The AKP’s working class support base explains why the Turkish government has managed to retain its popularity during the country’s protests

A number of anti-government protests have taken place in Turkey over the past year. Erik R. Tillman assesses the dynamics underpinning support for the ruling AKP government and its main opposition, the Republican People’s Party (CHP), during the unrest. He notes that although AKP has parallels with mainstream centre-right parties in Europe, its support base is built on working-class voters. He argues that as the protests largely articulated concerns associated with middle class voters, this ‘ideological reversal’ has so far helped to protect the AKP electorally. Nevertheless, the dynamics of the most recent protests over the mining disaster in Soma could pose a threat to the governing party as they are closely associated with its core working class support base

Euroscepticism is rooted in a broader authoritarian worldview that also includes higher levels of nationalism and hostility to ‘outsiders’.

What factors are likely to lead to citizens opposing European integration? Erik R. Tillman notes that a number of recent studies have attempted to explain opposition to the EU in terms of social identity. Drawing on these studies, he argues that those who oppose the EU are likely to subscribe to a particular ‘authoritarian’ worldview which includes a predisposition towards order and conformity. He finds evidence for this hypothesis in an analysis of survey data, suggesting that simply improving economic growth or enacting democratic reforms will not be enough to reverse negative public opinion about the integration process

The Age, Stratigraphic Relationships, and Correlation of the Lower Part of the Olentangy Shale of Central Ohio

Author Institution: Department of Geology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OhioThe Olentangy Shale of central Ohio (Delaware County) is made up of two distinct stratigraphic units separated by an unconformity. The Upper Olentangy Shale is Upper Devonian in age, and is both lithologically and paleontologically distinct from the Lower Olentangy Shale, which is Middle Devonian (Hamilton) in age. The age distinction is based primarily on a comparison of the ostracod faunas. Other invertebrates from the Lower Olentangy Shale also suggest a Middle Devonian age. The Lower Olentangy Shale correlates with the lower of the exposed units of the Plum Brook Shale of northern Ohio. Most of the invertebrate species of the Lower Olentangy Shale, as well as several ostracod species from the Plum Brook Shale, are illustrated

Pre-electoral coalitions increase voter turnout by making elections more decisive

The UK continues to use the First Past the Post electoral system, which is more likely to result in majority governments, but less representative of voter preferences as expressed through the ballot box. It has been argued that not only are proportional systems fairer than majoritarian ones, but that they can increase turnout through making votes more consequential. Here Erik R. Tillman argues that pre-electoral coalitions can also increase turnout by providing voters with a decisive outcome

West European politics is undergoing a ‘worldview evolution’ structured by authoritarianism

Populist radical right parties are often assumed to draw a greater share of their support from older voters. Drawing on a new book, Erik R. Tillman explains that this assumption may be incorrect. He argues that West European politics is undergoing a ‘worldview evolution’ in which orientations toward the structure of society increasingly shape party support. In this new context, younger voters who score highly on measures of authoritarianism appear more likely to back the populist radical right than older voters with the same attitudes

Rhizosphere Ph and Phosphatase Activity in Orthic Allophanic Soil Under Pinus Radiata Seedlings Grown with Broom and Ryegrass

Under Pinus radiata plantations where the tree spacing is wider and most soils are phosphorus (P) deficient, the radiata tree response to P fertilizer is expected to be more influenced by the interaction between the applied P fertilizer, the tree and understorey vegetation. Therefore, a better understanding of the soil P chemistry under radiata pine trees in association with other plants is required. We investigated the effect of broom (Cytisus scoparius L.) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) grown with radiata seedlings in Orthic Allophanic Soil treated with 0, 50, and 100 μg P g-1 soil of TSP on the pH and phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere soils under glasshouse condition. The pHs of radiata rhizosphere soils either grown with broom or grass were lower than those in the bulk soils and the bulk and rhizosphere soils of grass and broom, whether they were grown alone or grown with radiata at the applications of 50 and 100 μg P g-1 soil. These results suggest that P application enhanced root induced acidification in a P-deficient Allophanic Soil under radiata. The soils in the rhizosphere of grass and broom, grown in association with radiata, were also acidified by the effect of radiata roots. Acid phosphatase activity in soils under radiata, grass and broom decreased with an increased rate of P application. At all P rates, acid phosphatase activity was higher in the rhizosphere of radiata grown with broom than in the bulk soils. The phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere soil of radiata grown with broom was also higher than that of radiata grown with grass, but it was slightly lower than that in the rhizosphere of broom grown alone. These results suggest that broom may have also contributed to the higher phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere soils than in the bulk soils of broom and radiata when they were grown togethe

The soils of Audrain County, Missouri

Caption title.At head of title: University of Missouri, Agricultural Experiment Station ... U. S. Department of Agriculture. Bureau of Soils ... Soil survey of Missouri