Earthquake Induced Liquefaction Using Shake Table Test

Loose saturated cohesionless soils may undergo liquefaction due to strong ground motions. Such liquefaction causes significant damage to the structure resting on such soil. The extent of damage primarily depends upon soil properties, intensity of earthquake and type of structure. Various analytical models have been developed to estimate the likelihood of liquefaction of particular site based on field performance. However, if it is possible to identify the sites which are likely to liquefy due to specific intensity of earthquake it will help implementing the reduction in the damage which it would otherwise cause. One such analytical model has been developed by one of the authors of this paper and has been found to satisfactorily demarcate ‘Yes’ and ‘No’ zones of liquefaction for number of earthquakes. However, earlier research shows that laboratory tests could also be conducted to study the liquefaction behavior of soil under specific condition. The present study mainly deals with an attempt made in conducting Shake Table Test in laboratory by simulating earthquake conditions on site. The results obtained from the trial tests have been compared with the actual field cases and also with laboratory tests conducted for such soil by other researchers. It is observed that the criterion of the occurrence of liquefaction in the laboratory model is in close agreement with actual field data. Shake table test is found to be more effective in simulating the strong ground motion during earthquake

Detecção e Classificação de Câncer a partir de Mamografias Digitalizadas e Redes Neurais Convolucionais

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A commercial micropropagation protocol for virupakshi (AAB) banana via apical meristem

In vitro micropropagation of banana (Musa spp.) cv.virupakshi (Hillbanana) was studied. Suckers were collected from the germ plasm block of Jain R&D (originally established from the suckers from Palani Hills, Tamil Nadu) during summer. The sucker surface sterilized with 1% NaOCl for 30 min gave 100% survival without any contamination. Apical meristems that were isolated and cultured on MS based media supplemented with benzylaminopurine (BAP) 10.0 mg/l and IAA1.0 mg/l gave higher number of shoots (134.3 shoots/explant) within168 days (24 weeks). Kinetin 2.0 mg/l and NAA0.5 mg/l gave early rooting in just five days with 6.6 roots per plant. Observations were recorded after every four weeks up to six sub-culturing. Acclimatization was done in poly house, followed by shade house under 50% light conditions. The hardened plants when shifted to the field showed luxurious growth. The regenerated micro propagated banana plants were tested for genetic uniformity through 13 inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers recommended by NCS-TCP, DBT. Profiles obtained by all the three ISSR primers namely, 834, 840 and 850, respectively exhibited similar banding patterns, which revealed the existence of genetic uniformity in micro- propagated plants.Keywords: Micropropagation, Virupakshi, hill banana, banana bunchy top viru

Comparative Performance of Mango Varieties Grafted on Vellaikolamban and Mixed Rootstock

Research on rootstock in mango is very limited in our country. Kalapady was reported to be a dwarfing rootstock. Recent trend among mango growers is to high density orcharding with dwarfening nature of the varietie. Efforts were made at Agriculture Research Station, Mulde, to study comparative performance of Ratna, Alphonso and Kesar mango on Vellaikolamban and mixed rootstock i.e., heterozygous seedling stock and the effect of rootstock on a scion under high density of 5m x 5m spacing. Results indicated that use of Vellaikolamban rootstock reduced plant volume in scion cv. Alphonso by 39.1%, followed by 24.9% in Ratna and 26.5% in cv. Kesar. As volume of the canopy was reduced, it directly influenced fruit yield cvs. Alphonso and Ratna. However, reduction in canopy volume had a positive influence on yield in cv. Kesar. Net returns of Rs.38,629/- per ha were maximum for Kesar with the rootstock Vellaikolamban

High Density Planting in Mango cv. Alphonso

A trial was conducted to optimize spacing for high density planting in mango cv. Alphonso to obtain higher yield/ unit area at the Agriculture Research Station, Mulde, during 2006-07 to 2008-09 with four close spacings and one normal spacing as control. Highest yield (6.4 MT/ha) was recorded with a spacing of 5 m x 5 m without reduction in fruit size in 10 year old plants compared to the mean yield of 1.12 MT/ha in 10m x 10m normal spacing. High density plantation helped to get significantly higher yield per unit area compared to the normal spacing, without affecting size and quality of mango fruits. The highest cost:benefit ratio (2.33) was recorded in high density plantation of 5m x 5m, with maximum net returns of Rs.1,12,000/- per hectare. The present findings show promise for more yield and returns per unit area during the initial years of mango plantation by adopting 5m x 5m high density planting

Human Ear recognition Using Geometric Features

Abstract: Biometrics is the study of automatic techniques for recognizing human beings based on physical or behavioral traits. To find good biometric features, technique has been researched extensively in recent years. Among several biometric features, ear is quite stable because it does not vary with age and emotion. The ear recognition work depends on ear height, reference line cut points, corresponding angles and inner ear curve. The study is performed on the ear in random orientation and shows a greater accuracy than existing dominant approach. The recognition accuracy is increased by using more training images for database. Face recognition by itself, using the same approach, gave a 63% rank one recognition rate, but when complimented with ear images in a multimodal system improved to 94% rank one recognition rate

Monitoring System for Traffic Analysis Using Twitter Stream

Social networks are often utilized as a supply of data for event detection like road holdup and automobile accidents. Existing system present a period of time observance system for traffic event detection from twitter. The system fetches tweets from twitter and then; processes tweets victimisation text mining techniques. Last performs the classification of tweets. The aim of the system is to assign the suitable category label to every tweet, whether or not it's associated with a traffic event or not. System utilized the support vector machine as a classification model. The projected system uses the system supported semi-supervised approach, which provides coaching victimisation traffic connected dataset. we have a tendency to propose a bunch approach for classification of the tweets in traffic connected and non- traffic connected tweets. We use a geometer distance to calculate the similarity between the tweets

Parasitism capacity of Trichogramma pretiosum on eggs of Trichoplusia ni at different temperatures.

ABSTRACT: Trichogramma spp. are egg parasitoids of various pest species of Lepidoptera including Trichoplusia ni, an important pest of plants in the genus Brassica. Of the climatic conditions that can impair Trichogramma spp. parasitism capacity, the temperature is critical. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the parasitism capacity of Trichogramma pretiosum on eggs of T. ni at 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, and 33ºC; 70±10% RH; and 12/12 hours photophase (L/D). Fresh eggs of the host moth were offered to T. pretiosum daily. The parasitism rate varied between 8 and 11.4 eggs/female at the temperatures evaluated for the first 24 hours. The highest number of parasitized eggs per female occurred at 24ºC (53.0 parasitized eggs/female). The period of parasitism and the mean longevity of females were inversely related to the temperature. Temperature heavily influences the parasitism rate of T. pretiosum on eggs of T. ni, and the best overall performance of the parasitoid occurs from 24 to 27ºC. RESUMO. Trichogramma spp. são parasitoide de ovos de várias espécies pragas de Lepidoptera incluindo Trichoplusia ni, uma importante praga de plantas do gênero Brassica. Das condições climáticas que podem influenciar a capacidade de parasitismo de Trichogramma spp., a temperatura é uma das principais. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade de parasitismo de Trichogramma pretiosum em ovos de T. ni nas temperaturas de 18, 21, 24, 27, 30 e 33ºC; 70±10% UR; e 14/12h fotofase. Ovos frescos de T. ni foram oferecidos diariamente para T. pretiosum. A taxa de parasitismo nas primeiras 24h variou de 8 a 11,4 ovos/fêmea do parasitoide entre as temperaturas avaliadas. O maior número de ovos parasitados por fêmea ocorreu a 24ºC (53,0 ovos parasitados/fêmea). O tempo de parasitismo e a longevidade média dos parasitoides adultos foram inversamente relacionados à temperatura. Temperatura influência enormemente no parasitismo de T. pretiosum em ovos de T. ni, e os melhores resultados do parasitoide foram obtidos de 24 a 27ºC

An overview of male-sterility systems in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]

For commercial development of hybrids the four pre-requisites are; availability of perfect male-sterility system, efficient mass pollen transfer mechanism, hybrid vigor, and the large scale seed production of hybrids for commercialization. The type of male-sterility governs the acceptance of hybrids by farmers. Genetic male-sterility (GMS) system was not accepted by farmers due to the economics of large scale seed production. The major drawback was rouging of fertile counterpart from the female plot, which was time consuming and labor intensive. Cytoplasmic-genic male-sterility (CMS) system usually was a better option for large scale seed production. Hybrid vigor has been utilized in some cereal and vegetable crops. Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) displays considerable natural out-crossing and now CMS lines are available with different cytoplasmic backgrounds. This mini-review reports the research on development of CMS lines and CMS-based hybrids in pigeonpe

SOLID DISPERSION: STRATEGY TO ENHANCE SOLUBILITY

The solubility behavior of drugs remains one of the most exigent aspects in formulation development.With the advent of combinatorial chemistry and high throughput screening, the number of poorly water soluble compounds has dramatically increased.  Among all the newly discovered chemical entities, about 40-45% drugs fail to reach market due to their poor water solubility. Because of solubility problem, bioavailability of drugs gets affected and hence solubility enhancement becomes necessary. Solid dispersions have attracted considerable interest as an efficient means of improving the dissolution rate and hence the bioavailability of drugs. This article reviews the various preparation techniques, carriers used, advantages and limitations of solid dispersions and compiles some of the recent advances. There are various methods available to improve the solubility of the new drug in which solid dispersion emerged promising. A Solid dispersion generally composed of two components- the drug and the polymer matrix. Numerous methods are existing to prepare the solid dispersions such as melting method, solvent evaporation method, fusion method, kneading method, melting method, spray drying method, co-grinding method, lyophilization technique, hot melt extrusion, melt agglomeration, supercritical fluid (SCF) technology etc. Solid dispersion technologies are particularly promising for improving the oral absorption and bioavailability of BCS Class II drugs. The experience with solid dispersions over the last 10-15 years indicates that this is a very fruitful approach in improving the release rate and oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs. Hence, this approach is expected to form a basis for the commercialization of many poorly water-soluble and water-insoluble drugs in their solid-dispersion formulations in the near future. Key words: Dissolution, Solid Dispersion, Solubility, Cellulose Derivatives, Polyethylene glycol