Effect of Urea Usage Rate on Ammoniation of Banana Bunch Waste Pulp on Dry Matter Digestibility Dry Matter, Organic Matter Digestibility, Ammonia, and Volatile Fatty Acids (In Vitro)

Banana bunch waste is an agricultural waste that comes from banana bunches after the banana fruit is harvested. Banana bunch waste can be utilized, one of which is used as animal feed. This study aims to determine the effect of the level of urea use on ammoniation of banana bunch waste pulp on KcBK, KcBO, ammonia, and volatile fatty acids (in vitro). The research was conducted on January 05 - February 05, 2025, at the Laboratory of Ruminant Animal Nutrition and Animal Feed Chemistry, Faculty of Animal Science, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor District, Sumedang Regency, West Java. The method used in this research is an experimental method using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with 4 treatments and 5 replicates. The treatments consisted of the level of urea addition to ammoniation as P0 (0%), P1 (2%), P2 (4%), and P3 (6%). Data processing used analysis of variance and Duncan's test. The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) on KcBK, KcBO, ammonia, and volatile fatty acids. The highest value was obtained in P3 treatment with 62.15% KcBK, 66.60% KcBO, and 168.24 mM of volatile fatty acids. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the processing of banana bunch waste pulp with the ammoniation technique is best using urea as much as 6%

Quality Liquid Organic Fertilizer with Variant C/N Ratio based on Cow Urine and Cichorium Intybus L.

During the composting process, total carbon and nitrogen must be fulfilled calculating C/N ratio. Carbon and nitrogen will be used microorganisme as a source of energy and complement body cells. This study aims to make cow urine a POC that can be an alternative organic material and can improve the quality nutrient. Cow urine and chicory root used to make POC were made using a fermentation methode 51 days, with four treatments where each treatment was repeated five times with C/N 20, C/N 25, C/N 30, and C/N 35. The parameters in this study were nitrogen (N), phosphorus, potassium, and pH. Process this research uses kjedhal, spectrophotometry, gravimetry, and pH. The results showed that the analysis of N, P, K concentrations at the C/N ratios 20, 25, 30, and 35 is 1,75%, 1,85%, 1,95%, and 2,11. Based on analysis, highest NPK was found in C/N 35 spacifically N 1,37%, P 0,18%, and K 0,55% with a total of 2,11%. Nutrient POC is influenced by materials and the decomposing activity of microorganisms. Carbon and nitrogen are important factors in improving nutrient quality. The optimal C/N ratio for composing is 30-40. The pH with the best treatment is C/N 20, which is 6.49. The pH value is influenced by the activity of microorganisms decomposing organic materials

Determinants of Indonesia’s Soybean Meal Imports: An Empirical Analysis for 1990–2022

Indonesia’s heavy reliance on imported soybean meal (SBM) as the primary protein source in the livestock feed industry, particularly the poultry sector, has become a strategic issue for national food security. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing Indonesia’s SBM imports during 1990–2022 using multiple linear regression. Secondary data from FAOSTAT included eight independent variables: chicken population, cattle population, palm kernel production, domestic soybean production, urban population, soybean seed imports, egg production, and pig population. Results show the regression model is significant, with an Adjusted R² of 0.884, indicating that 88.4% of the variation in SBM imports is explained by the variables. Chicken population and urban population have significant positive effects on SBM imports, while palm kernel production and pig population have significant negative effects. Domestic soybean production and soybean seed imports are not significant, suggesting limited substitution potential from local sources. These findings reveal that Indonesia’s feed industry remains highly dependent on imports and vulnerable to external shocks. Strategic policies are recommended, including diversifying local feed ingredients, increasing domestic soybean production, strengthening import regulations, developing local protein extraction technology, and enhancing research and feed information systems

The Effect of the Tithonia diversifolia and Panicum maximum Ratio on Fermentation Quality, Chemical Composition, and In Vitro Digestibility of Silage

The unstable availability of forage throughout the year is a constraint in providing ruminant feed, especially during the dry season. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different mixture ratios of Tithonia diversifolia and Panicum maximum on fermentation quality, chemical composition, and in vitro digestibility of silage. The study used a Completely Randomized Design with five treatment ratios: 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0 (Tithonia: Panicum), each replicated three times. Observed parameters included fermentation quality (pH, ammonia (NH₃) concentration, and lactic acid bacteria population), chemical composition (dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, and ether extract), and in vitro digestibility evaluation (dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, and ether extract). A Pearson correlation analysis was also conducted to determine the relationship between chemical composition and silage digestibility. Results showed that the forage mixture ratio significantly affected most observed parameters. Mixtures with a Tithonia ratio of 50% to 75% produced silage with a low pH, high protein content, and more digestible fiber. The positive relationship between nutrient content and digestibility indicates higher fermentation efficiency with a balanced composition. These findings suggest that using Tithonia as a forage mixture could potentially increase the nutritional efficiency of silage and serve as an alternative forage preservation strategy in tropical region

Effectiveness of Shallot Peel Powder (Allium ascalonicum L.) as Feed Additive on Weight and Broiler Carcass Components

The research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of shallot peel flour on the weight of broiler carcasses and carcasses. The research was carried out from July – September 2024 at the Nutrition and Animal Food Laboratory of Universitas Brawijaya and in the internal cage of PT Ciomas Adisatwa. The research was carried out experimentally using a Complete Random Design with 6 treatments and 5 replicates, each experimental unit had 12 broilers so that the total number of chickens used was 360. The treatment given was P0 (+): Commercial feed, P0 (-):Commercial feed + zinc bacitracin antibiotic 0.1%, P1: Commercial feed + shallot peel flour 0.25%, P2: Commercial feed + shallot peel flour 0.5%, P3: Commercial feed + shallot peel flour 0.75%, and P4: Commercial feed + shallot peel flour 1%. The data is analyzed using Analysis of Variance and continued using the Least Significant Different if there is a real difference. The results showed that the addition of onion peel flour had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the weight of the carcass with the best treatment obtained P3 of 1,960.40 g/head and no significant effect (P>0.05) on the weight of the carcass pieces. The conclusion of this study is that shallot peel flour can be used as a ration additive to increase the weight of broiler carcasses by 0.75%

Reduction of Ammonia Emissions and Fecal pH in Chicken Housing Through Phytobiotic Supplementation in KUB-2 Chickens

The increasing population of Balitbangtan superior native chickens (KUB-2) may cause ammonia emissions and unpleasant odors from feces, reducing the quality of the poultry house environment. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of herbal-based phytobiotic supplementation on ammonia levels, fecal pH, and odor intensity in KUB-2 chickens. The research was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments: P0 (control), P1 (0.25 g phytobiotics), P2 (0.50 g), and P3 (0.75 g), each with four replications and a total of 80 chickens for two months. Observed parameters included ammonia concentration, fecal pH, and odor intensity. The results showed that phytobiotic supplementation significantly reduced ammonia concentration and fecal pH. The P3 treatment achieved the best results with the lowest ammonia level (1.32 ppm), the lowest fecal pH (5.65), and the lowest odor intensity (2.78). It can be concluded that a phytobiotic dosage of 0.75 g per bird is effective in reducing ammonia emissions and improving the environmental quality of KUB-2 chicken housing

The Impact of Brand Image, Product Quality, and Price on Ultra High Temperature (UHT) Milk Purchase Decisions Among Urban Consumers

Perceptions of brand strength, product quality, and pricing increasingly shape urban consumer preferences for milk. This study examines the impact of brand image, product quality, and price on the purchase decisions of Ultra High Temperature (UHT) milk among urban consumers in Samarinda, East Kalimantan. A quantitative approach was applied using descriptive and causal-comparative methods. A total of 150 respondents were selected through convenience sampling, and data were gathered via an online structured questionnaire. Analysis included descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. The findings reveal that brand image, product quality, and price all have a significant and positive influence on purchase decisions. Among these, product quality has the most substantial impact, followed by brand image and price. Consumers tend to favor products that offer consistent taste, packaging, and nutritional value, aligning with their expectations. The results suggest that producers should focus on enhancing product quality and strengthening brand reputation to attract and retain consumers. This study provides practical insights for companies aiming to enhance their marketing strategies and customer engagement in competitive dairy markets, particularly in urban areas where demand for convenient, high-quality milk products is increasing.

Effect of CPO and Catfish Waste Oil Balance Supplemented with Lysoforte Emulsifier in The Ration Digestibility Broiler Chicken

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different rations crude palm oil (CPO) with catfish waste oil (MLIP) supplemented with Lysoforte emulsifier in the diet on nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. The research was conducted from August to December 2024 at the Poultry, Non-Ruminant, and Animal Feed Industry Nutrition Laboratory; Mini Feedmill, Padjadjaran University, Indonesia. The total of 120 day-old chicks (DOC) of Cobb strain were reared for 35 days (5 weeks). The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 dietary treatments and 4 replications per treatment. The treatments consisted of: P1 (3% CPO + Lysoforte), P2 (2% CPO + 1% MLIP + Lysoforte), P3 (1.5% CPO + 1.5% MLIP + Lysoforte), P4 (1% CPO + 2% MLIP + Lysoforte), and P5 (3% MLIP + Lysoforte). The measured parameters included Dry Matter Digestibility (DMD), Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD), and Crude Protein Digestibility (CPD). Data were analyzed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and if significant differences were found, followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test using SPSS version 26. The results showed that the treatments significantly affected (P<0.05) DMD, OMD, and CPD. Treatment P5 (diet containing 3% MLIP + Lysoforte) resulted in the highest nutrient digestibility, yielding dry matter digestibility of 85,85%, organic matter digestibility of 86,75%, and crude protein digestibility of 88,78%

Manufacturing Kefir Starter Culture from Sumbawa Horse Milk Microbes for Potentially Probiotic Drinks

Sumbawa horse milk is local fermented milk products containing lactic acid bacteria and yeast. The microbes have potential to serve as a culture starter for kefir (probiotic drinks) that have benefit patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study aims to make kefir starter culture a probiotic drink for people with type 2 DM. The microbes used as cultures were two isolates of lactic acid bacteria (SKP K.3 : Weissella confusa and SKP K.5 : Lactococcus garvieae) and yeast YGC SKL K.3 (Kazachstania humilis). The starter culture used was lactic acid bacteria 107 CFU/ml and yeast 106 CFU/ml (OD 600: 0.3). Lactic acid bacteria and yeast were inoculated into MRS-glucose with a ratio 1:1 and 3:1. The results of the antagonist test showed that lactic acid bacteria and yeast colonies could grow well on MRS media (5% glucose) without any dominating each other. This indicates that yeast (SKL K.3) can be combined with lactic acid bacteria (SKP K.3 and SKP K.5) as a starter culture for kefir. Kefir starters were inoculated at 0.5% volume of the cow's milk to produce kefir. This research provides initial information that can be used for future studies on the potential microbes in Sumbawa horse milk

Analysis of Broiler’s Production Performance in Semi-Closed House at Campus of POLILAMAN

The purpose of this study was to determine the production performance of broiler chickens raised in a semi-closed house system in the Campus of Lamandau Polytechnic (POLILAMAN). Observations were conducted over 32 days with a population of 100 broiler chickens of the CP 707 strain. The research method used was observational data recording. Primary data were obtained in the form of depletion rate, feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and performance index (PI). The data were analyzed descriptively. The results indicate that, based on the performance index, the performance of broilers raised in the semi-closed house at POLILAMAN campus is categorized as good