Evaluation and developmental studies of possible active seismic experiments during the post-Apollo period

Seismic velocity studies pertinent to the lunar crust and mantle are briefly summarized. The compressional and shear wave velocities in loose aggregates are discussed along with the effects of temperature on seismic velocity in compacted powders. Abstracts of papers concerning the lunar structure are included

Analysis and testing of numerical formulas for the initial value problem

Three computer programs for evaluating and testing numerical integration formulas used with fixed stepsize programs to solve initial value systems of ordinary differential equations are described. A program written in PASCAL SERIES, takes as input the differential equations and produces a FORTRAN subroutine for the derivatives of the system and for computing the actual solution through recursive power series techniques. Both of these are used by STAN, a FORTRAN program that interactively displays a discrete analog of the Liapunov stability region of any two dimensional subspace of the system. The derivatives may be used by CLMP, a FORTRAN program, to test the fixed stepsize formula against a good numerical result and interactively display the solutions

Large hydrogen-oxygen ablative chamber test program Final report

Large hydrogen-oxygen albative chambe

Impact of Satellite Sea Surface Salinity Observations on ENSO Predictions from the NASA/GMAO Seasonal Forecast System

We assess the impact of satellite sea surface salinity (SSS) observations on dynamical ENSO forecasts. Assimilation of SSS improves the mixed layer depth (MLD) and modulates the Kelvin waves associated with ENSO. In column 2, the initialization differences between experiments that assimilate SSS minus those withholding SSS assimilation are presented. Column 3 shows examples of forecasts generated for the different phases of ENSO assimilating the different satellite SSS. In general, for all phases of ENSO, SSS assimilation improves forecasts. The far right column compares ensemble means for assimilation of individual and combined SMOS, Aquarius, and SMAP SSS forecasts. Finally, the latest forecasts are presented comparing assimilation versus no- assimilation of satellite SSS for single forecasts over the last year

Engineering model system study for a regenerative fuel cell: Study report

Key design issues of the regenerative fuel cell system concept were studied and a design definition of an alkaline electrolyte based engineering model system or low Earth orbit missions was completed. Definition of key design issues for a regenerative fuel cell system include gaseous reactant storage, shared heat exchangers and high pressure pumps. A power flow diagram for the 75 kW initial space station and the impact of different regenerative fuel cell modular sizes on the total 5 year to orbit weight and volume are determined. System characteristics, an isometric drawing, component sizes and mass and energy balances are determined for the 10 kW engineering model system. An open loop regenerative fuel cell concept is considered for integration of the energy storage system with the life support system of the space station. Technical problems and their solutions, pacing technologies and required developments and demonstrations for the regenerative fuel cell system are defined

Examination of lunar scientific objectives and evaluation and development studies for possible post-Apollo period Semiannual status report, 1 Jul. - 31 Dec. 1970

Lunar seismic velocity models and lunar reverberation calculation

Geophysical framework of northern end of Gulf of California structural province

More than 3,000 gravity observations in the Northern Gulf province, including an underwater gravity survey of the Salton Sea, show the over-all trend of isogal contours to be northwest, parallel to the tectonic pattern dominated by the San Andreas fault system. Contours northeast of the trough trend east, probably reflecting Transverse Range structures in this area. A prominent and linear gradient of 5 mgal/km marks the Banning-Mission Creek fault in the Coachella Valley but dies out southeastward at about the same point the surface trace disappears. The San Jacinto fault zone is characterized by a series of maxima and minima that tend to confirm continuity of this fault zone to the Gulf of California. A 15-20 mgal maximum over the Obsidian Buttes suggests a large anomalous mass at depth, or may be related to contemporaneous metamorphism of the Tertiary sedimentary section that has recently been observed in nearby steam wells. The regional gravity gradient indicates a crustal thickening northwest from the Gulf of California; inferred crustal thicknesses are 32 km at the International Border and 40 km at San Gorgonio Pass. Ten seismic refraction profiles in the Imperial and Coachella Valleys indicate several throughgoing velocity zones, but we are unable to correlate these with known stratigraphic units. The maximum thickness of sediments in the trough appears to be about 6.4 km (21,000 ft) just south of the International Border, with basement becoming shallower both to the north and south. The Salton trough has many geophysical and structural similarities to the Dead Sea rift, but the markedly en echelon pattern of major faults in the Salton trough and Gulf of California appears unique. A particular problem is presented by their orientation, which would suggest left-lateral displacement across the zone rather than the right-lateral displacement that is known to characterize at least the northern end of the province

Geophysical investigations in the Colorado Delta Region

The combined approach of gravity and seismic refraction techniques was used to determine depths of the Cenozoic section and fault patterns of the Colorado delta region. Bouguer gravity anomalies range from −10 to −88 mgal with respect to the International Ellipsoid, and the trend of isogal contours is northwesterly. In the center of the basin, depths to basement estimated from gravity data are less than known minimum depths determined from seismic refraction profiles. This discrepancy suggests density complexities within the deeper parts of the stratigraphic section, an interpretation that is supported by sparse measurements from well samples; local isostatic compensation may also contribute to the discrepancy but is not thought to be the major cause. Measured seismic velocities ranged from 5650 to 20,000 ft/sec, and several consistent velocity zones were widespread above the pre-Tertiary basement; indicated depths to basement varied from 2200 feet to at least 15,400 feet, the greatest depth being near the international border. Many members of the San Andreas fault system are well delineated by gravity and seismic data, including the Elsinore and San Jacinto faults and a fault beneath the Sand Hills. Of these, the San Jacinto fault appears to be the most continuous through the delta region, but all appear to be en echelon to the trend of the San Andreas fault system as a whole

Influence of ozone therapy on oral tissue in modeling of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis

Chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis (CRAS) belongs to the group of chronic, inflammatory, ulcerative diseases of the oral mucosa. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of ozone on the morphofunctional peculiarities of the soft tissues in modeling chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis. We performed experimental investigation for study of the morpho-functional state of tissues of the oral mucosa in CRAS with using of previously proposed and widely used modeling scheme with ovalbumin and aluminum hydroxide. Two groups of animals were formed (Dutch rabbits, males, aging three-month, weighting 2-2.4 kg). Group of 8 animals with obtained mucosal changes was our comparison group. Other group of 8 animals with obtained mucosal changes was treated by ozone therapy. Histological investigation has been performed. Microscopical examination of tissue had shown that ozone therapy reduces inflammation and edema and is useful in wound healing in soft tissue as disappearance of necrobiotic processes, epithelialization of aphthous defect, growth of akantotic bands, pronounced reducing of inflammatory cells and changing of cellular ratio (with of neutrophils part from 38.30±2.46% to 6.34±0.63%, eosinophils from 5.49±0.23% to 2.87±0.05%), restoration of the cellular layers of the epithelium, moderately pronounced sclerosis of the papillary layer of the lamina propria. Described results allow to conclude that correction of tissual changes in chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis could be obtained with ozone therapy using. Хронический рецидивирующий афтозный стоматит (ХРАС) относится к группе хронических, воспалительных, язвенных заболеваний слизистой оболочки полости рта. Целью исследования явилось определение влияния озона на морфофункциональные особенности мягких тканей ротовой полости при моделировании хронического рецидивирующего афтозного стоматита. Проведено экспериментальное исследование для изучения морфофункционального состояния тканей слизистой оболочки полости рта при ХРАС на основе ранее предложенной и широко применяемой модели с использованием овальбумина и гидроксида алюминия. Сформированы две группы животных (голландские кроли, самцы, возраст три месяца, вес 2-2,4 кг). I группа из 8 животных с изменениями слизистой оболочки составила группу сравнения. II группа из 8 животных с изменениями слизистой оболочки ротовой полости получала озонотерапию. Проведено гистологическое исследование. Микроскопическое исследование тканей показало, что озонотерапия уменьшает признаки воспаления, отека и способствует заживлению язвенных дефектов: наблюдается как исчезновение некробиотических процессов, эпителизация афтозных поражений, акантоз, выраженное уменьшение воспалительных клеток и изменение клеточного отношения - нейтрофилы с 38,30±2,46% до 6,34±0,63%, эозинофилы - с 5,49±0,23% до 2,87±0,05%, восстановление клеточных слоев эпителия, умеренно выраженный склероз сосочкового слоя собственной пластинки. Полученные результаты позволяют заключить, что озонотерапия способствует коррекции тканевых изменений при хроническом рецидивирующем афтозном стоматите