Coach-Athlete Philosophy and Team Cohesion in Collegiate Women\u27s Basketball

The study examined the effects of coach-athlete philosophy of various collegiate level women\u27s basketball teams on team cohesion levels as perceived by the athletes. The philosophic orientation of head coaches (n = 4) and athletes (n = 43) was determined by use of the Philosophic Affiliation Team Survey (PATS). The team cohesion levels, as scored by the Group Environment Questionnaire, GEQ (Carron, Windmeyer, & Brawley, 1985), were compared between those coaches and athletes who displayed a philosophic match and those who did not match. Specifically, the purposes were to a) determine if those athletes who matched the philosophy of their head coach (PATS) scored higher in team cohesion than those athletes who did not match their coach\u27s philosophy, b) determine in which subscales of team cohesion the coach-athlete match subjects (n = 29) scored higher, and c) determine if the PATS displayed concurrent validity with a parent test (Zeigler, 1989). MANOVA results indicated a significant main effect for philosophy match (Wilk\u27s Lambda = .44, F(4, 38) = 12.27, p \u3c .0001). Total structure coefficients for GEQ subscales were r = .99 (GI-T), r = .87 (GEQ Total), r = .71 (GI-S), r = .48 (ATG-T), and r = .45 (ATG-S), indicating that each aspect of team cohesion significantly differentiated athletes whose philosophy matched their coach from those whose philosophy did not match. Examination of the total structure coefficients indicated that while all GEQ subscales could significantly differentiate athletes that matched their head coach\u27s philosophy, Group Integration-Task (r = .99) and Group Integration-Social (r = .71) were especially meaningful in this relationship. Post hoc follow-up tests indicated that the Division II level college team produced the highest total cohesion mean (M = 140.30), compared to the Junior College (M= 113.23) and the Division I (major) (M = 110.90) teams. In turn, both of these teams measured significantly higher mean values than the Division I (mid-major) school (M= 91.80). The PATS showed no significant overall concurrent validity with the parent test (Zeigler, 1989), as evidenced by low overall correlations between the PATS results and their scores on the respective subscales of the parent test. Despite the lack of support for the validity of the PATS, there was a significant level of concurrent validity (r = .39, p \u3c .05) on the idealist scale, indicating if the subject was classified as an idealist on Zeigler\u27s survey (1989), then the subject would most likely be classified as an idealist on the PATS. Overall results provided high levels of support for the influence of coach-athlete philosophic match on team cohesion levels as perceived by the athletes. Results are discussed for the potential of the coach-athlete philosophic orientation in the study of sport philosophy based on the current findings and the importance of team cohesion in building success within athletic teams

Coach-Athlete Philosophy and Team Cohesion in Collegiate Women\u27s Basketball

The study examined the effects of coach-athlete philosophy of various collegiate level women\u27s basketball teams on team cohesion levels as perceived by the athletes. The philosophic orientation of head coaches (n = 4) and athletes (n = 43) was determined by use of the Philosophic Affiliation Team Survey (PATS). The team cohesion levels, as scored by the Group Environment Questionnaire, GEQ (Carron, Windmeyer, & Brawley, 1985), were compared between those coaches and athletes who displayed a philosophic match and those who did not match. Specifically, the purposes were to a) determine if those athletes who matched the philosophy of their head coach (PATS) scored higher in team cohesion than those athletes who did not match their coach\u27s philosophy, b) determine in which subscales of team cohesion the coach-athlete match subjects (n = 29) scored higher, and c) determine if the PATS displayed concurrent validity with a parent test (Zeigler, 1989). MANOVA results indicated a significant main effect for philosophy match (Wilk\u27s Lambda = .44, F(4, 38) = 12.27, p \u3c .0001). Total structure coefficients for GEQ subscales were r = .99 (GI-T), r = .87 (GEQ Total), r = .71 (GI-S), r = .48 (ATG-T), and r = .45 (ATG-S), indicating that each aspect of team cohesion significantly differentiated athletes whose philosophy matched their coach from those whose philosophy did not match. Examination of the total structure coefficients indicated that while all GEQ subscales could significantly differentiate athletes that matched their head coach\u27s philosophy, Group Integration-Task (r = .99) and Group Integration-Social (r = .71) were especially meaningful in this relationship. Post hoc follow-up tests indicated that the Division II level college team produced the highest total cohesion mean (M = 140.30), compared to the Junior College (M= 113.23) and the Division I (major) (M = 110.90) teams. In turn, both of these teams measured significantly higher mean values than the Division I (mid-major) school (M= 91.80). The PATS showed no significant overall concurrent validity with the parent test (Zeigler, 1989), as evidenced by low overall correlations between the PATS results and their scores on the respective subscales of the parent test. Despite the lack of support for the validity of the PATS, there was a significant level of concurrent validity (r = .39, p \u3c .05) on the idealist scale, indicating if the subject was classified as an idealist on Zeigler\u27s survey (1989), then the subject would most likely be classified as an idealist on the PATS. Overall results provided high levels of support for the influence of coach-athlete philosophic match on team cohesion levels as perceived by the athletes. Results are discussed for the potential of the coach-athlete philosophic orientation in the study of sport philosophy based on the current findings and the importance of team cohesion in building success within athletic teams

The Secondary Blood Vessel System of Segmental Arteries and Dorsal Aorta in Blennius pavo and Zosterisessor ophiocephalus. Histology, Fine Structure and SEM of Vascular Corrosion Casts.

The secondary blood vessel system of the segmental arteries and of the dorsal aorta of the teleost fish Blennius pavo and Zosterisessor ophiocephalus are examined by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and by scanning electron microscopy of appropriately processed tissue and of vascular corrosion casts. Dorsal, lateral and ventral segmental arteries and the caudal portions of the dorsal aorta have a secondary vessel system. The secondary vessels are formed by capillaries which arise from the proximal portions of the segmental arteries and from the caudal parts of the dorsal aorta. In Z. ophiocephalus these capillaries are strongly dilated at their origin, in B. pavo they are less dilated, but more intensively coiled. The secondary vessels establish veins which run parallel to the corresponding primary arteries. At the ultrastructural level the secondary vessels consist of a thin endothelium and a longitudinal and a transversal orientated layer of collagen fibres. Secondary veins lack a basal membrane. A possible function of the secondary vessel system of B. pavo and Z. ophiocephalus as a modified drainage system is discussed

Vascularization of Male Gonads in Blennius pavo (Teleostei, Blenniidae) as Revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy of Vascular Corrosion Casts

The vascular architecture of male gonads of Blennius pavo is studied by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts. Arterial supply to the gonads is by a branch of the first ventral segmental artery of the tail. From the surface of the gonads, this vessel gives rise to branches which supply testes, spermatic ducts, testicular glands, blind pouches, urogenital sinus and urogenital papilla. The testis has a rope-ladder-like capillary network around the seminiferous tubules, while in the testicular gland the capillary network is irregular in form. The spermatic ducts are found to have an exterior capillary network located in the compact connective tissue layer and an interior one, lying subepithelially. Urogenital sinus and urogenital papilla show a multilayered capillary network. Angioarchitecture in mature and immature gonads does not differ

Odabir ukrasa kod male rakovice Maja crispata Risso 1827 (Brachyura, Majidae)

Decoration preferences, position, structure and morphology of the hooked setae were questions addressed in this study. Data were collected through the use of a scanning electron microscope. The location of the hooked setae on the exoskeleton was mapped. Spider crabs (family Majidae) often decorate themselves. They put pieces of marine organisms among the hooked setae of the exoskeleton. The decoration might serve as protection from visual predators. M. crispata is an opportunist that uses several algae, based on the abundance of the available algae and the morphological structure. M. crispata also is a generalist: it attempts to look less like a crab in order to become invisible to its visual predators.U ovom radu obrađuju se pitanja odabira dekoracija, položaja, strukture i morfologije kukastih seta. Podaci su prikupljeni pomoću skenirajućeg elektronskog mikroskopa. Ucrtavan je položaj kukastih seta na egzoskeletu. Rakovice (porodica Majidae) se često ukrašuju. Među kukaste sete na svom egzoskeletu stavljaju dijelove morskih organizama. Ta dekoracija može služiti kao zaštita od vizualnih predatora. M. crispata je oportunist koji koristi nekoliko algi, ovisno o brojnosti dostupnih algi i morfološkoj strukturi. M. crispata je također generalist: pokušava što manje izgledati kao rak da bi tako postala što manje vidljiva svojim vizualnim predatorima

The Vascularization of the Skin of the Atlantic Hagfish, Myxine glutinosa L. as Revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy of Vascular Corrosion Casts

The vascularization of three different (A, B, C) skin regions (from the level of the heart to the cloaca including dorsal, lateral and ventral skin areas) of the Atlantic hagfish, Myxine glutinosa L. was studied by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts. Vessel variables were measured either from semithin sections (diameters) or from vascular corrosion casts (diameters, lengths) and total blood capacities as well as vessel surfaces per unit skin area (mm2) were calculated. There are no significant differences in the number of subepidermal capillary meshes (ranging from 164 to 185 meshes per micrograph) in areas A, B or C nor in vessel lengths. The average vessel length per mm2 is 32 mm. Assuming an average diameter of 22.3 μm these vessels have an average surface of 2.24 mm2 and a volume of 12.5 nanoliters (nl). In contrary weighing two pieces ( 5 mm times 5 mm in size) of the whole skin vascular bed - knowing the density of the casting medium -results in only one fifth of that volume. Overestimation of vessel lengths and diameters by measuring casted structures from micrographs on the one hand and inaccuracies in weighing or dissection of casted skin pieces on the other hand are discussed as sources of observed differences

Age and growth, reproduction and diet of a sublittoral population of the rock goby Gobius paganellus (Teleostei, Gobiidae)

Copyright © 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands.Basic biological information for a sublittoral population of the rock goby Gobius paganellus Linnaeus, 1758 is presented based on a 2-year study involving 1680 specimens. The length-weight relationship was given by TW = 0.0089 * TL^3,163 (where TW= total weight in g; TL= total length in mm). Age at length data were inferred by modal analysis of the monthly length-frequency distributions. The parameters of the fitted Von Bertalanffy growth equation (with seasonal component, birth date on the 1st of January) were L1 = 13.8 cm; K = 0.73 yr^-1; to = -0.22 yr; C = 0.95; W = 0.07. This growth rate is much higher than that described for northern Europe populations (where K is about 0.3 yr^-1) and is probably associated with a shorter life span. Macroscopic examination of the gonads, and analysis of the monthly values of the gonadosomatic index, indicated that reproduction occurs in winter and early spring, with a maximum in February and March, when water temperatures are lowest. Individuals become sexually mature around 6-7 cm TL, a size that can be reached in less than 1 year. By contrast, individuals of this goby in the British Isles mature in their second or third year. Stomach contents were mainly small benthic invertebrates, predominantly crustaceans