On breath sounds

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Improving effectiveness of honeypots: predicting targeted destination port numbers during attacks using J48 algorithm

During recent years, there has been an increase in cyber-crime and cybercriminal activities around the world and as countermeasures, effective attack prevention and detection mechanisms are needed. A popular tool to augment existing attack detection mechanisms is the Honeypot. It serves as a decoy for luring attackers, with the purpose to accumulate essential details about the intruder and techniques used to compromise systems. In this endeavor, such tools need to effectively listen and keep track of ports on hosts such as servers and computers within networks. This paper investigates, analyzes and predicts destination port numbers targeted by attackers in order to improve the effectiveness of honeypots. To achieve the purpose of this paper, the J48 decision tree classifier was applied on a database containing information on cyber-attacks. Results revealed insightful information on key destination port numbers targeted by attackers, in addition to how these targeted ports vary within different regions around the world

A randomised clinical trial on the efficacy of 5% fluorocalcium phosphosilicate-containing novel bioactive glass toothpaste.

Dentine hypersensitivity (DH) is a common and harrowing dental condition. A novel BioMin-F technology that contains 5% fluorocalcium phosphosilicate bioactive glass has been introduced. It forms fluorapatite, which is more stable towards acid erosion. There is a lack of literature with the utility of this toothpaste in treating DH. Therefore, the authors of this randomised clinical trial have aimed to compare and evaluate the efficacy of 5% fluorocalcium phosphosilicate with an 8% arginine and calcium carbonate and placebo toothpaste. A total of 75 patients clinically diagnosed with DH were randomly divided into three groups: Group A, 5% fluorocalcium phosphosilicate; Group B, 8% arginine and calcium carbonate; and Group C, placebo. The DH was evaluated by tactile and evaporative stimuli, and a visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for evaporative stimuli at pre-baseline, baseline (15 days) and post-baseline (1 month). The results showed symptoms of DH were reduced in all three groups. However, Group A showed a better reduction of DH than the other two groups. The toothpaste containing 5% fluorocalcium phosphosilicate was reported to be more efficacious than the other two toothpastes in managing DH. This novel development opens up a unique opportunity in the prevention and management of DH and may also be beneficial in preventing acid erosion of the tooth surface and in the maintenance of oral hygiene by reducing the effects of plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Chronic Lung Disease in Children and Adolescents in Zimbabwe: Chest Radiographic and High-Resolution Computed Tomographic Findings.

Background: Chronic respiratory symptoms are common among children living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We investigated the radiological features of chronic lung disease in children aged 6-16 years receiving antiretroviral therapy for ≥6 months in Harare, Zimbabwe. Methods: Consecutive participants from a HIV clinic underwent clinical assessment and chest radiography. Participants with an abnormal chest radiograph (assessed by a clinician) and/or those meeting a clinical case definition for chronic lung disease underwent high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Radiological studies were scored independently and blindly by 2 thoracic radiologists. Relationships between radiological abnormalities and lung function were examined. Results: Among 193 participants (46% female; median age, 11.2 years; interquartile range, 9.0-12.8 years), the median CD4 cell count was 720/µL (473-947/µL), and 79% had a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) load of <400 copies/mL. The most common chest radiographic finding was ring/tramline opacities (55 of 193 participants; 29%). HRCT scans were evaluated in 84 participants (69%); decreased attenuation (present in 43%) was the dominant abnormality seen. The extent of decreased attenuation was strongly correlated with both the severity and extent of bronchiectasis (rs = 0.68 and P < .001 for both). The extent of decreased attenuation was also negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in first second of expiration (rs = -0.52), forced vital capacity (rs = -0.42), and forced expiratory flow, midexpiratory phase (rs = -0.42) (P < .001 for all). Conclusions: The HRCT findings strongly suggest that obliterative bronchiolitis may be the major cause of chronic lung disease in our cohort. Further studies to understand the pathogenesis and natural history are urgently needed

Internet-based medical education: a realist review of what works, for whom and in what circumstances

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0

A multivariate spatial mixture model for areal data: examining regional differences in standardized test scores

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/108684/1/rssc12061.pd

Acquired Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis Due to Multiple and Unusual HPV Infection Among Vertically-Infected, HIV-Positive Adolescents in Zimbabwe

We have characterized the EV-like dermatosis of acquired HIV in 4 adolescents. Multiple HPV types were isolated in skin tissue samples, including β-HPV, but also high levels of HPV 1 and 2. ARV did not improve the EV eruption

Inflammation and epithelial repair predict mortality, hospital readmission, and growth recovery in complicated severe acute malnutrition.

Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is the most high-risk form of undernutrition, particularly when children require hospitalization for complications. Complicated SAM is a multisystem disease with high inpatient and postdischarge mortality, especially in children with comorbidities such as HIV; however, the underlying pathogenesis of complicated SAM is poorly understood. Targeted multiplex biomarker analysis in children hospitalized with SAM (n = 264) was conducted on plasma samples, and inflammatory markers were assessed on stool samples taken at recruitment, discharge, and 12 to 24 and 48 weeks after discharge from three hospitals in Zimbabwe and Zambia. Compared with adequately nourished controls (n = 173), we found that at baseline, complicated SAM was characterized by systemic, endothelial, and intestinal inflammation, which was exacerbated by HIV infection. This persisted over 48 weeks despite nutritional recovery and was associated with children's outcomes. Baseline plasma concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor, glucagon-like peptide-2, and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein were independently associated with lower mortality or hospital readmission over the following 48 weeks. Following principal components analysis of baseline biomarkers, higher scores of a component representing growth factors was associated with greater weight-for-height z score recovery and lower mortality or hospital readmission over the 48 weeks. Conversely, components representing higher gut and systemic inflammation were associated with higher mortality or hospital readmission. These findings highlight the interplay between inflammation, which damages tissues, and growth factors, which mediate endothelial and epithelial regeneration, and support further studies investigating interventions to reduce inflammation and promote epithelial repair as an approach to reducing mortality and improving nutritional recovery

Successful radiopeptide targeting of metastatic anaplastic meningioma: Case report

A patient with anaplastic meningioma and lung metastases resistant to conventional treatment underwent radiopeptide therapy with 177Lu- DOTA-octreotate in our institute. The treatment resulted in significant improvement in patient's quality of life and inhibition of tumor progression. This case may eventually help to establish the value of radiopeptide therapy in patients with this rare condition

Predicting Patterns of Long-Term CD4 Reconstitution in HIV-Infected Children Starting Antiretroviral Therapy in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Cohort-Based Modelling Study

Long-term immune reconstitution on antiretroviral therapy (ART) has important implications for HIV-infected children, who increasingly survive into adulthood. Children's response to ART differs from adults', and better descriptive and predictive models of reconstitution are needed to guide policy and direct research. We present statistical models characterising, qualitatively and quantitatively, patterns of long-term CD4 recovery