2,354 research outputs found
Reunion overseas: introduced wild boars and cultivated orange trees interact in the Brazilian Atlantic forest
Little is known concerning novel interactions between species that typically
interact in their native range but, as a consequence of human activity, are also interacting out of their original
distribution under new ecological conditions. Objective: We investigate the interaction between the orange tree
and wild boar, both of which share Asian origins and have been introduced to the Americas (i.e. the overseas).
Methods: Specifically, we assessed whether i) wild boars consume orange (Citrus sinensis) fruits and seeds
in orchards adjacent to a remnant of the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, ii) the orange seeds are viable after passing
through boar’s digestive tract and iii) whether the orange tree may naturalise in the forest remnant assisted by
wild boars. Results: Our camera surveys indicated that wild boar was by far the most frequent consumer of
orange fruits (40.5 % of camera trap-days). A considerable proportion of sown orange seeds extracted from fresh
boar feces emerged seedlings (27.8 %, N = 386) under controlled greenhouse conditions. Further, 37.6 % of sown
seeds (N = 500) in the forest remnant emerged seedlings in July 2015; however, after ~4 years (March 2019)
only 9 seedlings survived (i.e. 4.8 %, N = 188). Finally, 52 sweet orange seedlings were found during surveys
within the forest remnant which is intensively used by wild boars. This study indicates a high potential of boars
to act as effective seed dispersers of the sweet orange. However, harsh competition with native vegetation and
the incidence of lethal diseases, which quickly kill sweet orange trees under non-agricultural conditions, could
seriously limit orange tree establishment in the forest. Conclusions: Our results have important implications not
only because the wild boar could be a vector of potential invasive species, but also because they disperse seeds
of some native species (e.g. the queen palm, Syagrus romanzofiana) in defaunated forests, where large native
seed dispersers are missing; thus, wild boars could exert critical ecological functions lost due to human activityinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Use of perfusion bioreactors and large animal models for long bone tissue engineering
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) strategies for generation of new bone tissue includes the
combined use of autologous or heterologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and three-dimensional (3D) scaffold
materials serving as structural support for the cells, that develop into tissue-like substitutes under appropriate
in vitro culture conditions. This approach is very important due to the limitations and risks associated with
autologous, as well as allogenic bone grafiting procedures currently used. However, the cultivation of osteoprogenitor
cells in 3D scaffolds presents several challenges, such as the efficient transport of nutrient and oxygen
and removal of waste products from the cells in the interior of the scaffold. In this context, perfusion bioreactor
systems are key components for bone TERM, as many recent studies have shown that such systems can provide
dynamic environments with enhanced diffusion of nutrients and therefore, perfusion can be used to generate
grafts of clinically relevant sizes and shapes. Nevertheless, to determine whether a developed tissue-like substitute
conforms to the requirements of biocompatibility, mechanical stability and safety, it must undergo
rigorous testing both in vitro and in vivo. Results from in vitro studies can be difficult to extrapolate to the in vivo
situation, and for this reason, the use of animal models is often an essential step in the testing of orthopedic
implants before clinical use in humans. This review provides an overview of the concepts, advantages, and
challenges associated with different types of perfusion bioreactor systems, particularly focusing on systems that
may enable the generation of critical size tissue engineered constructs. Furthermore, this review discusses some
of the most frequently used animal models, such as sheep and goats, to study the in vivo functionality of bone
implant materials, in critical size defects.Leandro Gardel acknowledges the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) for the PhD scholarship (ref SFRH/BD/66714/2009)
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Increasing Intelligence In Inter-vehicle Communications To Reduce Traffic Congestions: Experiments In Urban And Highway Environments
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) rely on Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC) to streamline the operation of vehicles by managing vehicle traffic, assisting drivers with safety and sharing information, as well as providing appropriate services for passengers. Traffic congestion is an urban mobility problem, which causes stress to drivers and economic losses. In this context, this work proposes a solution for the detection, dissemination and control of congested roads based on inter-vehicle communication, called INCIDEnT. The main goal of the proposed solution is to reduce the average trip time, CO emissions and fuel consumption by allowing motorists to avoid congested roads. The simulation results show that our proposed solution leads to short delays and a low overhead. Moreover, it is efficient with regard to the coverage of the event and the distance to which the information can be propagated. The findings of the investigation show that the proposed solution leads to (i) high hit rate in the classification of the level of congestion, (ii) a reduction in average trip time, (iii) a reduction in fuel consumption, and (iv) reduced CO emissions118Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2015/11536-4, 2015/18898-9]FAPESP [2014/06330-5]Office of Naval Research GlobalCNPqFAPEMIGFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq
Music Segmentation and Similarity Estimation Applied to a Gaze-Controlled Musical Interface
Assistive technology, especially gaze-controlled, can promote accessibility, health care, well-being and inclusion for impaired people, including musical activities that can be supported by interfaces controlled using eye tracking. Also, the Internet growth has allowed access to a huge digital music database, which can contribute to a new form of music creation. In this paper, we propose the application of Music Information Retrieval techniques for music segmentation and similarity identification, aiming at the development of a new form of musical creation using an automatic process and the optimization algorithm Harmony Search to combine segments. These techniques for segmentation and similarity of segments were implemented in an assistive musical interface controlled by eye movement to support musical creation and well-being. The experimental results can be found in [https://bit.ly/2Zl7KSC]
Efeito de leguminosas isoladas e consorciadas com milheto no crescimento de feijoeiro orgânico em plantio direto.
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi de avaliar o efeito de leguminosas isoladas e consorciadas com milheto no crescimento do feijoeiro comum orgânico em sistemas de plantio convencional e direto.CONAFE
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