Dual frequency receiver system for Mariner 1967 to Venus Final engineering report

Dual frequency receiver system for inclusion in Mariner 1967 spacecraft payload for use in measuring Venusian ionosphere and atmosphere by radio occultatio

A Self-Consistent Method for Estimating Non-Step Junction Doping Profiles from Capacitance-Voltage Measurements

ABSTRACT The use of the step-junction approximation for calculating the net doping density from C-V measurement data can lead to serious errors in the resulting profiles fpr sequentially diffused structures. Non-step junction behavior can be accounted for if the equation for the effective doping density is multiplied by a correction factor. Two approximate methods of estimating this correction factor are discussed in which the net ionized impurity density on the high side of the junction is assumed to change either linearly or exponentially with incremental changes in depletion layer depth. For both of these approximations, the net ionized impurity density on the low side is assumed to change parabolically. These net distributions of charge, which are iteratively determined in a self-consistent fashion, yield the best approximations for this functional form of the profile, according to the C-V measurements made on the junction. Comparisons between experimentally obtained doping profiles and profiles computed via the techniques described in this paper show good agreement

Design of an MgB₂race track coil for a wind generator pole demonstration

An MgB2 race track coil intended for demonstrating a down scaled pole of a 10 MW direct drive wind turbine generator has been designed. The coil consists of 10 double pancake coils stacked into a race track coil with a cross section of 84 mm x 80 mm. The length of the straight section is 0.5 m and the diameter of the end sections is 0.3 m. Expanded to a straight section of 3.1 m it will produce about 1.5 T magnetic flux density in the air gap of the 10 MW 32 pole generator and about 3.0 T at the edge of the superconducting coil with an operation current density of the coil of 70 A/mm2.Electrical Sustainable EnergyElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc

Dielectrophoresis-Driven Spreading of Immersed Liquid Droplets

In recent years electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) has become an effective tool to control partial wetting. EWOD uses the liquid−solid interface as part of a capacitive structure that allows capacitive and interfacial energies to adjust by changes in wetting when the liquid−solid interface is charged due to an applied voltage. An important aspect of EWOD has been its applications in micro fluidics in chemistry and biology and in optical devices and displays in physics and engineering. Many of these rely on the use of a liquid droplet immersed in a second liquid due to the need either for neutral buoyancy to overcome gravity and shield against impact shocks or to encapsulate the droplet for other reasons, such as in microfluidic-based DNA analyses. Recently, it has been shown that nonwetting oleophobic surfaces can be forcibly wetted by nonconducting oils using nonuniform electric fields and an interface-localized form of liquid dielectrophoresis (dielectrowetting). Here we show that this effect can be used to create films of oil immersed in a second immiscible fluid of lower permittivity. We predict that the square of the thickness of the film should obey a simple law dependent on the square of the applied voltage and with strength dependent on the ratio of difference in permittivity to the liquid-fluid interfacial tension, Δε/γLF. This relationship is experimentally confirmed for 11 liquid−air and liquid−liquid combinations with Δε/γLF having a span of more than two orders of magnitude. We therefore provide fundamental understanding of dielectrowetting for liquid-in-liquid systems and also open up a new method to determine liquid−liquid interfacial tensions

Political devolution and employment relations in Great Britain: the case of the Living Wage

This article examines the role of the devolved governments of Scotland and Wales in promoting the voluntary Living Wage. It shows that active promotion of the Living Wage standard has emerged in both countries from a broader commitment to an economic policy of ‘inclusive growth’. Employment law is not a devolved matter, and the article identifies a broad range of economic incentives and soft forms of regulation that have been used by the devolved governments to promote the Living Wage in the absence of hard power to legislate. Non‐legislative forms of state intervention are often regarded sceptically, but the article shows that the attempts of devolved governments to spread the Living Wage have been impactful, particularly in Scotland

Who determines the ideal body? A Summary of Research Findings on Body Image

The globalization of media have paved way for Print and television advertisements to use images of thin female bodies to sell products and these advertisements are viewed by women all over the world. Through the media we are constantly bombarded with the western images of beautiful women and perfect bodies. Many surveys have proved the fact that men and women feel negative about their body image not only in the west but also in other parts of the world and the feminist scholars have tended that one should try to view the portrayal of idealized body image critically . In this connection, this paper, through a survey of relevant literature on body image, attempts to understand the following: 1) The concept of body image 2) Various determinants that idealize a woman’s body and define beauty standards 3) Influence of media on the body image of women 4) How the various determinants are interwoven targeting women, making them vulnerable to the idealized images. Keywords: Body image, Determinants, Medi

Fitting censored quantile regression by variable neighborhood search

Quantile regression is an increasingly important topic in statistical analysis. However, fitting censored quantile regression is hard to solve numerically because the objective function to be minimized is not convex nor concave in regressors. Performance of standard methods is not satisfactory, particularly if a high degree of censoring is present. The usual approach is to simplify (linearize) estimator function, and to show theoretically that such approximation converges to optimal values. In this paper, we suggest a new approach, to solve optimization problem (nonlinear, nonconvex, and nondifferentiable) directly. Our method is based on variable neighborhood search approach, a recent successful technique for solving global optimization problems. The presented results indicate that our method can improve quality of censored quantizing regressors estimator considerably