Karakteristik Penderita Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Rumah Sakit Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar Periode Januari – Desember 2010

Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) atau Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) merupakan penyakit akibat infeksi virus Dengue yang masih menjadi problem kesehatan Masyarakat. Penyakit ini ditemukan nyaris diseluruh belahan dunia terutama di negara-negara tropik dan subtropik baik sebagai penyakit endemik maupun epidemik. Hasil studi epidemiologik menunjukan bahwa DBD terutama menyerang kelompok umur Balita sampai dengan umur sekitar 15 tahun serta tidak ditemukan perbedaan signifikan dalam hal kerentanan terhadap serangan dengue antara gender. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik Penderita demam berdarah dengue pada pasien rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar periode Januari-Desember 2010. Metode penelitian dengan pendekatan Deskriptif. Penarikan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode systematic random sampling. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 205 Responden. Kemudian data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil Penelitian ini Menunjukan bahwa Penderita demam berdarah dengue di Rumah Sakit Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar berdasarkan kelompok umur terbanyak adalah kelompok umur 19-49 tahun, jenis kelamin terbanyak adalah jenis kelamin laki-laki, jenis pekerjaan terbanyak adalah berprofesi sebagai pelajar/mahasiswa, tingkat pendidikan terbanyak adalah SMA, sedangkan waktu kejadian tertinggi penderita demam Berdarah dengue adalah pada bulan Maret. Disarankan mencegah terjadinya peningkatan kasus penderita demam berdarah dengue pada golongan umur anak-anak maupun dewasa maka perlu diadakan penyuluhan baik lingkungan keluarga maupun lingkungan sekolah/kampus mengenai upaya pencegahan penyakit demam berdarah dengue. Disamping itu juga Perlu memperkuat kegiatan-kegiatan yang mendukung kearah komunikasi, informasi, dan edukasi yang luas, jelas dan komplit tentang penyakit demam berdarah dengue sehingga masyarakat memiliki sikap positif terhadap masalah-masalah kesehatan khususnya penyakit demam berdarah dengue. Dan perlu adanya tindakan pencegahan penyakit demam berdarah dengue melalui peningkatan frekuensi penyuluhan kesehatan masyarakat mengenai 3M (menguras, menimbun, menutup) tempat-tempat yang dapat menampung air pada bulan-bulan dengan curah hujan dan tingkat kelembaban yang tinggi untuk mencegah perkembangbiakan nyamuk aedes aegypti

Use of the geometric mean as a statistic for the scale of the coupled Gaussian distributions

The geometric mean is shown to be an appropriate statistic for the scale of a heavy-tailed coupled Gaussian distribution or equivalently the Student's t distribution. The coupled Gaussian is a member of a family of distributions parameterized by the nonlinear statistical coupling which is the reciprocal of the degree of freedom and is proportional to fluctuations in the inverse scale of the Gaussian. Existing estimators of the scale of the coupled Gaussian have relied on estimates of the full distribution, and they suffer from problems related to outliers in heavy-tailed distributions. In this paper, the scale of a coupled Gaussian is proven to be equal to the product of the generalized mean and the square root of the coupling. From our numerical computations of the scales of coupled Gaussians using the generalized mean of random samples, it is indicated that only samples from a Cauchy distribution (with coupling parameter one) form an unbiased estimate with diminishing variance for large samples. Nevertheless, we also prove that the scale is a function of the geometric mean, the coupling term and a harmonic number. Numerical experiments show that this estimator is unbiased with diminishing variance for large samples for a broad range of coupling values.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure

EML4-ALK variants: biological and molecular properties, and the implications for patients

Since the discovery of the fusion between EML4 (echinoderm microtubule associated protein-like 4) and ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase), EML4-ALK, in lung adenocarcinomas in 2007, and the subsequent identification of at least 15 different variants in lung cancers, there has been a revolution in molecular-targeted therapy that has transformed the outlook for these patients. Our recent focus has been on understanding how and why the expression of particular variants can affect biological and molecular properties of cancer cells, as well as identifying the key signalling pathways triggered, as a result. In the clinical setting, this understanding led to the discovery that the type of variant influences the response of patients to ALK therapy. Here, we discuss what we know so far about the EML4-ALK variants in molecular signalling pathways and what questions remain to be answered. In the longer term, this analysis may uncover ways to specifically treat patients for a better outcome

Stakeholders Perception for Ecotourism Development in Tesso Nilo National Park

The increasing issue of occupational land conflict in Tesso Nilo National Park (TNTN) should be addressed objectively by various stakeholders. One of the important things that can be done to support these efforts is to conduct careful and thorough research on the orientation of stakeholders for the implementation of ecotourism development in TNTN. The stakeholders focussed on this research consist of eight groups of respondents, namely land claiming communities, landowners, landless communities, TNTN centers, local government, forestry services, private companies and non - overnmental organizations. Data collected then analyzed by using One Score One Criteria System. The result of this study indicates that stakeholder perceptions related to various aspects of the TNTN development concept are "somewhat good" (score 5). This provides an interpretation that TNTN's development concept is "somewhat effective and efficient" to be implemented in the development of forest ecosystems in TNTN

Xenon combined with therapeutic hypothermia is not neuroprotective after severe hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rats

Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is standard treatment following perinatal asphyxia in newborn infants. Experimentally, TH is neuroprotective after moderate hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in seven-day-old (P7) rats. However, TH is not neuroprotective after severe HI. After a moderate HI insult in newborn brain injury models, the anesthetic gas xenon (Xe) doubles TH neuroprotection. The aim of this study was to examine whether combining Xe and TH is neuroprotective as applied in a P7 rat model of severe HI.120 P7 rat pups underwent a severe HI insult; unilateral carotid artery ligation followed by hypoxia (8% O2 for 150min at experimental normothermia (NT-37: Trectal 37°C). Surviving pups were randomised to immediate NT-37 for 5h (n = 36), immediate TH-32: Trectal 32°C for 5h (n = 25) or immediate TH-32 plus 50% inhaled Xe for 5h (n = 24). Pups were sacrificed after one week of survival. Relative area loss of the ligated hemisphere was measured, and neurons in the subventricular zone of this injured hemisphere were counted, to quantify brain damage.Following the HI insult, median (interquartile range, IQR) hemispheric brain area loss was similar in all groups: 63.5% (55.5-75.0) for NT-37 group, 65.0% (57.0-65.0) for TH-32 group, and 66.5% (59.0-72.0) for TH-32+Xe50% group (not significant). Correspondingly, there was no difference in neuronal cell count (NeuN marker) in the subventricular zone across the three treatment groups.Immediate therapeutic hypothermia with or without additional 50% inhaled Xe, does not provide neuroprotection one week after severe HI brain injury in the P7 neonatal rat. This model aims to mimic the clinical situation in severely asphyxiated neonates and treatment these newborns remains an ongoing challenge

Analysis of chaotic motion and its shape dependence in a generalized piecewise linear map

We analyse the chaotic motion and its shape dependence in a piecewise linear map using Fujisaka's characteristic function method. The map is a generalization of the one introduced by R. Artuso. Exact expressions for diffusion coefficient are obtained giving previously obtained results as special cases. Fluctuation spectrum relating to probability density function is obtained in a parametric form. We also give limiting forms of the above quantities. Dependence of diffusion coefficient and probability density function on the shape of the map is examined.Comment: 4 pages,4 figure

Regional Disparities in Public Expenditure Effectiveness; A Comparative Analysis of Western and Eastern Indonesia

This study investigates the impact of government expenditure on employment across Indonesia’s regional economies, incorporating private investment as a mediating variable and region as a moderating variable. Using data from 2010 to 2022, the analysis focuses on five categories of government spending: general, housing and settlement, economic, education, and health. A multigroup path analysis model is employed to examine both direct and indirect effects of these expenditures on employment. The results reveal that government spending has a stronger impact on employment in the western region compared to the eastern region. Regional differences significantly moderate the relationship between government expenditure and private investment, particularly in general, economic, education, and health spending. In contrast, housing and settlement expenditure consistently affect both regions. Furthermore, private investment significantly enhances employment, especially in the western provinces. These findings underscore the importance of accounting for regional disparities in fiscal policy design and provide valuable insights for developing more effective and equitable regional economic strategies in Indonesia

Physiology, Breast Milk

The production of breast milk initiates in larger amounts between 2 and 4 days after the birth of the baby and the breastmilk is said to have 'come in'. It is the sole best source of nutrition for an infant, providing an adequate amount of nutrients, growth factors, and antibodies required for the nourishment of the baby. Breast milk should be exclusively used for nutrition until 6 months of age after which breastmilk should be used in addition to complementary foods for at least 12 months of age. [1

Thermodynamics of Electrolytes on Anisotropic Lattices

The phase behavior of ionic fluids on simple cubic and tetragonal (anisotropic) lattices has been studied by grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations. Systems with both the true lattice Coulombic potential and continuous-space $1/r$ electrostatic interactions have been investigated. At all degrees of anisotropy, only coexistence between a disordered low-density phase and an ordered high-density phase with the structure similar to ionic crystal was found, in contrast to recent theoretical predictions. Tricritical parameters were determined to be monotonously increasing functions of anisotropy parameters which is consistent with theoretical calculations based on the Debye-H\"uckel approach. At large anisotropies a two-dimensional-like behavior is observed, from which we estimated the dimensionless tricritical temperature and density for the two-dimensional square lattice electrolyte to be $T^*_{tri}=0.14$ and $\rho^*_{tri} = 0.70$.Comment: submitted to PR