Window defect planar mapping technique

A method of planar mapping defects in a window having an edge surface and a planar surface. The method is comprised of steps for mounting the window on a support surface. Then a light sensitive paper is placed adjacent to the window surface. A light source is positioned adjacent to the window edge. The window is then illuminated with the source of light for a predetermined interval of time. Defects on the surface of the glass, as well as in the interior of the glass are detected by analyzing the developed light sensitive paper. The light source must be in the form of optical fibers or a light tube whose light transmitting ends are placed near the edge surface of the window

Inspection of transparent surfaces using photosensitive paper

Window surface is laid flat on top of photosensitive paper. Opposite side of glass is covered by black cloth. Window edges are then illuminated by light flash through fiber optics. Exposed paper is processed and inspected. Paper shows scratches, bubbles, dust particles, and fingerprints on glass surface

Design of an instrumented smart cutting tool and its implementation and application perspectives

This paper presents an innovative design of a smart cutting tool, using two surface acoustic wave (SAW) strain sensors mounted onto the top and the side surface of the tool shank respectively, and its implementation and application perspectives. This surface acoustic wave-based smart cutting tool is capable of measuring the cutting force and the feed force in a real machining environment, after a calibration process under known cutting conditions. A hybrid dissimilar workpiece is then machined using the SAW-based smart cutting tool. The hybrid dissimilar material is made of two different materials, NiCu alloy (Monel) and steel, welded together to form a single bar; this can be used to simulate an abrupt change in material properties. The property transition zone is successfully detected by the tool; the sensor feedback can then be used to initiate a change in the machining parameters to compensate for the altered material properties.The UK Technology Strategy Board (TSB) for supporting this research (SEEM Project, contract No. BD266E

Adult Age Differences in Response to Sociomoral Violations

Moral judgments and emotional reactions to sociomoral violations are heavily impacted by a perpetrator’s intentions, as malicious intent poses a threat to social harmony. Given that older adults are more motivated to maintain interpersonal harmony relative to younger adults, older adults may be more reactive to malicious intentions. In five studies, I investigated adult age differences in moral judgments and emotional reactions to sociomoral violations. In Studies 1-3, participants read scenarios in which a perpetrator either (a) desired to harm another but nothing happened, or (b) harmed another accidentally without malicious intent. Study 2 incorporated additional scenarios designed to evoke anger and disgust without explicitly implicating another person with the goal of evaluating whether age differences emerge only when sociomoral violations against another are salient. Study 3 examined the combined effects of malicious intent and harmful outcomes by including scenarios in which (a) harmful intentions were coupled with harmful outcomes, and (b) benign intentions were coupled with benign outcomes. Across the first three studies, older adults judged perpetrators who intentionally harmed another more harshly but judged perpetrators who accidentally harmed another more leniently than younger adults. Emotional reactions generally corresponded with the differences in judgments. The findings from Studies 1-3 suggested that malicious intentions more strongly impact older relative to younger adults’ judgments and emotional reactions in sociomoral contexts. Studies 4 and 5 built on the previous three studies by introducing a new factor of interest: the relational closeness of the perpetrator. In Study 4, participants read scenarios in which a perpetrator who is a stranger or a close other either intentionally or accidentally harmed another. In Study 5, participants read the same scenarios, but they were placed on the receiving end of the sociomoral violation. In Study 4, older relative to younger adults reported harsher act judgments and higher anger ratings for intentional harms. For unintentional harms, older adults reported harsher act judgments but comparable anger ratings relative to younger adults. Converging with the findings from the previous four studies, Study 5 found that older adults reported significantly more lenient moral judgments, less negativity, and higher prosocial intentions toward perpetrators who hypothetically harmed them unintentionally compared to younger adults. Conversely, for perpetrators who harmed them intentionally, older adults were only significantly harsher than younger adults in their person judgments. This work, taken together, provides a deeper understanding of how the intentionality of sociomoral violations and the closeness of those committing those sociomoral violations differentially influence older and younger adults’ moral judgements and emotional reactions

Civil War Time: Temporality and Identity in America, 1861-1865

Perception and Relativity The Experience of Time during the Civil War During the first half of the 19th century, Americans both North and South participated in multiple, and sometimes overlapping, systems of time. These included the natural time of the seasons, individual days, ...

Visualising and quantifying 'excess deaths' in Scotland compared with the rest of the UK and the rest of Western Europe

BACKGROUND: Scotland has higher mortality rates than the rest of Western Europe (rWE), with more cardiovascular disease and cancer among older adults; and alcohol-related and drug-related deaths, suicide and violence among younger adults. METHODS: We obtained sex, age-specific and year-specific all-cause mortality rates for Scotland and other populations, and explored differences in mortality both visually and numerically. RESULTS: Scotland's age-specific mortality was higher than the rest of the UK (rUK) since 1950, and has increased. Between the 1950s and 2000s, 'excess deaths' by age 80 per 100 000 population associated with living in Scotland grew from 4341 to 7203 compared with rUK, and from 4132 to 8828 compared with rWE. UK-wide mortality risk compared with rWE also increased, from 240 'excess deaths' in the 1950s to 2320 in the 2000s. Cohorts born in the 1940s and 1950s throughout the UK including Scotland had lower mortality risk than comparable rWE populations, especially for males. Mortality rates were higher in Scotland than rUK and rWE among younger adults from the 1990s onwards suggesting an age-period interaction. CONCLUSIONS: Worsening mortality among young adults in the past 30 years reversed a relative advantage evident for those born between 1950 and 1960. Compared with rWE, Scotland and rUK have followed similar trends but Scotland has started from a worse position and had worse working age-period effects in the 1990s and 2000s