Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Gaplek dengan Tingkat Berbeda terhadap Kandungan Nutrisi Silase Limbah Sayuran

The purpose of this research was determined to: 1) the effect of additioning cassava flour with different level against to the nutrition qualities (fat, fiber, protein, and NFE) of vegetable waste silage; 2) the best additioning of cassava flour against to the nutrition qualities (fat, fiber, protein, and NFE) of vegetable waste silage. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments by adding cassava flour as accelerator (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) and with three repetition. Data were analyzed with Analysis of Varians and continued with Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) 0,05. The result of this research showed that waste vegetable silage with different level adding of cassava flour was significant (P<0,05) to the nutrition qualities (fat, fiber, protein, and NFE) of vegetable waste silage. The best treatment for protein contents of vegetable waste silage was addition by 0% cassava flour, 20% for fat and NEF, and 15% for fiber

Pengaruh Suplementasi Hidrolisat Bulu Ayam dan Mineral Organik untuk Meningkatkan Kecernaan Bahan Kering dan Kecernaan Bahan Organik pada Ransum Sapi

This research aimed to study the effect level of supplementation of hydrolyzed feather and mineralorganic on cattle. The experiment was applied in latin square design with three treatment and threereplication. The treatments which consisted a: R0= basal ration, R1=basal ration +3% hydrolyzedfeather, R2=R1+ macro organic minerals (Ca-organic 0,5%, Mg-organic 0,04) and micro mineralsorganic (Zn-organic 40 ppm, Cu-organic 10 ppm, Se-organic 0,10 ppm and Cr-organic 0,30 ppm).Analysis of variance, and countinues with least significant different test at level (P>0,05). The resultshowed that hydrolyzed feather and combination of mineral organic, the data where had no effectingto digestibility of dry matter and organic matter on cattle

Status Nutrien Sapi Peranakan Ongole di Kecamatan Tanjung Bintang Kabupaten Lampung Selatan

This study was conducted in January 2015 in Tanjung Bintang District South Lampung Regency. This study aimed to determine the nutrient status of peranakan ongole cattle based on the feedstuff intake, nutrient content, and the management of feeding used by the peranakan ongole cattle farmers in Tanjung Bintang District. There were 50 farmers interviewed, came from two villages, such as Budi Lestari (25 farmers), and Jati Baru (25 farmers). This study used qualitative approach with survey method, then it was descriptively analyzed. The result of this study showed the feedstuff mostly in the form of pasture. Average dry matter intake was 8,21 kg/cow/day, even the dry matter need was 8,97 kg/cow/day, and average protein intake was 0,72 kg/cow/day, even the protein need was 1,08 kg/cow/day. Thus, nutrient status of peranakan ongole cattle in Tanjung Bintang District South Lampung Regency was stated undernourishied.

Studi Kelayakan Investasi Pendirian SPBU di Monang-maning

&nbsp; Agar tujuan dari Perusahaan dapat tercapai, maka investor perlu memastikan investasi yang dilakukan oleh Perusahaan akan memberikan keuntungan atau tidak. Dalam penelitian berjudul "Studi Kelayakan Investasi Pendirian SPBU di Monang-Maning" ini, dimaksudkan untuk menganalisis kelayakan investasi pendirian SPBU di Monang-Maning. Untuk mengukur kelayakan aspek keuangan penulis menggunakan kriteria penilaian berupa Payback Period, Net Present Value, Profitability Index, dan Internal Rate of Return. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan investasi pendirian SPBU di Monang-Maning ini layak ditinjau dari aspek hukum, aspek lingkungan, aspek pasar dan pemasaran, aspek teknis dan teknologi, aspek manajemen dan SDM. Pada aspek keuangan diperoleh Payback Period 3 tahun 6 hari, NPV sebesar Rp.60.884.639.852,75, PI sebesar 7,118, IRR sebesar 38,208 persen. Investasi tersebut layak untuk dilanjutkan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kata Kunci: studi kelayakan bisnis, investasi, payback period, net present value, profitability index, internal rate of retur

A mutagenicity and cytotoxicity study on Limonium effusum aqueous extracts by Allıum, ames and MTT tests

Nowadays plants or plant extracts have become very important for alternative medicine. Plants and their extracts have many therapeutical advantages but some of them are potentially toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic and teratogenic. Root, stem and leaf parts of Limonium effusum were used in this study and this species is an endemic species for Turkey. Mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of root, stem and leaf aqueous extracts were observed with Allium, Ames and MTT tests. Allium root growth inhibition test and mitotic index studies showed that aqueous extracts have dose-dependent toxic effects. Chromosome aberration studies indicated that especially sticky chromosome, anaphase-telophase disorder and laggard chromosome anomalies were highly observed. Ames test performed with Limonium effusum root aqueous extracts, showed weak mutagenic effects in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 strain with S9. MTT test based on mitochondrial activity indicated that most of the aqueous extracts have cytotoxic effects. This study aimed to determine the possible mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of L. effusum aqueous extracts by using bacterial, plant and mammalian cells. This research showed that some low concentrations of the L. effusum extracts have inhibited cytotoxic effects but high concentrations have induced cytotoxicity. On the other hand only a weak mutagenic activity was identified by Ames test with TA98 S9(+).В настоящее время растения или экстракты растений стали очень важными для альтернативной медицины. Растения и их экстракты имеют много терапевтических преимуществ, однако некоторые из них являются потенциально токсичными, мутагенными, канцерогенными и тератогенными. Корни, стебли и листья Limonium effusum, эндемичного вида Турции, были изучены в этой работе. Мутагенные и цитотоксические эффекты водных экс-трактов корней, стеблей и листьев Limonium effusum были изучены с помощью Allium-теста, теста Эймса и МТТ-теста. Тест на ингибирование роста корней лука и определение митотического индекса показали, что водные экстракты имеют дозозависимый токсичный эффект. При изучении хромосомных аберраций обнаружено большое количество таких аномалий, как слипшиеся хромосомы, нарушения анафазы-телофазы и отставшие хромосомы. Тест Эймса, проведенный на водных экстрактах корней Limonium effusum, показал слабо выраженный мутагенный эффект по отношению к Salmonella typhimurium, штамм TA98 с S9. МТТ-тест, основанный на митохондриальной активности, показал, что большинство экстрактов имели цитотоксические эффекты. Цель этого исследования изучить возможные мутагенные и цитотоксические эффекты водных экстрактов L. effusum с использованием бактериальных, растительных клеток и клеток млекопитающих. Определенные низкие концентрации экстрактов L. effusum ингибировали цитотоксические эффекты, а высокие концентрации индуцировали цитотоксичность. Слабая мутагенная активность была определена только при помощи теста Эймса с TA98 S9(+)

Performances des stations de pompages en irrigation : application aux forages de petits périmètres irrigués de la plaine de Kairouan (Tunisie) et impact des dysfonctionnements sur le prix de l'eau

International audienceLorsqu'une élévation de l'eau de nappes ou une mise en pression est nécessaire au fonctionnement des systèmes modernes d'irrigation dans un périmètre, on utilise presque exclusivement des pompes centrifuges. La facture énergétique représente donc une part importante du coût de l'eau. Or, le rendement de ces machines est très dépendant de leurs conditions de fonctionnement et de leur usure et toute déviation par rapport aux conditions optimales entraîne des surcoûts énergétiques importants. L'objectif est de proposer une méthodologie pour évaluer les performances de ces équipements. Des indicateurs accessibles (énergie unitaire, énergie volumique absorbée réelle, volume spécifique pompé, coefficient de volume spécifique pompé) sont définis et des valeurs de référence fournies à partir des données des constructeurs. Les différentes méthodes d'estimation des volumes pompés sont critiquées. Les tests proposés sur les données volumiques indiquent le type de mesure réalisé pour les volumes pompés ainsi que leur dérive dans le temps (utilisation du débit nominal, compteur volumétrique). Pour les mesures d'énergie, l'absence de synchronisation entre les relevés temporels et énergétiques implique de cumuler les données pour obtenir la puissance consommée - lors de conditions stables de fonctionnement des pompes et si chaque pompe dispose d'un compteur d'énergie. Un ensemble de 18 stations de pompage sur forage alimentant des petits périmètres irrigués de la plaine de Kairouan en Tunisie centrale a été testé. La vétusté des équipements peut engendrer des rendements très faibles dont la conséquence principale est une augmentation des coûts de pompage (consommation énergétique et surcoût de maintenance). Ce diagnostic met donc bien en évidence l'intérêt d'un suivi précis de chaque ouvrage. Les divergences observées dans les ratios entre les volumes pompés et l'énergie consommée par rapport à ceux attendus en conditions optimales de fonctionnement conduisent au raisonnement suivant : si les données obtenues sont justes, le dysfonctionnement provient de l'inadaptation de l'équipement hydroélectrique au fonctionnement hydraulique de l'installation ; ou bien si les données sont fausses, ce dysfonctionnement provient des erreurs de gestion des pompistes et les quantités d'eau pompées sont alors sous-estimées. Dans les deux cas, un surcoût est payé par l'Administration. Dans la moitié des stations, les surcoûts d'énergie dépassent 20 %, voire 50 % pour près du quart d'entre elles

Dissimilar materials laser welding characteristics of stainless steel and titanium alloy

Welding parameters are directly influenced by the work material properties. Thermal properties such as thermal conductivity and melting point are very important to estimate the range of power required and the allowable scanning speed. However, when two or more different materials are involved, modifying lasing parameters are not enough to counter the problems such as imbalance melting region and weak adhesion of contact surface. To counter this problem, the characteristics of welding beads formation for both materials need to be clarified. In this study, comparison of welding beads constructed using the same scanning parameters were done to understand the different and similarity of melted region for the both materials. Actual welding of the both materials were done under different offset distance to obtain a balanced melting area and well mixed melting region

Dual Function of the pUL7-pUL51 Tegument Protein Complex in Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection

The tegument of herpesviruses is a highly complex structural layer between the nucleocapsid and the envelope of virions. Tegument proteins play both structural and regulatory functions during replication and spread, but the interactions and functions of many of these proteins are poorly understood. Here we focus on two tegument proteins from herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), pUL7 and pUL51, which have homologues in all other herpesviruses. We have now identified that HSV-1 pUL7 and pUL51 form a stable and direct protein-protein interaction, their expression levels rely on the presence of each other, and they function as a complex in infected cells. We demonstrate that expression of the pUL7-pUL51 complex is important for efficient HSV-1 assembly and plaque formation. Furthermore, we also discovered that the pUL7-pUL51 complex localizes to focal adhesions at the plasma membrane in both infected cells and in the absence of other viral proteins. The expression of pUL7-pUL51 is important to stabilize focal adhesions and maintain cell morphology in infected cells and cells infected with viruses lacking pUL7 and/or pUL51 round up more rapidly than cells infected with wild-type HSV-1. Our data suggest that, in addition to the previously reported functions in virus assembly and spread for pUL51, the pUL7-pUL51 complex is important for maintaining the attachment of infected cells to their surroundings through modulating the activity of focal adhesion complexes. $\textbf{IMPORTANCE}$: The $\textit{Herpesviridae }$ is a large family of highly successful human and animal pathogens. Virions of these viruses are composed of many different proteins, most of which are contained within the tegument, a complex structural layer between the nucleocapsid and the envelope within virus particles. Tegument proteins have important roles in assembling virus particles as well as modifying host cells to promote virus replication and spread. However, little is known about the function of many tegument proteins during virus replication. Our study focuses on two tegument proteins from herpes simplex virus 1 that are conserved in all herpesviruses: pUL7 and pUL51. We demonstrate that these proteins directly interact and form a functional complex that is important for both virus assembly and modulation of host cell morphology. Further, we identify for the first time that these conserved herpesvirus tegument proteins localize to focal adhesions in addition to cytoplasmic juxtanuclear membranes within infected cells.This work was supported by the Leverhulme Trust (grant RPG-2012-793 to C.M.C.), the Royal Society (University Research Fellowship UF090010 to C.M.C.), and the Royal Society and the Wellcome Trust (Sir Henry Dale Fellowship 098406/Z/12/Z to S.C.G.). L.D. was supported by Wellcome Trust Ph.D. Programme funding (086158/Z/08/Z). D.J.O. was supported by a John Lucas Walker studentship. M.F.A. was supported by a Commonwealth Scholarship Commission PhD scholarship (BDCA-2014-7)

On the subjects of property rights and the ownership pattern problem by the example of the legislation in russia and foreign countries

The article examines scientific views and the development of ideas on the range of matters of property law, starting from the times of Roman law and ending with the codifications of modern civil law. Considerations are expressed regarding the possibility of recognizing the people as a whole as the subject of property rights. The concept of property standards existing in the legislation of Russia and several other countries in the post-Soviet space is analyze