originados desde el Paleozoico temprano hasta el Reciente. Las espesas secuencias sedimentarias ordovícicas son derivadas también de esa misma corteza en común. Los xenolitos félsicos de la corteza inferior extraídos por el magmatismo perteneciente al sistema del Rift Salta, son muy similares composicionalmente al basamento del Paleozoico inferior. Se estima que la composición de la corteza desde la parte superior hasta la inferior sería principalmente félsica. Las rocas máficas tienen muy poco volumen y forman principalmente diques. Sus edades modelos Sm-Nd revelan dos grupos, uno con edades de ca 1.8 Ga y otro con edades de ca £ 1.0 Ga No ha sido posible realizar una interpretación ajustada del ambiente geodinámico en donde se ha desarrollado este magmatismo básico.Felsic rocks comprise more than 95% of the outcropping Early Paleozoic metamorphic basement. Their major and trace element contents and Pb, Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotope compositions are typical for upper crustal rocks. Sm-Nd model ages are ca 1.8 Ga. The principal ages of high-grade metamorphism is Early Paleozoic (ca 500 Ma). Recycling of this crust is the dominating process in the formation of granitoid magmatic rocks from Early Paleozoic to Recent. Ordovician sediments are also derivates of this crust. Felsic lower crustal xenoliths from the Salta Rift system are compositionally very similar compared to the early Paleozoic basement. The crustal composition from top to the bottom seems mainly felsic. Early Paleozoic mafic rocks are of minor volume and form mainly dikes. Their Sm-Nd model ages reveal two groups; one with ages of ca 1.8 Ga another with ages of £ 1.0 Ga. A meaningful interpretation of their geodynamic setting is not possible

Understanding joint action: Current theoretical and empirical approaches

Joint actions are omnipresent, ranging from a handshake between two people to the coordination of groups of people playing in an orchestra. We are highly skilled at coordinating our actions with those of others to reach common goals and rely on this ability throughout our daily lives. What are the social, cognitive and neural processes underlying this ability? How do others around us influence our task representations? How does joint action influence interpersonal interactions? How do language and gesture support joint action? What differentiates joint action from individual action? This article forms an introductory editorial to the field of joint action. It accompanies contributions to the special issue entitled "Current Issues in Joint Action Research". The issue brings together conceptual and empirical approaches on different topics, ranging from lower-level issues such as the link between perception and joint action, to higher-level issues such as language as a form of joint action

Descripción geoquímica y geocronológica de secuencias volcánicas neógenas de Trasarco, en el extremo oriental de la Cadena Volcánica Transversal del Quevar (Noroeste de Argentina)

New geochronological data (34) and 39 new geochemical analyses have been made in the Neogene backarc volcanic sequences in the “El Quevar Transversal Volcanic Chain” defined by Viramonte et al (1984a). This chain starts at the present N-S arc with WNW-ESE trend. New volcanic centres have been recognised and analysed at the eastern end of this chain. The different pulses from each volcanic centre (Aguas Calientes, Acay, El Morro - Organullo and Tocomar) are petrographically and geochemically homogeneous. This suggests that the magma chambers related in each volcano, were geochemically homogeneous and did not have crystal enriched sectors. The Acay eruptive centre is an exception of this assumption; a compositionally differentiated magmatic chamber could be inferred. The isotopic composition of the Aguas Calientes emission centre has a crust signature in its origin, related with melts generated by crustal fussion. The geochronological determinations show volcanic pulses at 17-19 Ma, 13-12 Ma, 10 Ma, 7-6 Ma, 1-0.5 Ma in this region of the Central Andes

Descripción geoquímica y geocronológica de secuencias volcánicas neógenas de Trasarco, en el extremo oriental de la Cadena Volcánica Transversal del Quevar (Noroeste de Argentina)

Se realizaron 34 nuevas dataciones K/Ar y 39 análisis geoquímicos de elementos mayoritarios, trazas y tierras raras, que implican nuevas aportaciones sobre las secuencias volcánicas neógenas de trasarco pertenecientes a la cadena volcánica transversal del Quevar. Esta cadena volcánica parte del arco volcánico actual con dirección W N W-ESE hasta las cercanías de la localidad de San Antonio de los Cobres. Se han reconocido y estudiado centros volcánicos ubicados en el extremo oriental de la misma. Los diferentes pulsos detectados en cada uno de estos centros (Aguas Calientes, Acay, El Morro-Orrganullo y Tocomar) son geoquímica y petrogr á ficamente homogéneos. Se interpreta que las cámaras magmáticas involucradas no han estado estratificadas composicionalmente ni han tenido sectores enriquecidos en cristales. Como excepción, el centro eruptivo Acay muestra un rango composicional desde términos andesíticos a riolíticos. En este caso, se interpreta un fraccionamiento de la cámara magmática en pulsos de edad similar. La composición isotópica del centro eruptivo Aguas Calientes indica una fuerte componente cortical en la formación de los magmas. Es posible explicar su origen a partir de fusión cortical. Las determinaciones geocronológicas realizadas muestran pulsos volcánicos a los 17-19 Ma, 13-12 Ma, 10 Ma, 7-6 Ma, 1-0.5 Ma en esta región de los Andes Centrales.New geochronological data (34) and 39 new geochemical analyses have been made in the Neogene backarc volcanic sequences in the “El Quevar Transversal Volcanic Chain” defined by Viramonte et al (1984a). This chain starts at the present N-S arc with WNW-ESE trend. New volcanic centres have been recognised and analysed at the eastern end of this chain. The different pulses from each volcanic centre (Aguas Calientes, Acay, El Morro - Organullo and Tocomar) are petrographically and geochemically homogeneous. This suggests that the magma chambers related in each volcano, were geochemically homogeneous and did not have crystal enriched sectors. The Acay eruptive centre is an exception of this assumption; a compositionally differentiated magmatic chamber could be inferred. The isotopic composition of the Aguas Calientes emission centre has a crust signature in its origin, related with melts generated by crustal fussion. The geochronological determinations show volcanic pulses at 17-19 Ma, 13-12 Ma, 10 Ma, 7-6 Ma, 1-0.5 Ma in this region of the Central Andes

One is not enough: Group size modulates social gaze-induced object desirability effects

Affective evaluations of objects are influenced by the preferences expressed by other people via their gaze direction, so that objects looked at are liked more than objects looked away from. But when can others' preferences be trusted? Here, we show that group size influences the extent to which individuals tend to conform to others' gaze preferences. We adopted the conventional gaze-cuing paradigm and modified the design in such a way that some objects were consistently cued by only one face (single-face condition), whereas other objects were consistently cued by several different faces (multiple-faces condition). While response time measures revealed equal gaze-cuing effects for both conditions, a boost in affective evaluation was observed only for objects looked at by several different faces. Objects looked at by a single face were not rated differently than objects looked away from. These findings suggest that observers make use of group size to evaluate the generalizability of the epistemic information conveyed by others' gaze: Objects looked at are liked more than objects looked away from, but only when they are looked at by multiple faces

The energy center initiative at politecnico di torino: practical experiences on energy efficiency measures in the municipality of torino

Urban districts should evolve towards a more sustainable infrastructure and greener energy carriers. The utmost challenge is the smart integration and control, within the existing infrastructure, of new information and energy technologies (such as sensors, appliances, electric and thermal power and storage devices) that are able to provide multi-services based on multi-actors and multi and interchangeable energy carriers. In recent years, the Municipality of Torino represents an experimental scenario, in which practical experiences in the below-areas have taken place through a number of projects: 1. energy efficiency in building; 2. smart energy grids management and smart metering; 3. biowaste-to-energy: mixed urban/industrial waste management with enhanced energy recovery from biogas. This work provides an overview and update on the most interesting initiatives of smart energy management in the urban context of Torino, with an analysis and quantification of the advantages gained in terms of energy and environmental efficiency

Preliminary data on the structure and potential of the Tocomar geothermal field (Puna plateau, Argentina).

AbstractThis study presents new stratigraphic, structural and hydrogeological data on the Tocomar geothermal volcanic area (Puna plateau, Central Andes, NW Argentina), together with preliminary geochemical and magnetotelluric data.The main geothermal reservoir is located within the fractured Pre-Palaeozoic–Ordovician units. The reservoir is recharged by meteoric waters. Geothermal fluids upwell where main regional structures intersect secondary structures associated with the development of the Tocomar basin. Preliminary data indicate a reservoir temperature of ∼ 200° C and a local geothermal gradient of ∼ 130° C/km associated with the Quaternary volcanic activity in the Tocomar area