Litiasis recidivante en cachorro Schnauzer miniatura. Reporte de un caso

La formación de cálculos urinarios es un problema clínico importante en perros. Existendiferencias en la tendencia de presentar litiasis entre diversas razas. Se presenta un casode litiasis recidivante en un cachorro, macho, Schnauzer miniatura, que a los dos mesesde edad presentó hematuria y disuria por obstrucción de vías urinarias asociada aetiología litiásica. El cachorro expulsó urolitos en dos ocasiones, a los tres y siete mesesde edad. El análisis morfológico de estos cálculos mostró que el primero estaba formadopor Carbapatita (fosfato de calcio carbonatado cristalizado) correspondiente al tipomorfológico IVa1 y los cálculos del segundo episodio presentaban una combinación deltipo IVa1 + IIa, este último tipo morfológico formado por Weddellita (oxalato de calciodihidratado). Los análisis de orina mostraron pH 6 a 7,5, con bacterias y cristales defosfato triple en dos muestras y de oxalato de calcio en una muestra del total de seisanalizadas. Se administró antibióticos para controlar infecciones urinarias en ambosepisodios litiásicos. El manejo nutricional consistió en alimentación con balanceadoespecial para perros con litiasis desde los 2 hasta los 7 meses de edad. Luego delsegundo episodio litiásico se evitaron los balanceados y se alimentó al cachorro con pollohervido y verduras. Desde la instauración del nuevo régimen nutricional, hace ya más deun año, no se han observado cristales en las muestras de orina, ni se refieren síntomasurinarios en el cachorro hasta la fecha

Frecuencia de hígado graso no alcohólico diagnosticado por ecografía abdominal en pacientes obesos

El hígado graso no alcohólico (HGNA) es una complicación asociada a la obesidad, debido a la acumulación excesiva de grasa en el hígado. Con el objetivo de determinar la frecuencia de hígado graso no alcohólico diagnosticado por ecografía abdominal en pacientes que asisten a la Unidad del Manejo Integral del Paciente Obeso del Hospital de Clínicas, FCM – UNA, se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo que incluyó a 188 pacientes, de los cuales 146 fueron mujeres y 42 hombres, la edad media en los pacientes con diagnóstico de HGNA fue de 41,3±11,4 años con un rango de edad de 20 a 65 años. Los resultados señalan la frecuencia de HGNA con el 56,9% (n=107) por ecografía abdominal, siendo 39,9% (n=75) mujeres y 17% (n=32) hombres, mientras que 43,1% (n=81) presentó hígado de aspecto normal. El 43,9% (n=47) de los pacientes con HGNA exhibió obesidad grado III. Al comparar la circunferencia abdominal en los 107 pacientes con HGNA se obtuvo una media de 139,1±97,8 cm. Con respecto al grado de esteatosis el 43,1% (n=81) mostró grado 0, 31,9% (n=60) grado 1, 20,7% (n=39) grado 2 y 4,3% (n=8) grado 3. Se observaron en los datos de laboratorio elevación de las transaminasas GPT 35,5% (n=38), 25,2% (n=27) en la GOT y 24,3% (n=26) FA, se notó aumento en los valores de las bilirrubinas directa e indirecta, 65,4% (n=70) BD y 69,2% (n=74) BI, por otra parte el 47,7% (n=51) enseñó CT elevado, 49% (n=45,7) HDL disminuido, 36,4% (n=39) LDL elevado y 29% (n=31) con triglicéridos elevados. Se halló que el 69,1% (n=74) de los pacientes con HGNA tienen HTA. Al realizar la comparación de las variables mencionadas entre los pacientes con y sin HGNA, arrojó que las transaminasas GPT, GOT y triglicéridos estuvieron en niveles más altos en los pacientes con HGNA. Se evidenció que la obesidad es un factor determinante para el desarrollo de HGNA, la caracterización del perfil hepático y lipídico, asimismo la presión arterial constituyen puntos fundamentales para asociar el aumento de estos con la presencia de HGNA

The Impact of Attenuated Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) Vaccine on the Efficacy of Subunit Classical Swine Fever Vaccine

Commercial pigs have been routinely injected with multiple vaccines that are either administered separately or co-administered at the same time for convenience, and to minimize pig stress. However, viruses, including attenuated and modified live virus (MLV) vaccines, can modulate host immune responses that could potentially impact the efficacy of co-administered vaccines. Here we report the effects of pre- and co-administered Chinese highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus MLV, JXA1-R, on the efficacy of an emulsion-based classical swine fever virus (CSFV) subunit vaccine, KNB-E2. Immune responses to the CSFV and JXA1-R vaccines were evaluated by testing CSFV-specific and PRRSV-specific sera antibodies and then challenged with CSFV at 4 weeks post KNB-E2 vaccination. Pigs co-administered with JXA1-R vaccine and pigs vaccinated with JXA1-R two weeks before KNB-E2 vaccination had slightly lower CSFV-specific antibodies than pigs vaccinated with KNB-E2 alone at 3 weeks post KNB-E2 vaccination. However, both groups of JXA1-R/KNB-E2 vaccinated pigs were amply protected from CSF clinical symptoms upon challenge. The immunological responses affected by various multiple vaccination combinations in swine would be an interesting aspect for future investiga­tions

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Is Associated With Reduced Morbidity and Mortality in Porcine Circovirus Associated Disease

Porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVAD) is a term used to describe the multifactorial disease syndromes caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2), which can be reproduced in an experimental setting through the co-infection of pigs with PCV-2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The resulting PCVAD-affected pigs represent a subpopulation within the co-infected group. In co-infection studies, the presence of increased microbiome diversity is linked to a reduction in clinical signs. In this study, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was investigated as a means to prevent PCVAD in pigs co-infected with PRRSV and PCV-2d. The sources of the FMT material were high-parity sows with a documented history of high health status and robust litter characteristics. The analysis of the donated FMT material showed the absence of common pathogens along with the presence of diverse microbial phyla and families. One group of pigs (n = 10) was administered the FMT while a control group (n = 10) was administered a sterile mock-transplant. Over the 42-day postinfection period, the FMT group showed fewer PCVAD-affected pigs, as evidenced by a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality in transplanted pigs, along with increased antibody levels. Overall, this study provides evidence that FMT decreases the severity of clinical signs following co-infection with PRRSV and PCV-2 by reducing the prevalence of PCVAD

Veterans’ civilian employment experiences: Lessons learnt from focus groups

Emerging evidence highlights employment as a key factor influencing the success of transition from military to civilian life. Historically, employment programs have focused on improving skills such as resume writing and interview skills. However, it is likely that employment challenges are more than these practical barriers. Four focus groups with employed and unemployed Gulf War Era II veterans were conducted aimed at moving past a practical perspective by gaining experiential understandings of veterans’ employment. Thematic analysis indicated that the veterans’ employment experiences were best understood temporally in two master themes: pretransition and the divergent experiences of veterans who did and did not plan ahead and living the transition and the veterans’ experiences of employment barriers and facilitators. Further to the two master themes, an underlying thread of the need for self-determination was evident. Interpretation of the results led to the development of recommendations for policy, service provision, and future research

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Is Associated With Reduced Morbidity and Mortality in Porcine Circovirus Associated Disease

Porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVAD) is a term used to describe the multi-factorial disease syndromes caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2), which can be reproduced in an experimental setting through the co-infection of pigs with PCV-2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The resulting PCVAD-affected pigs represent a subpopulation within the co-infected group. In co-infection studies, the presence of increased microbiome diversity is linked to a reduction in clinical signs. In this study, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was investigated as a means to prevent PCVAD in pigs co-infected with PRRSV and PCV-2d. The sources of the FMT material were high-parity sows with a documented history of high health status and robust litter characteristics. The analysis of the donated FMT material showed the absence of common pathogens along with the presence of diverse microbial phyla and families. One group of pigs (n = 10) was administered the FMT while a control group (n = 10) was administered a sterile mock-transplant. Over the 42-day post-infection period, the FMT group showed fewer PCVAD-affected pigs, as evidenced by a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality in transplanted pigs, along with increased antibody levels. Overall, this study provides evidence that FMT decreases the severity of clinical signs following co-infection with PRRSV and PCV-2 by reducing the prevalence of PCVAD

Resistance to coronavirus infection in amino peptidase N-deficient pigs

The alphacoronaviruses, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) are sources of high morbidity and mortality in neonatal pigs, a consequence of dehydration caused by the infection and necrosis of enterocytes. The biological relevance of amino peptidase N (ANPEP) as a putative receptor for TGEV and PEDV in pigs was evaluated by using CRISPR/Cas9 to edit exon 2 of ANPEP resulting in a premature stop codon. Knockout pigs possessing the null ANPEP phenotype and age matched wild type pigs were challenged with either PEDV or TGEV. Fecal swabs were collected daily from each animal beginning 1 day prior to challenge with PEDV until the termination of the study. The presence of virus nucleic acid was determined by PCR. ANPEP null pigs did not support infection with TGEV, but retained susceptibility to infection with PEDV. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of PEDV reactivity and absence of TGEV reactivity in the enterocytes lining the ileum in ANPEP null pigs. The different receptor requirements for TGEV and PEDV have important implications in the development of new genetic tools for the control of enteric disease in pigs

Primer reporte de bacterias termo alcalófilas del manantial “Los Baños del Carmen”, Venustiano Carranza, Chiapas, México

Objective: To isolate and to characterize extremophile microoorganism from hot spring manantial “Baños del Carmen” Venustiano Carranza, Chiapas, México. Design/methodology/approach: The samples were collected in three points of the main pit of the site called "Los Baños del Carmen". Serial dilutions were made and plated in LB medium and nutrient agar. Reseed colonies were isolated with different colonial morphology to obtain axenic cultures. Micro and macroscopic morphological characterization of the isolates and a biochemical characterization with the API 20E kit were carried out. Results: Three alkaline thermophilic bacterial strains were successfully found: YEFP-C, YEPF-J, and YEPF-P. All strains were gram-negative an ability to grow at pH 8-10 and 50?C. Also, all them have a fermentative metabolism of carbohydrates and beta-galactosidase activity. Limitations on study/implications: The strategy used was limited to heterotrophic aerobic organisms; however, it is likely that there is a diversity of other types of prokaryotes and eukaryotes on the site. Findings/conclusions: There are extremophile organisms in hot spring “Los Baños del Carmen”, and this work is the first report with scientific evidence.Objetivo: Aislar y caracterizar microbiológicamente bacterias extremófilas del manantial “Baños del Carmen” Venustiano Carranza, Chiapas, México. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Las muestras fueron recolectadas en tres puntos de la fosa principal del sitio. Se realizaron diluciones seriadas y se sembraron en medio LB y agar nutritivo. Se llevaron a cabo resiembras de colonias aisladas con diferente morfología colonial hasta obtener cultivos axénicos. Se llevó a cabo una caracterización morfológica micro y macroscópica de los aislados y una caracterización bioquímica con el kit API 20E Resultados: Tres cepas bacterianas termo alcalófilas fueron encontradas: YEFP-C, YEPF-J, y YEPF-P. Todas las cepas fueron Gram negativas y registraron crecimiento en medios con pH de 8.0 a 10.0 y 50 °C. Además, todas tienen metabolismo fermentativo de carbohidratos y actividad beta galactosidase.  Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: La estrategia utilizada se limitó a organismos aerobios heterotróficos; sin embargo, es probable que exista biodiversidad de otro tipo de organismos procariotes y eucariotes en el sitio. Hallazgos/conclusiones: Existe vida bacteriana extremofila en el manantial “Los Baños del Carmen”. Este es el primer reporte con evidencia científica