Deformation and Flexibility Equations for Idealized ARIS Umbilicals, Under Planar End-Loading Conditions

The International Space Station (ISS) relies on the Active Rack Isolation System (ARIS) as the central component of an integrated, station-wide strategy to isolate microgravity space-science experiments. ARIS uses electromechanical actuators to isolate an International Standard Payload Rack (ISPR) from disturbances due to the motion of the ISS. Disturbances to microgravity experiments on ARIS-isolated racks are primarily transmitted via the ARIS power and vacuum umbilicals. Recent experimental tests indicate that these umbilicals resonate at frequencies outside the ARIS controller's bandwidth. at levels of potential concern for certain microgravity experiments. Reduction in the umbilical resonant frequencies could help to address this issue. This paper develops equations for the in-plane deflections and flexibilities of an idealized umbilical (thin, flexible, cantilever beam) under end-point, in-plane loading (inclined-force and moment). The effect of gravity is neglected due to the on:orbit application. The analysis assumes an initially straight. cantilevered umbilical with uniform cross-section. which undergoes large deflections with no plastic deformation, such that the umbilical terminus remains in a single quadrant and the umbilical slope changes monotonically. The analysis is applicable to the ARIS power and vacuum umbilicals. under the indicated assumptions

Study of effects of antiepileptic therapy on various biochemical and hematological parameters patients suffering of epilepsy

Background: Low therapeutic index of established antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) coupled with better understanding of the pathophysiology of seizure has encouraged the development of several novel AEDs. The conventional antiepileptics like phenytoin, phenobarbitone, valproate and carbamazepine and newer antiepileptics like levetiracetam, lamotrigine and topiramate etc. are used for epilepsy. AEDs induce potentially toxic effects over a period of time which remains undetermined over very long time. Earlier studies in this regard, states uneven results about biochemical (i.e. blood sugar level, lipid profile) and hematological (Hb%, blood cell count etc.) toxicity of AEDs. Aims: To unveil the toxic effects of AEDs when given singly or as combinations.Methods: Adult epileptics of either sex taking antiepileptic monotherapy or combination therapy for ≥ six months were enrolled. Biochemical and hematological parameters studied were compared with their age and sex matched controls, baseline and amongst groups. Statistical Analysis Used: Student’s ‘t’-test & One way ANOVA followed by posthoc Tukey HSD test for pair wise comparison; p0.05). Monotherapy and conventional combination therapy caused significant reduction in platelet count (p<0.01), but conventional combination therapy was found more toxic in this regard (p<0.05).Conclusions: Monotherapy found less toxic with no significant effects on lipid profile, Hb%, RBC count and O2 carrying capacity and less impact on platelets while combination therapy did not show any advantage over monotherapy and its use must be reserved only for refractory cases.

Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Intensification of Pin Fins under Forced Convection (A Review)

Recent development era in technology has huge requirement of high performance lightweight, and compact heat transfer equipment. To accomplish this demand fins are widely used as effective elements for heat transfer enhancement. One of the commonly used heat exchanger fins is the pin fin which offers an economical and trouble free solution in many situations. This is more important in cooling of air conditioning equipment, thermal power plants, gas turbine blade, aerospace industry, combustion chamber liners, and biomedical devices, electrical and electronic component. Therefore now a day\u27s industries are utilizing thermal system with pin fins and analyse the various influencing parameters on performance of pin fin of different geometry under force convection. The turbulence occurred due to these techniques are good enough to enhance heat transfer rate. This article is focused on comprehensive review of work carried out in this technology

Investigation of Corrosion Inhibitors Adsorption on Metals Using Density Functional Theory and Molecular Dynamics Simulation

The use of computational chemistry as a tool in the design and development of organic corrosion inhibitors has been greatly enhanced by the development of density functional theory (DFT) and Molecular dynamic simulation (MD). Experimentally corrosion inhibitor development requires lots of money and time. Thus, in the era of hardware and software development, corrosion scientist can select a potential inhibitor on the basis of theoretical analysis of molecular properties of inhibitor molecules, which have reduced the cost. DFT and MD are capable to accurately predict the inhibition characteristics of inhibitor molecules using molecular/electronic properties and reactivity indices. The purpose of this book chapter is to summarize some important features related to DFT and MD, giving a brief background to the selected DFT/MD-based chemical reactivity concepts, calculations and their applications to organic corrosion inhibitor design. The impact of this book chapter is to illustrate the enormous power of DFT and MD

Corrosion Mitigation by Planar Benzimidazole Derivatives

The corrosion has a considerable amount of impact on the economics of every nation, and ultimately it affects the GDP. In the present era, the challenge given by corrosion can be easily mitigated using organic compounds as corrosion inhibitor in different corrosive media. The important property of an inhibitor is the presence of the metal interacting with heteroatoms and a planar structure. In this regard, benzimidazoles (BI) with a fused bicyclic ring consisting of benzene and imidazole moiety in their structural framework making them a potential candidate for anti-corrosion work. In addition to this, bezimidazole derivatives are classified as green inhibitor due to different kinds of biological activities. Their higher potency to mitigate corrosion is because of the planar molecular structure, nitrogen atom and sp2 hybridized carbon, which provide them an ability to strongly interact with the metal. The focus of this book chapter is to investigate briefly the anti-corrosion ability of benzimidazole (BI) and their derivatives as a potential corrosion inhibitor for various industrially useful metals in different aggressive media

Preparation of macroporous alginate-based aerogels for biomedical applications

Aerogels are a special class of ultra-light porous materials with growing interest in biomedical applications due to their open pore structure and high surface area. However, they usually lack macroporosity, while mesoporosity is typically high. In this work, carbon dioxide induced gelation followed by expansion of the dissolved CO2 was performed to produce hybrid calcium-crosslinked alginate-starch hydrogels with dual meso- and macroporosity. The hydrogels were subjected to solvent exchange and supercritical drying to obtain aerogels. Significant increase in macroporosity from 2 to 25 % was achieved by increasing expansion rate from 0.1 to 30 bar/min with retaining mesoporosity (BET surface and BJH pore volume in the range 183 â 544 m2/g and 2.0 â 6.8 cm3/g, respectively). In vitro bioactivity studies showed that the alginate-starch aerogels are bioactive, i.e. they form hydroxyapatite crystals when immersed in a simulated body fluid solution. Bioactivity is attributed to the presence of calcium in the matrix. The assessment of the biological performance showed that the aerogels do not present a cytotoxic effect and the cells are able to colonize and grow on their surface. Results presented in this work provide a good indication of the potential of the alginate-starch aerogels in biomedical applications, particularly for bone regeneration. aerogels, alginate, starch, tissue engineering, supercritical fluids, CO2 induced gelation. (undefined

The application of omics techniques to understand the role of the gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease

The aetiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) involves the complex interaction between a patient’s genetic predisposition, environment, gut microbiota and immune system. Currently, however, it is not known if the distinctive perturbations of the gut microbiota that appear to accompany both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are the cause of, or the result of, the intestinal inflammation that characterizes IBD. With the utilization of novel systems biology technologies, we can now begin to understand not only details about compositional changes in the gut microbiota in IBD, but increasingly also the alterations in microbiota function that accompany these. Technologies such as metagenomics, metataxomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics and metabonomics are therefore allowing us a deeper understanding of the role of the microbiota in IBD. Furthermore, the integration of these systems biology technologies through advancing computational and statistical techniques are beginning to understand the microbiome interactions that both contribute to health and diseased states in IBD. This review aims to explore how such systems biology technologies are advancing our understanding of the gut microbiota, and their potential role in delineating the aetiology, development and clinical care of IBD

A validation of the Oswestry Spinal Risk Index

Purpose The purpose of this study was to validate the Oswestry Spinal Risk Index (OSRI) in an external population. The OSRI predicts survival in patients with metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC). Methods We analysed the data of 100 patients undergoing surgical intervention for MSCC at a tertiary spinal unit and recorded the primary tumour pathology and Karnofsky performance status to calculate the OSRI. Logistic regression models and survival plots were applied to the data in accordance with the original paper. Results Lower OSRI scores predicted longer survival. The OSRI score predicted survival accurately in 74% of cases (p = 0.004). Conclusions Our study has found that the OSRI is a significant predictor of survival at levels similar to those of the original authors and is a useful and simple tool in aiding complex decision making in patients presenting with MSC

Physical mapping integrated with syntenic analysis to characterize the gene space of the long arm of wheat chromosome 1A

Background: Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide and its production faces pressing challenges, the solution of which demands genome information. However, the large, highly repetitive hexaploid wheat genome has been considered intractable to standard sequencing approaches. Therefore the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC) proposes to map and sequence the genome on a chromosome-by-chromosome basis. Methodology/Principal Findings: We have constructed a physical map of the long arm of bread wheat chromosome 1A using chromosome-specific BAC libraries by High Information Content Fingerprinting (HICF). Two alternative methods (FPC and LTC) were used to assemble the fingerprints into a high-resolution physical map of the chromosome arm. A total of 365 molecular markers were added to the map, in addition to 1122 putative unique transcripts that were identified by microarray hybridization. The final map consists of 1180 FPC based or 583 LTC based contigs. Conclusions/Significance: The physical map presented here marks an important step forward in mapping of hexaploid bread wheat. The map is orders of magnitude more detailed than previously available maps of this chromosome, and the assignment of over a thousand putative expressed gene sequences to specific map locations will greatly assist future functional studies. This map will be an essential tool for future sequencing of and positional cloning within chromosome 1A