8,019 research outputs found
No-horizon theorem for spacetimes with spacelike G1 isometry groups
We consider four-dimensional spacetimes which obey the
Einstein equations , and admit a global spacelike
isometry group. By means of dimensional reduction and local
analyis on the reduced (2+1) spacetime, we obtain a sufficient condition on
which guarantees that cannot contain apparent
horizons. Given any (3+1) spacetime with spacelike translational isometry, the
no-horizon condition can be readily tested without the need for dimensional
reduction. This provides thus a useful and encompassing apparent horizon test
for -symmetric spacetimes. We argue that this adds further evidence
towards the validity of the hoop conjecture, and signals possible violations of
strong cosmic censorship.Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX, uses IOP package; published in Class. Quantum Gra
Cosmic homogeneity: a spectroscopic and model-independent measurement
Cosmology relies on the Cosmological Principle, i.e., the hypothesis that the
Universe is homogeneous and isotropic on large scales. This implies in
particular that the counts of galaxies should approach a homogeneous scaling
with volume at sufficiently large scales. Testing homogeneity is crucial to
obtain a correct interpretation of the physical assumptions underlying the
current cosmic acceleration and structure formation of the Universe. In this
Letter, we use the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey to make the first
spectroscopic and model-independent measurements of the angular homogeneity
scale . Applying four statistical estimators, we show that the
angular distribution of galaxies in the range 0.46 < z < 0.62 is consistent
with homogeneity at large scales, and that varies with
redshift, indicating a smoother Universe in the past. These results are in
agreement with the foundations of the standard cosmological paradigm.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, Version accepted by MNRA
Experimental and theoretical evidences for the ice regime in planar artificial spin ices
In this work, we explore a kind of geometrical effect in the thermodynamics
of artificial spin ices (ASI). In general, such artificial materials are
athermal. Here, We demonstrate that geometrically driven dynamics in ASI can
open up the panorama of exploring distinct ground states and thermally magnetic
monopole excitations. It is shown that a particular ASI lattice will provide a
richer thermodynamics with nanomagnet spins experiencing less restriction to
flip precisely in a kind of rhombic lattice. This can be observed by analysis
of only three types of rectangular artificial spin ices (RASI). Denoting the
horizontal and vertical lattice spacings by a and b, respectively, then, a RASI
material can be described by its aspect ratio =a/b. The rhombic lattice
emerges when =. So, by comparing the impact of thermal
effects on the spin flips in these three appropriate different RASI arrays, it
is possible to find a system very close to the ice regime
Scaling limits of a tagged particle in the exclusion process with variable diffusion coefficient
We prove a law of large numbers and a central limit theorem for a tagged
particle in a symmetric simple exclusion process in the one-dimensional lattice
with variable diffusion coefficient. The scaling limits are obtained from a
similar result for the current through -1/2 for a zero-range process with bond
disorder. For the CLT, we prove convergence to a fractional Brownian motion of
Hurst exponent 1/4.Comment: 9 page
Strong curvature singularities in quasispherical asymptotically de Sitter dust collapse
We study the occurrence, visibility, and curvature strength of singularities
in dust-containing Szekeres spacetimes (which possess no Killing vectors) with
a positive cosmological constant. We find that such singularities can be
locally naked, Tipler strong, and develop from a non-zero-measure set of
regular initial data. When examined along timelike geodesics, the singularity's
curvature strength is found to be independent of the initial data.Comment: 16 pages, LaTeX, uses IOP package, 2 eps figures; accepted for
publication in Class. Quantum Gra
Tendências Seculares na Mortalidade por Doenças Cerebrovasculares em Portugal: 1902-2012
Introduction: Cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) are one of
the main causes of death in Portugal. Research on the epidemiologic history might help to understand the phenomenon
and guide intervention strategies. Objectives: (1) Describe historic trends in mortality. (2) Estimate the impact of demographic variations on the registered number of cases.
Methods: (1) We calculated rates, specific and standardized, for deaths registered as CVD (ICD-10: I60-I69, G45; ICD8/9: 430-438; ICD-6/7: 330-334) by sex (1902-2012) and by
sex and age groups (1913-2012). We used Join point analysis to identify statistically significant changes in standardized
death rates, and multivariate regression models, Poisson and
negative binomial, controlling for demographic dynamics and
time trend, from 1913 to 2012. (2) We calculated the contribution of demographic variations using the application RiskDiff.
(3) We evaluated if changes in coding rules might have been
a source of bias. Data source: National Institute of Statistics.
Results: (1) We gathered the longest and most discriminated mortality series from CVD in Portugal with data since the
beginning of nationwide collection. Mortality increases exponentially with age and is higher in men. (2) We observed significant variations in age-standardized time trends (1913-1933:
APC 2.0%; 1933-1955: APC -0.9%; 1955-1974: 2.9%; 1974-
1996: -2.4%; 1996-2012: -6.5%). (3) Population ageing exerted a significant pressure to increase the number of deaths,
particularly in the second half of the twentieth century. However, this effect was counterweighted by protective factors.
Conclusion: CVD mortality in Portugal is particularly expressive when compared to other European countries, although significant gains have been observed in the last decades. Population ageing combined with a transition between the morbid
and mortality dimensions changed the public health paradigm.Introdução: As doenças cerebrovasculares (DCV) são uma
das principais causas de morte em Portugal. O estudo da
história epidemiológica deste fenómeno contribui para a sua
compreensão e ajuda a orientar estratégias de intervenção.
Objetivos: (1) Descrever tendências históricas na mortalidade.
(2) Estimar o impacto das variações demográficas no número
de casos registado.
Métodos: (1) Calculámos taxas, especÃficas e padronizadas, para as mortes registadas como resultantes de DCV
(CID-10: I60-I69, G45; ICD-8/9: 430-438; ICD-6/7: 330-334)
por sexo (1902-2012) e por sexo e grupos etários (1913-
2012). Utilizámos Joinpoint-analysis para identificar variações
estatisticamente significativas na tendência temporal e modelos multivariados de regressão, Poisson e binomial negativo,
controlando dinâmicas demográficas e tendências temporais,
constrangidos à população exposta, de 1913 a 2012. (2) Aferimos o peso relativo de variações demográficas recorrendo à aplicação RiskDiff. (3) Avaliámos se as interrupções na
continuidade das séries definidas por alterações nos critérios
de codificação da causa de morte podem ter constituÃdo factores confundentes. Fontes dos dados: Instituto Nacional de
EstatÃstica.
Resultados: (1) Elencámos a mais longa e discriminada
série de mortalidade por DCV em Portugal com dados desde
que há registo com abrangência nacional. A mortalidade aumenta exponencialmente com a idade e é superior nos homens. (2) Observámos variações significativas na direcção
e amplitude da tendência temporal das taxas padronizadas
(1913-1933: APC 2,0%; 1933-1955: APC -0,9%; 1955-1974:
2,9%; 1974-1996: -2,4%; 1996-2012: -6,5%). (3) O envelhecimento demográfico exerceu uma pressão significativa para
o aumento no número de casos particularmente na segunda
metade do século XX. No entanto este efeito foi neutralizado
por factores protectores.
Conclusão: Em Portugal a DCV é particularmente
expressiva quando comparada com outros paÃses da Europa embora se tenham observado ganhos significativos nas
últimas décadas. O envelhecimento demográfico combinado
com uma eventual transição relativa entre as dimensões morbil e de mortalidade proporcionaram uma mudança no paradigma de saúde pública.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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