Curmudgeonly Advice

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/74807/1/j.1460-2466.2006.00335.x.pd

Democratic Discussion

In this piece one of the country’s most accomplished survey researchers joins forces with a major democratic theorist (they happen to be colleagues at the same institution, the University of Michigan)—and together they try to reconcile what might seem irreconcilable: survey research findings about voter ignorance, on the one hand, with John Stuart Mill’s ideal of government by discussion, on the other. Read them carefully to ascertain the basis of reconciliation, for it is subtle: they extrapolate from John Dewey’s concept of “contingent social practices.” That is undoubtedly a mouthful, but it implies—as you will see—that the relative political sophistication of the citizenry’s many members, the extent to which they “get” what is happening with political debates, varies according to how much competitive politics pulls them in. Citizens have the capacity to follow public debate clearly in their own minds, even if they have no immediate plans for writing effective letters to the editor or speaking at local meetings about an issue. But that ca-pacity depends to a considerable extent on how absorbing the larger political environment is. And sometimes that environment can be very absorbing indeed—as the next article, by John Zaller, shows

Democratic Discussion

Democracy, remarked H. L. Mencken, is the theory that the common people know what they want, and deserve to get it good and hard. Mencken found American politics a droll spectacle and showered contempt on the dullards he named the booboisie. Plenty of other intelligent and perceptive observers have concluded that ordinary citizens are flatly incapable of shouldering the burdens of democracy. Uninformed and uninterested, absorbed in the pressing business of private life, unable to trace out the consequences of political action, citizens possess neither the skills nor the resources required for what Walter Bagehot pithily named government by discussion. In this light, democratic theorists might appear hopelessly naive or romantic, bent on promoting a politics we haven\u27t seen yet, and likely never will. We want here to take the challenge of antidemocratic thought seriously, particularly on the question of the intelligence of democratic discussion. Our aim is to assess the quality of the political conversations that go on between the American public and American leaders. Our special interest is in what citizens have to say, both to each other and to their elected representatives. But assessing the quality of such discussions requires an assessment not only of the skills and interests of citizens but of the political environment in which citizens find themselves: the opportunities for political learning and the quality of political information (Page and Shapiro 1988, 13) that are made available to them. And we want to evaluate both where we are now and where we might be in the future, not in some utopian and unrealizable rendition of American society, but in a foreseeable one. We begin by summarizing Mill\u27s vision of democracy, which accords discussion a central place. Next we review the attack on the possibility of democratic discussion implicitly mounted in recent American survey research, especially as set out in the authoritative and influential writings of Philip Converse. Then, in the heart of the chapter, we examine several different lines of argument and evidence that offer the possibility of modifying Converse\u27s melancholy conclusions. Democratic discussion may be more than just a romantic dream. We needn\u27t be breathless and starry-eyed-determined to see some blue sky in the midst of clouds of disillusioning facts (Schumpeter 1942, 256 )-to resist the thesis that voters are invincibly ignorant

Ethnocentrism as a Short‐Term Force in the 2008 American Presidential Election

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91187/1/AJPS_564_sm_suppmat.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91187/2/j.1540-5907.2011.00564.x.pd

Pengelolaan Sarana Dan Prasarana Praktik Pada Jurusan Tata Busana

The puspose of this research is to describe the management of infrastructure practice in the dressmaking departement at SMK Negeri 3 Bengkulu City” Consists of planning, procurement, inventory, storage, use, maintance and removal. This study used descriptive qualitative approach, and the respondents were the principle, vice principle of infrastructure affarirs, staf facilities and infrastructure, and productive teachers of dressmaking departement. The techniques of data collection used interview, observation and documentation. The result show the management of the practicing facilities of dressmaking departement of secondary at SMK Negeri 3 Bengkulu City was conducated in accordance with applicable regulatons, but there are some aspect of management that are not implemented

Predispositions and the Political Behavior of American Economic Elites: Evidence from Technology Entrepreneurs

Economic elites regularly seek to exert political influence. But what policies do they support? Many accounts implicitly assume economic elites are homogeneous and that increases in their political power will increase inequality. We shed new light on heterogeneity in economic elites' political preferences, arguing that economic elites from an industry can share distinctive preferences due in part to sharing distinctive predispositions. Consequently, how increases in economic elites' influence affect inequality depends on which industry's elites are gaining influence and which policy issues are at stake. We demonstrate our argument with four original surveys, including the two largest political surveys of American economic elites to date: one of technology entrepreneurs—whose influence is burgeoning—and another of campaign donors. We show that technology entrepreneurs support liberal redistributive, social, and globalistic policies but conservative regulatory policies—a bundle of preferences rare among other economic elites. These differences appear to arise partly from their distinctive predispositions

Novel Molecular Architectures Developed for Improved Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Polymer Batteries

Lithium-based polymer batteries for aerospace applications need the ability to operate in temperatures ranging from -70 to 70 C. Current state-of-the-art solid polymer electrolytes (based on amorphous polyethylene oxide, PEO) have acceptable ionic conductivities (10-4 to 10-3 S/cm) only above 60 C. Higher conductivity can be achieved in the current systems by adding solvent or plasticizers to the solid polymer to improve ion transport. However, this can compromise the dimensional and thermal stability of the electrolyte, as well as compatibility with electrode materials. One of NASA Glenn Research Center's objectives in the PERS program is to develop new electrolytes having unique molecular architectures and/or novel ion transport mechanisms, leading to good ionic conductivity at room temperature and below without solvents or plasticizers

Extension Staffing Models to Serve 4-H Clientele in Changing Times

In response to budget cuts in 2002, 4-H staffing models were restructured. The response by University of Idaho Extension was intended to continue meeting the needs of Idaho’s citizens with fewer UI Extension faculty. This staffing reorganization led to the formation of the District III 4-H Team who united to bring stronger 4-H programs to south central Idaho and expand programs to underserved audiences. Information from surveys and interviews over the past seven years reflects the effectiveness, challenges and successes of the District III 4-H Team. In Making the Best Better: 4-H Staffing Patterns and Trends in the Largest Professional Network in the Nation (2007), author Kirk A. Astroth notes a nationwide change in 4-H leadership at the county level from 4-H faculty to program assistants or coordinators. The information gathered in our research may help other states determine staffing models to meet the needs of clientele in these changing times