Professionals’ views on the use of smartphone technology to support children and adolescents with memory impairment due to acquired brain injury

Purpose: To identify from a health-care professionals’ perspective whether smartphones are used by children and adolescents with acquired brain injury as memory aids; what factors predict smartphone use and what barriers prevent the use of smartphones as memory aids by children and adolescents. Method: A cross-sectional online survey was undertaken with 88 health-care professionals working with children and adolescents with brain injury. Results: Children and adolescents with brain injury were reported to use smartphones as memory aids by 75% of professionals. However, only 42% of professionals helped their clients to use smartphones. The only factor that significantly predicted reported smartphone use was the professionals’ positive attitudes toward assistive technology. Several barriers to using smartphones as memory aids were identified, including the poor accessibility of devices and cost of devices. Conclusion: Many children and adolescents with brain injury are already using smartphones as memory aids but this is often not facilitated by professionals. Improving the attitudes of professionals toward using smartphones as assistive technology could help to increase smartphone use in rehabilitation

Reporting interventions in trials evaluating cognitive rehabilitation in people with Multiple Sclerosis: a systematic review

Objective: To determine the quantity and quality of description of cognitive rehabilitation for cognitive deficits in people with Multiple Sclerosis, using a variety of published checklists, and suggest ways of improving the reporting of these interventions. Data sources: Ten electronic databases were searched, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO, from inception to May 2017. Grey literature databases, trials registers, reference lists and author citations were also searched. Review methods: Papers were included if participants were people with multiple sclerosis aged 18 years and over, and if the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation in improving functional ability for memory, attention or executive dysfunction, with or without a control group, was being evaluated. Results: Fifty-four studies were included in this review. The reporting of a number of key aspects of cognitive rehabilitation was poor. This was particularly in relation to content of interventions (reported completely in 26 of the 54 studies), intervention procedures (reported completely in 16 of the 54 studies), delivery mode (reported completely in 24 of the 54 studies) and intervention mechanism of action (reported completely in 21 of the 54 studies). Conclusion: The quality of reporting of cognitive rehabilitation for memory, attention and executive function for multiple sclerosis, across a range of study designs, is poor. Existing reporting checklists do not adequately cover aspects relevant to cognitive rehabilitation, such as the approaches used to address cognitive deficits. Future checklists could consider these aspects we have identified in this review

The Prelude to the Deep Minimum between Solar Cycles 23 and 24: Interplanetary Scintillation Signatures in the Inner Heliosphere

Extensive interplanetary scintillation (IPS) observations at 327 MHz obtained between 1983 and 2009 clearly show a steady and significant drop in the turbulence levels in the entire inner heliosphere starting from around ~1995. We believe that this large-scale IPS signature, in the inner heliosphere, coupled with the fact that solar polar fields have also been declining since ~1995, provide a consistent result showing that the buildup to the deepest minimum in 100 years actually began more than a decade earlier.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Geophysical Research Letters on 28 September 201

The assessment and rehabilitation of prospective memory problems in people with neurological disorders: A review

People with neurological disorders often report difficulty with prospective memory (PM), that is, remembering to do things they had intended to do. This paper briefly reviews the literature regarding the neuropsychology of PM function, concluding that from the clinical perspective, PM is best considered in terms of its separable but interacting mnemonic and executive components. Next, the strengths and limitations in the current clinical assessment of PM, including the assessment of component processes, desktop analogues of PM tasks, and naturalistic PM tasks, are outlined. The evidence base for the rehabilitation of PM is then considered, focusing on retraining PM, using retrospective memory strategies, problem-solving training, and finally, electronic memory aids. It is proposed that further research should focus on establishing the predictive validity of PM assessment, and refining promising rehabilitation techniques

Interventions to increase engagement with rehabilitation in adults with acquired brain injury: A systematic review

Rehabilitation in adults with acquired brain injury is often hampered by a lack of client engagement with the rehabilitation process, leading to frustration, withdrawal of services and poorer recovery. Motivation, apathy and awareness are potential mechanisms underlying engagement, but few studies have suggested potential intervention techniques. A systematic review of the literature was carried out to identify and evaluate interventions designed to increase rehabilitation engagement in adults with acquired brain injury. Database searches used the following terms: rehabilitation, brain injury, and compliance/engagement/adherence in PsychInfo, Medline, Cinahl, Embase, AMED, Web of Knowledge, PsycBite, Cochrane clinical trials, and clinicaltrials.org. Hand searches were conducted of reference lists and relevant journals. Fifteen studies were included in the review. Intervention techniques fell into two broad categories: behavioural modification techniques and cognitive/meta-cognitive skills. Contingent reward techniques were most effective at increasing adherence and compliance, while interventions enabling clients' active participation in rehabilitation appeared to increase engagement and motivation. The review highlighted methodological and measurement inconsistencies in the field and suggested that interventions should be tailored to clients' abilities and circumstances

Generation of subnanometric platinum with high stability during transformation of a 2D zeolite into 3D

[EN] Single metal atoms and metal clusters have attracted much attention thanks to their advantageous capabilities as heterogeneous catalysts. However, the generation of stable single atoms and clusters on a solid support is still challenging. Herein, we report a new strategy for the generation of single Pt atoms and Pt clusters with exceptionally high thermal stability, formed within purely siliceous MCM-22 during the growth of a two-dimensional zeolite into three dimensions. These subnanometric Pt species are stabilized by MCM-22, even after treatment in air up to 540 degrees C. Furthermore, these stable Pt species confined within internal framework cavities show size-selective catalysis for the hydrogenation of alkenes. High-temperature oxidation-reduction treatments result in the growth of encapsulated Pt species to small nanoparticles in the approximate size range of 1 to 2 nm. The stability and catalytic activity of encapsulated Pt species is also reflected in the dehydrogenation of propane to propylene.This work was funded by the Spanish Government (Consolider Ingenio 2010-MULTICAT (CSD2009-00050) and MAT2014-52085-C2-1-P) and by the Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo). The Severo Ochoa Program (SEV-2012-0267) is gratefully acknowledged. L.L. thanks ITQ for a contract. The authors also thank the Microscopy Service of UPV for the TEM and STEM measurements. The HAADF-HRSTEM works were conducted in the Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA) at the Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon (INA)-Universidad de Zaragoza (Spain), a Spanish ICTS National Facility. Some of the research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Program under Grant Agreement 312483-ESTEEM2 (Integrated Infrastructure Initiative-I3). R.A. also acknowledges funding from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (FIS2013-46159-C3-3-P) and the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sldodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 642742.Liu, L.; Díaz Morales, UM.; Arenal, R.; Agostini, G.; Concepción Heydorn, P.; Corma Canós, A. (2017). Generation of subnanometric platinum with high stability during transformation of a 2D zeolite into 3D. Nature Materials. 16(1):132-138. https://doi.org/10.1038/NMAT4757S132138161Boronat, M., Leyva-Perez, A. & Corma, A. Theoretical and experimental insights into the origin of the catalytic activity of subnanometric gold clusters: attempts to predict reactivity with clusters and nanoparticles of gold. Acc. Chem. Res. 47, 834–844 (2014).Flytzani-Stephanopoulos, M. & Gates, B. C. Atomically dispersed supported metal catalysts. Ann. Rev. Chem. Bio. Eng. 3, 545–574 (2012).Gates, B. C. Supported metal clusters: synthesis, structure, and catalysis. Chem. Rev. 95, 511–522 (1995).Corma, A. et al. Exceptional oxidation activity with size-controlled supported gold clusters of low atomicity. Nat. Chem. 5, 775–781 (2013).Yang, M. et al. Catalytically active Au-O(OH)x-species stabilized by alkali ions on zeolites and mesoporous oxides. Science 346, 1498–1501 (2014).Rivallan, M. et al. Platinum sintering on H-ZSM-5 followed by chemometrics of CO adsorption and 2D pressure-jump IR spectroscopy of adsorbed species. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 49, 785–789 (2010).Zecevic, J., van der Eerden, A. M., Friedrich, H., de Jongh, P. E. & de Jong, K. P. Heterogeneities of the nanostructure of platinum/zeolite Y catalysts revealed by electron tomography. ACS Nano 7, 3698–3705 (2013).Philippaerts, A. et al. Unprecedented shape selectivity in hydrogenation of triacylglycerol molecules with Pt/ZSM-5 zeolite. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50, 3947–3949 (2011).Kim, J., Kim, W., Seo, Y., Kim, J.-C. & Ryoo, R. n-Heptane hydroisomerization over Pt/MFI zeolite nanosheets: effects of zeolite crystal thickness and platinum location. J. Catalys. 301, 187–197 (2013).Goel, S., Wu, Z., Zones, S. I. & Iglesia, E. Synthesis and catalytic properties of metal clusters encapsulated within small-pore (SOD, GIS, ANA) zeolites. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 17688–17695 (2012).Choi, M., Wu, Z. & Iglesia, E. Mercaptosilane-assisted synthesis of metal clusters within zeolites and catalytic consequences of encapsulation. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 9129–9137 (2010).Choi, M., Yook, S. & Kim, H. Hydrogen spillover in encapsulated metal catalysts: new opportunities for designing advanced hydroprocessing catalysts. ChemCatChem 7, 1048–1057 (2015).Kulkarni, A., Lobo-Lapidus, R. J. & Gates, B. C. Metal clusters on supports: synthesis, structure, reactivity, and catalytic properties. Chem. Commun. 46, 5997–6015 (2010).Guzman, J. & Gates, B. C. Supported molecular catalysts: metal complexes and clusters on oxides and zeolites. Dalton Trans. 1, 3303–3318 (2003).Leonowicz, M. E., Lawton, J. A., Lawton, S. L. & Rubin, M. K. MCM-22: a molecular sieve with two independent multidimensional channel systems. Science 264, 1910–1913 (1994).Camblor, M. A. et al. A new microporous polymorph of silica isomorphous to zeolite MCM-22. Chem. Mater. 8, 2415–2417 (1996).Hyotanishi, M., Isomura, Y., Yamamoto, H., Kawasaki, H. & Obora, Y. Surfactant-free synthesis of palladium nanoclusters for their use in catalytic cross-coupling reactions. Chem. Commun. 47, 5750–5752 (2011).Duchesne, P. N. & Zhang, P. Local structure of fluorescent platinum nanoclusters. Nanoscale 4, 4199–4205 (2012).Lu, J., Aydin, C., Browning, N. D. & Gates, B. C. Imaging isolated gold atom catalytic sites in zeolite NaY. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 51, 5842–5846 (2012).Yacamán, M. J., Santiago, U. & Mejía-Rosales, S. in Advanced Transmission Electron Microscopy: Applications to Nanomaterials (eds Francis, L., Mayoral, A. & Arenal, R.) 1–29 (Springer, 2015).Jena, P., Khanna, S. N. & Rao, B. K. Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals (Springer, 1992).Yamasaki, J. et al. Ultramicroscopy 151, 224–231 (2015).Sohlberg, K., Pennycook, T. J., Zhoud, W. & Pennycook, S. J. Insights into the physical chemistry of materials from advances in HAADF-STEM. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17, 3982–4006 (2015).Aydin, C., Lu, J., Browning, N. D. & Gates, B. C. A ‘smart’ catalyst: sinter-resistant supported iridium clusters visualized with electron microscopy. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 51, 5929–5934 (2012).Wei, H. et al. FeOx-supported platinum single-atom and pseudo-single-atom catalysts for chemoselective hydrogenation of functionalized nitroarenes. Nat. Commun. 5, 5634 (2014).Addou, R. et al. Influence of hydroxyls on Pd atom mobility and clustering on rutile TiO2(011)-2 × 1. ACS Nano 8, 6321–6333 (2014).Jung, U. et al. Comparative in operando studies in heterogeneous catalysis: atomic and electronic structural features in the hydrogenation of ethylene over supported Pd and Pt catalysts. ACS Catal. 5, 1539–1551 (2015).Agostini, G. et al. Effect of different face centered cubic nanoparticle distributions on particle size and surface area determination: a theoretical study. J. Phys. Chem. C 118, 4085–4094 (2014).Alexeev, O. & Gates, B. C. EXAFS characterization of supported metal-complex and metal-cluster catalysts made from organometallic precursors. Top. Catal. 10, 273–293 (2000).Chakraborty, I., Bhuin, R. G., Bhat, S. & Pradeep, T. Blue emitting undecaplatinum clusters. Nanoscale 6, 8561–8564 (2014).Zheng, J., Nicovich, P. R. & Dickson, R. M. Highly fluorescent noble-metal quantum dots. Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 58, 409–431 (2007).Okrut, A. et al. Selective molecular recognition by nanoscale environments in a supported iridium cluster catalyst. Nat. Nanotech. 9, 459–465 (2014).Zhou, C. et al. On the sequential hydrogen dissociative chemisorption on small platinum clusters: a density functional theory study. J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 12773–12778 (2007).De La Cruz, C. & Sheppard, N. An exploration of the surfaces of some Pt/SiO2 catalysts using CO as an infrared spectroscopic probe. Spectrochim. Acta A 50, 271–285 (1994).Klünker, C., Balden, M., Lehwald, S. & Daum, W. CO stretching vibrations on Pt(111) and Pt(110) studied by sum frequency generation. Surf. Sci. 360, 104–111 (1996).Stakheev, A. Y., Shpiro, E. S., Jaeger, N. I. & Schulz-Ekloff, G. Electronic state and location of Pt metal clusters in KL zeolite: FTIR study of CO chemisorption. Catal. Lett. 32, 147–158 (1995).Heiz, U., Sanchez, A., Abbet, S. & Schneider, W. D. Catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide on monodispersed platinum clusters: each atom counts. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121, 3214–3217 (1999).Levitas, V. I. & Samani, K. Size and mechanics effects in surface-induced melting of nanoparticles. Nat. Commun. 2, 284 (2011).Jiang, H., Moon, K.-s., Dong, H., Hua, F. & Wong, C. P. Size-dependent melting properties of tin nanoparticles. Chem. Phys. Lett. 429, 492–496 (2006).Nanda, K. K., Kruis, F. E. & Fissan, H. Evaporation of free PbS nanoparticles: evidence of the Kelvin effect. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 256103 (2002).Vajda, S. et al. Subnanometre platinum clusters as highly active and selective catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane. Nat. Mater. 8, 213–216 (2009).Ortalan, V., Uzun, A., Gates, B. C. & Browning, N. D. Direct imaging of single metal atoms and clusters in the pores of dealuminated HY zeolite. Nat. Nanotech. 5, 506–510 (2010).Koch, C. Determination of Core Structure Periodicity and Point Defect Density along Dislocations PhD thesis, Univ. Arizona (2002).Mathon, O. et al. The time-resolved and extreme conditions XAS (TEXAS) facility at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility: the general-purpose EXAFS bending-magnet beamline BM23. J. Synchrotron Radiat. 22, 1548–1554 (2015).Newville, M. IFEFFIT: interactive XAFS analysis and FEFF fitting. J. Synchrotron Radiat. 8, 322–324 (2001)

The burden of obesity in women of reproductive age and in pregnancy in a middle-income setting:A population based study from Jamaica

Obesity is rising globally and is associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to investigate overweight and obesity and its consequences among Jamaican women of reproductive age, particularly development of diabetes, hypertension and the risk of maternal death.A national lifestyle survey (2007/8) of 1371 women of reproductive age provided data on the prevalence of high BMI, associated risk factors and co-morbidities. A national maternal mortality surveillance database (1998-2012) of 798 maternal deaths was used to investigate maternal deaths in obese women. Chi-squared and Fisher exact tests were used.High BMI (> = 25kg/m2) occurred in 63% of women aged between 15 and 49 years. It was associated with increasing age, high gravidity and parity, and full time employment (p<0.001). Of those with high BMI, 5.5% were diabetic, 19.3% hypertensive and 2.8% were both diabetic and hypertensive. Obesity was recorded in 10.5% of maternal deaths, with higher proportions of deaths due to hypertension in pregnancy (27.5%), circulatory/ cardiovascular disorders (13.0%), and diabetes (4.3%) compared to 21.9%, 6.9% and 2.6% respectively in non-obese women.This is one of a few studies from a middle-income setting to explore maternal burden of obesity during pregnancy, which contributes to improving the knowledge base, identifying the gaps in information and increasing awareness of the growing problem of maternal overweight and obesity. While survey diagnostic conditions require cautious interpretation of findings, it is clear that obesity and related medical conditions present a substantial public health problem for emerging LMICs like Jamaica. There is an urgent need for global consensus on routine measures of the burden and risk factors associated with obesity and development of culturally appropriate interventions

Evaluation of NeuroPage as a memory aid for people with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial

Memory problems are reported in 40-60% of people with multiple sclerosis (MS). These problems affect independence and may limit the ability to benefit from rehabilitation. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of NeuroPage for people with MS living in the community. A multicentre, single-blind randomised controlled crossover trial was conducted. The intervention comprised the NeuroPage service, which sends reminder messages to mobile phones at pre-arranged times. In the control condition participants received “non-memory texts”, that is messages not aimed at providing a reminder, for example supplying News headlines or sport updates. Outcome measures were completed using postal questionnaires after each condition. There were 38 participants, aged 28 to 72 (mean 48, S.D. 11) and 10 (26%) were men. There were no significant differences between NeuroPage and control conditions on the Everyday Memory Questionnaire (p=0.41, d=0.02). The number of daily diary items forgotten in the NeuroPage condition was significantly less than in the control (9% vs. 31%, p=0.01, d=-0.64). Psychological distress was less in the NeuroPage condition than control (p=0.001, d=-0.84). Further evaluation of the effect on everyday memory is required

Proteome Analyses of Cellular Proteins in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Treated with Rhodomyrtone, a Novel Antibiotic Candidate

The ethanolic extract from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf exhibited good antibacterial activities against both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and S. aureus ATCC 29213. Its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 31.25–62.5 µg/ml, and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 250 µg/ml. Rhodomyrtone, an acylphloroglucinol derivative, was 62.5–125 times more potent at inhibiting the bacteria than the ethanolic extract, the MIC and MBC values were 0.5 µg/ml and 2 µg/ml, respectively. To provide insights into antibacterial mechanisms involved, the effects of rhodomyrtone on cellular protein expression of MRSA have been investigated using proteomic approaches. Proteome analyses revealed that rhodomyrtone at subinhibitory concentration (0.174 µg/ml) affected the expression of several major functional classes of whole cell proteins in MRSA. The identified proteins involve in cell wall biosynthesis and cell division, protein degradation, stress response and oxidative stress, cell surface antigen and virulence factor, and various metabolic pathways such as amino acid, carbohydrate, energy, lipid, and nucleotide metabolism. Transmission electron micrographs confirmed the effects of rhodomyrtone on morphological and ultrastructural alterations in the treated bacterial cells. Biological processes in cell wall biosynthesis and cell division were interrupted. Prominent changes including alterations in cell wall, abnormal septum formation, cellular disintegration, and cell lysis were observed. Unusual size and shape of staphylococcal cells were obviously noted in the treated MRSA. These pioneer findings on proteomic profiling and phenotypic features of rhodomyrtone-treated MRSA may resolve its antimicrobial mechanisms which could lead to the development of a new effective regimen for the treatment of MRSA infections