Molybdenum-99 (99Mo) Adsorption Profile of Zirconia-Based Materials for 99Mo/99mTc Generator Application

Technetium-99m (99mTc) plays a major role in diagnostic nuclear medicine and has not yet been replaced with any other radionuclides. It is available through the 99Mo/99mTc generator. The use of low-specific-activity 99Mo for 99Mo/99mTc generator application requires high adsorptive capacity sorbents. This study focused on the determination of 99Mo adsorption capacity of several zirconia materials, namely monoclinic nanozirconia, orthorhombic nanozirconia, sulfated zirconia,   and phosphated zirconia. These materials were synthesized by using the sol-gel method and characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The determination of 99Mo adsorption capacity of these materials was carried out by soaking the materials in a Na299MoO4 solution with pH of 3 and 7, at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 90 °C, for 1 and 3 hours. The results indicated that monoclinic nanozirconia has a 99Mo adsorption capacity of 76.9 mg Mo/g, whereas orthorhombic nanozirconia, sulfated zirconia, and phosphated zirconia have 99Mo adsorption capacities of 150.1 mg Mo/g, 15.58 mg Mo/g, and 12.74 mg Mo/g, respectively. It appears that orthorhombic nanozirconia has the highest 99Mo adsorption capacity among the synthesized materials and can be applied as a candidate material for the 99Mo/99mTc generator

The RIKEN integrated database of mammals

The RIKEN integrated database of mammals (http://scinets.org/db/mammal) is the official undertaking to integrate its mammalian databases produced from multiple large-scale programs that have been promoted by the institute. The database integrates not only RIKEN’s original databases, such as FANTOM, the ENU mutagenesis program, the RIKEN Cerebellar Development Transcriptome Database and the Bioresource Database, but also imported data from public databases, such as Ensembl, MGI and biomedical ontologies. Our integrated database has been implemented on the infrastructure of publication medium for databases, termed SciNetS/SciNeS, or the Scientists’ Networking System, where the data and metadata are structured as a semantic web and are downloadable in various standardized formats. The top-level ontology-based implementation of mammal-related data directly integrates the representative knowledge and individual data records in existing databases to ensure advanced cross-database searches and reduced unevenness of the data management operations. Through the development of this database, we propose a novel methodology for the development of standardized comprehensive management of heterogeneous data sets in multiple databases to improve the sustainability, accessibility, utility and publicity of the data of biomedical information

Mechanism and Enantioselectivity in Palladium-Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Arylboronic Acids to β‑Substituted Cyclic Enones: Insights from Computation and Experiment

Enantioselective conjugate additions of arylboronic acids to β-substituted cyclic enones have been previously reported from our laboratories. Air- and moisture-tolerant conditions were achieved with a catalyst derived in situ from palladium(II) trifluoroacetate and the chiral ligand (S)-t-BuPyOx. We now report a combined experimental and computational investigation on the mechanism, the nature of the active catalyst, the origins of the enantioselectivity, and the stereoelectronic effects of the ligand and the substrates of this transformation. Enantioselectivity is controlled primarily by steric repulsions between the t-Bu group of the chiral ligand and the α-methylene hydrogens of the enone substrate in the enantiodetermining carbopalladation step. Computations indicate that the reaction occurs via formation of a cationic arylpalladium(II) species, and subsequent carbopalladation of the enone olefin forms the key carbon–carbon bond. Studies of nonlinear effects and stoichiometric and catalytic reactions of isolated (PyOx)Pd(Ph)I complexes show that a monomeric arylpalladium–ligand complex is the active species in the selectivity-determining step. The addition of water and ammonium hexafluorophosphate synergistically increases the rate of the reaction, corroborating the hypothesis that a cationic palladium species is involved in the reaction pathway. These additives also allow the reaction to be performed at 40 °C and facilitate an expanded substrate scope

Gateways to the FANTOM5 promoter level mammalian expression atlas

The FANTOM5 project investigates transcription initiation activities in more than 1,000 human and mouse primary cells, cell lines and tissues using CAGE. Based on manual curation of sample information and development of an ontology for sample classification, we assemble the resulting data into a centralized data resource (http://fantom.gsc.riken.jp/5/). This resource contains web-based tools and data-access points for the research community to search and extract data related to samples, genes, promoter activities, transcription factors and enhancers across the FANTOM5 atlas. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-014-0560-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Electrodeposition mechanism of aluminium from aluminium chloride-N-(n-butyl)pyridinium chloride room temperature molten salt

Electrodeposition of aluminium has been carried out by controlled-current and controlled-potential methods from acidic aluminum(III) chloride-N-(n-butyl)pyridinium chloride (BPC) molten bath at room temperature. The electrodeposition of aluminium from acidic AlCl3-BPC melt occurs via instantaneous nucleation mechanism in the very initial stage of the crystal growth. The deposition reaction mechanisms of aluminium in the acidic AlCl3-BPC molten bath are revealed by electrochemical analysis. The experimental Tafel sloṕe of 20 mV dec-1 and the calculated transfer coefficient (αc) of 3 suggest that the rate determining step is a chemical reaction involving the release of the complexing agents via three consecutive single electron transfer steps. The influence of various conditions on electrodeposition and the morphology of the electrodeposited layers have been investigated by X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. On increasing the current density smaller particle size and better adhesiveness of the electrodeposited layers have been obtained. The cathodic current efficiency for the deposition of Aluminium is about 99.8%

Electrodeposition of cobalt-chromium alloys from cobalt chloride-N-(n-butyl)pyridinium chloride molten salt

Electrodeposition of cobalt-chromium alloys of different compositions (up to 14 at% Cr) has been carried out onto copper cathode by the pulse potential and the pulse current methods from cobalt chloride-N-(n-butyl)pyridinium chloride (BPC) molten salt containing chromium(II) chloride at 110°C. The magnetic properties of the deposited cobalt-chromium alloys have been investigated. The magnetic polarization of the deposited cobalt-chromium alloys at high fields decreases with the increase of chromium content in the deposit except Co-1.22 at% Cr alloy, with maximum magnetic polarization than the bulk cobalt. The cathodic current efficiency for the deposition of alloy is about 99 %

Electrodeposition of Al-Ti alloys from aluminum chloride-N-(n-butyl)pyridinium chloride room temperature molten salt

Electrodeposition of aluminum-titanium alloys has been carried out onto platinum and mild steel cathodes from 6.14:3.07:0.09 (mole ratio) AlCl3-BPC-TiCl4 molten bath by controlled-potential and pulse potential methods. High concentration of TiCl4 (\u3e0.1 tool dm-3) interferes with the deposition processes of Al and Al-Ti alloys. The deposition of pure titanium from this electrolyte is difficult, but titanium is co-deposited with aluminum in the form of alloys. The morphologies of the electrodeposited layers have been investigated by X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope. The cathodic current efficiency for the deposition of alloys is about 97%

Electrodeposition of Al-Ti alloys from aluminum chloride-N-(<i>n</i>-butyl)pyridinium chloride room temperature molten salt

14-20Electrodeposition of aluminum-titanium alloys has been carried out onto platinum and mild steel cathodes from 6.14:3.07:0.09 (mole ratio) AlCl3-BPC-TiCl4 molten bath by controlled-potential and pulse potential methods. High concentration of TiCl4 (>0.1 mol dm-3) interferes with the deposition processes of Al and Al-Ti alloys. The deposition of pure titanium from this electrolyte is difficult, but titanium is co-deposited with aluminum in the form of alloys. The morphologies of the electrodeposited layers have been investigated by X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope. The cathodic current efficiency for the deposition of alloys is about 97%

Electrodeposition of cobalt from cobalt chloride-<i style="">N</i>-(<i style="">n</i>-butyl)pyridinium chloride molten salt

648-653A molten salt system of CoCl2-N-(n-butyl)pyridinium chloride (BPC) having melting point oC has been developed over a wide composition range (1:2 to 1:1 mole ratio CoCl2-BPC) and the electrodeposition of cobalt has been carried out by constant current and constant potential methods at 110oC. Cobalt cannot be deposited from a CoCl2-BPC melt containing BPC concentration higher than the mole ratio of 1:2, whereas it can be deposited from BPC concentration lower than the mole ratio of 1:2. The deposition reaction mechanisms of cobalt in the CoCl2-BPC molten bath are revealed by electrochemical analysis. The experimental Tafel slope of 62 mV dec-1 and the calculated transfer coefficient (→c) of 1 (one) suggest that the rate determining step is a chemical reaction involving the release of the complexing agents occurring after first charge transfer step. X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope have been used to investigate the influence of electrodeposition conditions and the morphology of the electrodeposited layers. The cathodic current efficiency for the deposition of cobalt is about 98%

Electrodeposition mechanism of aluminium from aluminium chloride-N-(n-butyl)pyridinium chloride room temperature molten salt

317-324<span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:en-in;mso-bidi-language:hi"="" lang="EN-IN">Electrodeposition of aluminium has been carried out by controlled-current and controlled-potential methods from acidic aluminum(III) chloride-N-(n-butyl)pyridinium chloride (BPC) molten bath at room temperature. The electrodeposition of aluminium from acidic AlCl3-BPC melt occurs via instantaneous nucleation mechanism in the very initial stage of the crystal growth. The deposition reaction mechanisms of aluminium in the acidic AlCl3-BPC molten bath are revealed by electrochemical analysis. The experimental Tafel slope of 20 mV dec-1 and the calculated transfer coefficient (αc) of 3 suggest that the rate determining step is a chemical reaction involving the release of the complexing agents via three consecutive single electron transfer steps. The influence of various conditions on electrodeposition and the morphology of the electrodeposited layers have been investigated by X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. On increasing the current density smaller particle size and better adhesiveness of the electrodeposited layers have been obtained. The cathodic current efficiency for the deposition of Aluminium is about 99.8%.</span