Can Public Trust Rights Re-Emerge?: The Takings Clause Implications of \u3cem\u3eUnited States v. 32.42 Acres of Land\u3c/em\u3e

In 2005, the United States took by eminent domain about 32.42 acres of prime San Diego coastland that had been subject to California’s public tidelands trust. In the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, the California State Lands Commission argued that although the state public trust may not apply to the land while in federal hands post-taking, the trust should re-emerge to burden the property if the federal government later transfers it to a private party. In 2012, the Ninth Circuit rejected this argument, holding in United States v. 32.42 Acres of Land that the federal taking permanently extinguished the state public tidelands trust applicable to the property. This Comment argues that in terminating the state public trust on the San Diego property, the Ninth Circuit failed to consider the degree to which its decision enables unconstitutional evasion of the public use requirement of the Takings Clause by facilitating economic development takings that eliminate a vast amount of public benefit but create relatively little in return

Managing the delivery of iconic football stadiums in England

The English football premier league has become the most popular sports league in the world; with ardent fans and audiences all over the world. The potential business opportunities that this growth holds have therefore attracted investors who are keen to buy shares in the clubs and sign up the best footballers that money can buy. Underpinning the growth in all of the premier league clubs is a desire to make a distinct statement of identity as part of a competitive strategy. One way to achieve this is through the design and construction of iconic football stadiums. This paper explores the specific project management challenges associated with delivery of iconic football stadiums in England and draws lessons for the management of similar iconic infrastructure projects. A study of project management best practice and some case studies shows that key issues which are common to these projects are centred on design management; choice of procurement route; client management; and stakeholder expectation management. These issues are not necessarily unique to the project management of iconic football stadiums but are amplified by the context of these projects. The emphasis on iconic status in a competitive market also means that stadium projects should be conceived and delivered in the context of other strategic projects which should be clearly understood by the project management team

International rivalry in Samoa 1845-1884

The thesis deals with the origin and growth of the interests of Great Britain, Germany, and the United States in Samoa. The first British contact, through the missionaries, (1836) aimed at Christianizing, civilizing, and Angicizing the natives; and thus they prepared the way for political and commercial developments. Commerce was, however largely opportunist, until the utilization of coconut oil in European markets brought merchants to the Pacific for copra. The Hamburg merchants, Godeffroy and Son chose Samoa as the centre for their extensive copra trade. (1854). Plantations tied German interests materially to Samoa, and the fear lest these should suffer, made Germans undesirous of seeing Samoa annexed by another Power. The development of trans-Pacific communications that followed the gold discoveries in the United States, Australia and New Zealand, gave the islands a strategic importance. New Zealand statesmen envisaged advantages in annexation of Samoa and other Polynesian islands for defense, for commercial expansion, and for the suppression of the labour trade. American speculators and adventurers agitated for United States intervention, and the response they received indicated a half-hearted desire on the part of the government for the extension of American interests in the Pacific. Native wars within the islands (1869-1881) threatened to ruin trade and planting. The mutual recognition of interests, embodied in the treaties of the three Powers with the native faction in power at the time in Samoa, (1878-9) led to the joint action of the British, German and American representatives in restoring order. (1888) Co-operation was interrupted in 1884 by the aggressive action of Germans the reflection of a change of policy in Germany. The refusal of New Zealand and the United States to recognize the superiority of German rights led to the impasse of 1885. After this the Somoa question became a part of international diplomacy, the subject of negotiations, upon which the affairs within the islands had comparatively little influence. This last phase is outside the scope of this thesis which deals only with the roots of the problem, before it becomes international.<p

odor discrimination abilities in hygienic honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) using proboscis extension reflex conditioning

To understand the effect of abnormal brood odors on the initiation or control of hygienic behavior in honey bee

Design management: changing roles of the professions

This paper sets out to explore how recent changes in procurement in construction have affected the roles that professions play in the design process. It discusses how professions that traditionally took the role of design manager now find themselves participating within previously unforeseen contexts, working in multidisciplinary teams led by contractors and with changed responsibilities at the design stage. Supply chain members who were not previously involved during the early project phases are being engaged at the earliest phases of the project life cycle and even taking leadership roles while designers sometimes work as supply chain partners. A study of design in construction and other sectors shows that in dealing with design management issues it is critical to deepen appreciation for the unique characteristics of design and the design process. The paper argues that contractors and designers taking on design management roles in a dynamic industry seeking to explore best practice and innovative approaches to procurement and in the delivery of projects need to acquire new skills, management education and develop the necessary qualities

Skills in the green economy: recycling promises in the UK e-waste management sector

In advanced economies the ‘greening’ of the economy is widely seen as promising extensive job creation and upskilling, alongside its other benefits. In popular and policy rhetoric, the growing importance of ‘green skills’ is asserted frequently. This paper critically examines these claims within the context of the electronic waste management sector in the UK. Drawing on the cases of a non profit organisation and a small private enterprise in North West England, we observe that despite government support for developing skills in e-waste, both the development and utilisation of skills remain minimal. Critically, the relatively more skill-intensive process of reuse is substantially less profitable than recycling and resource capture. The paper concludes by noting that the expectations from the green economy for high quality jobs need to be assessed within the context of similar, misplaced celebrations of previous transformations of work in order to avoid recycling the same promises

A framework to assist in the analysis of risks and rewards of adopting BIM for SMEs in the UK

© 2017 The Author(s) Published by VGTU Press and Informa UK Limited, [trading as Taylor & Francis Group]. Building information modelling (BIM) adoption amongst larger construction firms and innovators seems to be on the increase. However, there is evidence to suggest that small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are currently lagging behind and are losing out in winning publicly funded projects. Guidance and frameworks to assist SMEs to make an informed decision about BIM adoption are currently lacking. There has been no systematic effort to date to bring together the results of research in SMEs’ BIM adoption. Consequently, this paper seeks to bridge this gap and provide a conceptual framework to give a theoretical foundation to the study of brokering risks and rewards in the adoption of BIM for project delivery. This framework is comprehensive and includes trading off risks and rewards associated with several criteria, such as stage of involvement, project value, funding, and the procurement route chosen. The approach has been validated by a representative sample of BIM users and the findings of the validation are also presented. The findings of the framework validation reveal that early design stage, project size between £5 m and £50 m, private funding, and integrated project delivery procurement are the best opportunities that enable SMEs to maximise the benefits and minimise the risks, when adopting BIM