INVESTIGATION ON MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS ON LEAF, POD AND SEED OF LOCAL BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) POPULATIONS IN MACEDONIA

In this research there were analyzed forty-four (44) local bean populations from ssp.nanus (dwarf), sown on open field in randomized complete block design during 2008 at Institute of Agriculture, Skopje. Tested varieties were compared with two Slovenian varieties used as check variety. The objective was to identify some morphological parameters on leaf, pod and seed of these bean populations. The whole examined material was collected from eastern part of Macedonia from Malesregion, precisely from Pehchevo. Characterization and the determination of genetic variability were described according to the list of descriptors for beans of the International Commission on Genetic Resources– IBPGR (International Board for Plant Genetic Resources). Generally, all tested varieties showed differences in terms of the examined traits. Approximately half of the analyzed populations had a green leaf with a triangular shape and rare fibrous. The average values for length/ width of leaf range from 7.02-11.17cm and 4.59-8.16cm. The length and width traits of the leaf showed relatively low variability from 12.72% to 13%. In the analyzed collection the most of the landraces had a green color of pod, curved legumes, with round-oval and pear-shaped cross-section.&nbsp

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND YIELD OF CARROT (DAUCUS CAROTA L.) GROWN WITH APPLICATION OF MICROBIOLOGICAL FERTILIZERS

Sustainable and organic production systems in which the application of synthetic products are partially or completely excluded are becoming increasingly popular and are opening more opportunities for usage of microbiological fertilizers. Therefore this research is aimed at determining the impact of two types of microbial fertilizers on the morphological characteristics and the yield of carrot,to test the possibility for their extensive use.Experiment was set on open field in the area of the village Jurumleri, Skopje, during 2013. As research material was used carrot (Daucus carota L.), hybrid Maestro. The variants were set according to the type of microbiological fertilizer: Ø control - not applied microbiological fertilizer, variant 1 - treatment with microbiological fertilizer Micro - I Vita containing several groups of azotobacter, nitrifying microorganisms and phosphor-soluble microorganisms; variant 2 - treatment with microbiological fertilizer Micro - Vita II containing azotobacter, nitrifying microorganisms, phosphor-soluble microorganisms and iron.From the morphological characteristics were measured the weight of whole plant,which ranged from 73,17 g in the control to 84,00 gin variant 1,root weight,which ranged from 63,83 g in the control to 74,67 g in variant 1, lengthwhich ranged from 17,69 cm in the control to 18,28 cmin variant 1, widthwhich ranged from 2,22 cm in the control to 2,39 cm in variant 1 and index of the rootwhich ranged from 7,65 in variant 1to 7,99 gin the control. According to the results statistically significant differenceswere determined between the variants in weight of whole plant and rootweight. The highest yield was obtained in variant 1from 53,77 t/ha, in variant 2 the yield was 46,32 t/ha, while the lowest yield was obtained in the control from 45,96 t/ha. Also statistically significant difference was determined in the yield between the variants

POSSIBLE DEVELOPMENTS ISSUES IN ORGANIC VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN R. OF MACEDONIA

Due to the presence of rural regions clean from industry and pollution, the usage of own inputs in the crop production, Republic of Macedonia has favorable pre-conditions for development of organic agriculture. Аs a result of that the certified area under organic production increased from 226 ha in 2005 to 3239.88 ha in 2016, while the number of farms from 50 increased to 562, for the same period. But despite satisfactory conditions for the development and increase of the organic production in RM, very experienced vegetable growers with long tradition of cultivating several crops there are still a number of issues that obstruct its development and need careful attention and effort by all stakeholders in the process of organic production in order to overcome them. Among these limitations primarily are included: lack of organic seeds and other inputs, lack of machines forcultivation of the soil, lack of markets for selling the products, inappropriate application of agrotechnical measures (cultivation, crop rotation, plant protection, fertilizing, irrigation, harvest), disconnection of farmers in rural areas, poor infrastructure to the city markets, failure to meet market and consumer requirements regarding quality, quantity and continuous supply of organic plant products, lack of information for the new technology in the organic production, inadequate transportation, lack of storage facilities and very important package, economic crisis, etc. Although some of the plant protection products and fertilizers for organic production are present on the market, the reproductive material (seeds) still remains to be the largest constrain for organic vegetable production. These limitations are probably the reason for low participation of organicvegetable production in the overall organic scheme. In 2016 there are only 93.17 ha (in conversion and organic), that is only 2.87% of the total organic production. As future steps for accelerating the development of organic production in Macedonia must be considered: connecting of the farmers that have a common interest in associations, cooperatives, in order to supply cheaper input materials, group certification, support of trainings, information technology and so on

First record of carbonates with spherulites and cone-in-cone structures from the Precambrian of Arctic Norway, and their palaeoenvironmental significance

Accepted manuscript version, licensed CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. We report for the first time carbonates from the upper Ediacaran sedimentary succession of Finnmark, Arctic Norway. Carbonates occur as calcareous siliciclastic beds, lenses, and concretions, some with calcite spherulites and cone-in-cone (CIC) calcite, in a mudrock to fine-grained sandstone succession from approximately 3 m to 26 m above the base of the 2nd cycle of the Manndrapselva Member of the Stáhpogieddi Formation (Vestertana Group). They occur c. 40 m below the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary, which is well defined by trace fossils. Thin-section petrography and scanning micro X-ray fluorescence elemental mapping reveal a layered composition of the calcareous sedimentary rocks. In some of those, well-developed nested cones of CIC calcite form the outer layer. Thin clay coatings outline individual cones. The inner layers are composed of (1) carbonate with calcite spherulites (grainstone) and (2) thinly laminated fine-grained calcareous siliciclastics (mudstone and wackestone) indicated by elevated concentrations of Al, Si, Fe, and Ti. The inner siliciclastic layers contain framboidal pyrite and probably organic matter. Formation of calcite spherulites took place probably at the sediment–water interface either in a coastal littoral environment or in situ in the sublittoral zone under high alkaline conditions whereas CIC calcite formed during burial diagenesis and clearly in pre-Caledonian time before metamorphism and cleavage formation. This new record of carbonates with calcite spherulites and CIC structures from the Ediacaran of Arctic Norway adds to their rare occurrences in the geological record

Distribution and correlation of Sabellidites cambriensis (Annelida?) in the basal Cambrian on Baltica

Sabellidites cambriensis is a tubular non-mineralized metazoan that appears as compressed ribbon-shaped imprints with transverse wrinkling, thick walls and an even tube diameter of up to 3 mm. The distribution of Sabellidites is investigated in three Ediacaran–Cambrian sections on the Digermulen Peninsula in Arctic Norway, spanning the Manndrapselva Member of the Stáhpogieddi Formation and the lower member of the Breidvika Formation. Here, the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary is located in the lower part of the upper parasequence (third cycle) of the Manndrapselva Member. Specimens of Sabellidites are rare but consistently present close to the lowest level of Treptichnus pedum and upsection, whereas the taxon is common and abundant in the lower part of the lower member of the Breidvika Formation, with an upper record at c. 55 m above the base. The range is comparable with that of the GSSP section in Newfoundland, Canada, establishing Sabellidites as an index fossil for the lowermost Cambrian. In the Manndrapselva Member, Sabellidites co-occurs with the acritarch Granomarginata, indicative of the lowermost Cambrian Granomarginata Zone, whereas in the Breidvika Formation it co-occurs with Asteridium. Sabellidites is widely distributed in Baltica, through the Rovnian and Lontovan regional stages but confined to the Fortunian global stage. In its lower range, Sabellidites is associated with a Treptichnus pedum trace fossil association and a depauperate leiosphaerid acritarch assemblage, followed by a Granomarginata assemblage. In its upper range, Sabellidites co-occurs with acritarchs of the Asteridium–Comasphaeridium Zone and the tubular foraminiferan Platysolenites. In Baltica, Sabellidites is a useful index fossil

A late Caledonian tectono-thermal event in the Gaissa Nappe Complex, Arctic Norway: evidence from fine-fraction K‒Ar dating and illite crystallinity from the Digermulen Peninsula

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in GFF on 03 Oct 2019, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2019.1583685.Fine-fraction K‒Ar dating and illite crystallinity determination were applied on a peculiar pale olive green shale sample from the upper Ediacaran Indreelva Member (Stáhpogieddi Formation, Vestertana Group, Gaissa Nappe Complex) of the Digermulen Peninsula in Finnmark, Arctic Norway, to constrain the age and metamorphic conditions of tectono-thermal overprint. The <2 and <0.2 µm grain-size fractions are almost purely illite and yielded an illite crystallinity (expressed as the Kübler index) of 0.215 Δ° 2θ and 0.228 ∆° 2θ and K‒Ar ages of 403.9 ± 4.2 and 391.5 ± 4.0 Ma, respectively. The K‒Ar ages are interpreted to present late-stage thermal overprint under low epizonal conditions along a localised shear zone, likely post-dating the peak of metamorphism and cleavage generation on the Digermulen Peninsula. Thus, a later tectono-metamorphic event related to the late stage of the Scandian orogeny is locally recorded in the Gaissa Nappe Complex of the Caledonides of Finnmark. This late Scandian event was probably caused by orogenic extensional collapse and appears to have extended at least into Mid-Devonian time

Implications of climate change for shipping: Ports and supply chains

Ports are an important economic actor—at local, national, and international scales—that have been identified as being vulnerable to future changes to the climate. This paper details the findings from an international review of state‐of‐the‐art knowledge concerning climate risks, and adaptation responses, for ports and their supply chains. Evidence from both academic and gray literature indicates that there has already been major damage and disruption to ports across the world from climate‐related hazards and that such impacts are projected to increase in the years and decades to come. Findings indicate that while a substantial—and growing—body of scientific evidence on coastal risks and potential adaptation options is acting as a stimulus for port authorities to explicitly consider the risks for their assets and operations, only a notable few have actually made the next step toward implementing adaptation strategies. This paper concludes by putting forward constructive recommendations for the sector and suggestions for research to address remaining knowledge gaps. It emphasizes a call for collaboration between the research and practice communities, as well as the need to engage a broad range of stakeholders in the adaptation planning process