DEVELOPMENT OF PASTERIZATION MODES FOR HIGH-SUGAR CANS IN CONTINUOUS ACTING PASTEURIZERS

High-sugar canned fruits, such as jam, marmalade, confiture, are characterized by a high content of soluble dry solids and high acidity, which allows to apply to them pasteurization processes as heat treatment. In comparison with sterilization processes, heat treatment of hermetically sealed canned food during pasteurization is implemented at temperatures less than 100°C.The article presents the results of the development of scientifically-based pasteurization modes for high-sugar canned food for industrial continuous-acting pasteurizers (CAP — continuous-acting pasteurizers) of open type with a temperature in the heating area less than 100°C. For today, such pasteurizers are widely spread due to the simplicity of their design, high productivity, with the option to reduce consumption of water, steam, electricity and to use it for the various types of packaging. So, the actual task of this article is the establishment of canned fruit pasteurization modes for such pasteurizers.The development of pasteurization modes for high-sugar canned food using strawberry jam as a sample was carried out in the experimental equipment simulating the operation of a continuous-acting pasteurizer. The studies were implemented to confirm that the developed modes of heat treatment in the CAP as a matter of fact provide industrial sterility of the produced high-sugar canned food. Optimal pasteurization modes have the following parameters: heat treatment in an autoclave sterilizer at a heating temperature of the heating medium 97°C and stage-by-stage cooling of the products with water at temperatures 70°C, 50°C and 30°C.High-sugar canned fruits, such as jam, marmalade, confiture, are characterized by a high content of soluble dry solids and high acidity, which allows to apply to them pasteurization processes as heat treatment. In comparison with sterilization processes, heat treatment of hermetically sealed canned food during pasteurization is implemented at temperatures less than 100°C.The article presents the results of the development of scientifically-based pasteurization modes for high-sugar canned food for industrial continuous-acting pasteurizers (CAP — continuous-acting pasteurizers) of open type with a temperature in the heating area less than 100°C. For today, such pasteurizers are widely spread due to the simplicity of their design, high productivity, with the option to reduce consumption of water, steam, electricity and to use it for the various types of packaging. So, the actual task of this article is the establishment of canned fruit pasteurization modes for such pasteurizers.The development of pasteurization modes for high-sugar canned food using strawberry jam as a sample was carried out in the experimental equipment simulating the operation of a continuous-acting pasteurizer. The studies were implemented to confirm that the developed modes of heat treatment in the CAP as a matter of fact provide industrial sterility of the produced high-sugar canned food. Optimal pasteurization modes have the following parameters: heat treatment in an autoclave sterilizer at a heating temperature of the heating medium 97°C and stage-by-stage cooling of the products with water at temperatures 70°C, 50°C and 30°C

Existence criteria for stabilization from the scaling behaviour of ionization probabilities

We provide a systematic derivation of the scaling behaviour of various quantities and establish in particular the scale invariance of the ionization probability. We discuss the gauge invariance of the scaling properties and the manner in which they can be exploited as consistency check in explicit analytical expressions, in perturbation theory, in the Kramers-Henneberger and Floquet approximation, in upper and lower bound estimates and fully numerical solutions of the time dependent Schroedinger equation. The scaling invariance leads to a differential equation which has to be satisfied by the ionization probability and which yields an alternative criterium for the existence of atomic bound state stabilization.Comment: 12 pages of Latex, one figur

The incarnation of the Nersesyan-Tsvelik model in (NO)[Cu(NO3)3]

The topology of the magnetic interactions of the copper spins in the nitrosonium nitratocuprate (NO)[Cu(NO3)3] suggests that it could be a realization of the Nersesyan-Tsvelik model, whose ground state was argued to be either a resonating valence bond (RVB) state or a valence bond crystal (VBC). The measurement of thermodynamic and resonant properties reveals a behavior inherent to low dimensional spin S = 1/2 systems and provides indeed no evidence for the formation of long-range magnetic order down to 1.8 K.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure

Comparison of the blood parameters with the chemical composition of the muscle tissue of meat-and-egg chicken

Basic blood and muscle tissue parameters have been analyzed in crossbred male Russian White and Cornish hens (♂, RW x CORN, n=95, slaughtered at 63 days of age). According to BW at slaughter, males (n=95) were divided into 3 groups (group 1–1,000–1,799 g, n=31; group 2–1,800–2,099 g, n=28; group 3–2,100–2,650 g, n=36). It has been found that with an increase in the live weight at slaughter, the ratio of albumin to globulin (p=0.038), aspartate aminotransferase (p=0.003) increased in the serum of birds; the levels of globulins (p=0.05), glucose (p=0.02), Ca (p=0.006), Mg (p=0.05) decreased. With increasing BW, the crude protein content in thigh muscle decreased (p=0.019) against a trend towards increasing moisture content in thigh meat (p=0.058). Comparative assessment of biochemical blood parameters of nitrogen, carbohydrate-lipid, mineral metabolism, antioxidant protection parameters, some clinical blood parameters (hematocrit, erythrocytes and hemoglobin) and chemical composition of the breast and thigh muscle tissue has been carried out. The analysis (Pearson correlation coefficients) has revealed patterns between the concentration of some blood metabolites and the composition of muscle tissue in males. Thus, the accumulation and analysis of data on resource genetic populations is of interest for science and practice in order to establish relationships between blood parameters and the quality of chicken products, as well as to identify biomarkers for predicting poultry productivity in vivo

High-pressure behavior of superconducting boron-doped diamond

This work investigates the high-pressure structure of freestanding superconducting ($T_{c}$ = 4.3\,K) boron doped diamond (BDD) and how it affects the electronic and vibrational properties using Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction in the 0-30\,GPa range. High-pressure Raman scattering experiments revealed an abrupt change in the linear pressure coefficients and the grain boundary components undergo an irreversible phase change at 14\,GPa. We show that the blue shift in the pressure-dependent vibrational modes correlates with the negative pressure coefficient of $T_{c}$ in BDD. The analysis of x-ray diffraction data determines the equation of state of the BDD film, revealing a high bulk modulus of $B_{0}$=510$\pm$28\,GPa. The comparative analysis of high-pressure data clarified that the sp$^{2}$ carbons in the grain boundaries transform into hexagonal diamond.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

Bjorken sum rule with analytic coupling at low Q2 values

The experimental data obtained for the polarized Bjorken sum rule \Gamma^{(p-n)}_1(Q^2) for small values of Q2 are approximated by the predictions obtained in the framework of analytic QCD up to the 5th order perturbation theory, whose coupling constant does not contain the Landau pole. We found an excellent agreement between the experimental data and the predictions of analytic QCD, as well as a strong difference between these data and the results obtained in the framework of standard QCD.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figur

Self-oscillations in rocks,results of laboratory experiments

The method of generation of self-oscillations in rocks is developed here. Self-oscillations arise as a result of direct and inverse mechanoelectric transformations without an external generator. Laboratory experiments were executed with different samples. A relation between self-oscillation parameters from samples humidity and direct electrical field applied to samples was detected

Magnetic properties of the low-dimensional spin-1/2 magnet \alpha-Cu_2As_2O_7

In this work we study the interplay between the crystal structure and magnetism of the pyroarsenate \alpha-Cu_2As_2O_7 by means of magnetization, heat capacity, electron spin resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance measurements as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations and quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations. The data reveal that the magnetic Cu-O chains in the crystal structure represent a realization of a quasi-one dimensional (1D) coupled alternating spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain model with relevant pathways through non-magnetic AsO_4 tetrahedra. Owing to residual 3D interactions antiferromagnetic long range ordering at T_N\simeq10K takes place. Application of external magnetic field B along the magnetically easy axis induces the transition to a spin-flop phase at B_{SF}~1.7T (2K). The experimental data suggest that substantial quantum spin fluctuations take place at low magnetic fields in the ordered state. DFT calculations confirm the quasi-one-dimensional nature of the spin lattice, with the leading coupling J_1 within the structural dimers. QMC fits to the magnetic susceptibility evaluate J_1=164K, the weaker intrachain coupling J'_1/J_1 = 0.55, and the effective interchain coupling J_{ic1}/J_1 = 0.20.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review

APPLICATION OF THE LONGITUDINAL CHROMATIC ABERRATION EFFECT FOR DISTANCES MEASUREMENT ON THE BASIS OF A SINGLE PHOTO

Subject of Research. We propose a method for measuring the distances to the surfaces of photographed objects based on the effect of longitudinal chromatic aberration. According to this effect, the focal length of lens depends on the wavelength of refracted light, thus the defocus of image formed by lens depends not only on the distance from image plane to lens, but also on the wavelength of light the picture was taken for (red, green or blue color ranges). Method. The proposed method of distance measurement is based on comparison of image defocus for different wavelengths (e.g., red and blue). The comparison is performed in the spatial frequency domain and is based on analysis of image complex spectrograms (the Fourier spectrum calculated locally within a window scanning the image).The distance to each point of photographed surface is calculated in closed form by the analysis of local spatial spectrum with the use of Gaussian model of point spread function. Main Results. The working capacity of distance measurement technique is partially verified on the basis of image defocus imitation by different displacement of objective lens with respect to sensor matrix of camera. The presented analysis of chromatic parameters of traditionally applied optical materials also proves the physical realizability of proposed technique. A technology is also proposed for distance measuring based on really differing image defocus in different color channels applying a special calibration of electro-optical system. Practical Relevance. The proposed distance measurement technique could be practically useful in the cases where any active illumination of objects being photographed is prohibited. It is also worth to be applied in the inexpensive low-sized optical measuring devices like Kinect for Xbox-360