Nanoparticle shape and thermal radiation on Marangoni Water, Ethylene Glycol and Engine Oil Based Cu, Al2O3 and SWCNTs

The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between particle shape and radiation effects on Marangoni boundary layer flow and heat transfer of water, ethylene glycol and engine oil based Cu, Al2O3 and SWCNTs. There are three types of nanoparticle shapes are considered in this research such as sphere, cylinder and lamina. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are reduced into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by applying similarity transformation which is solved using shooting technique in conjunction with Newton’s method and Runge Kutta algorithm. Temperature profiles are graphically and tabularly provided for the effects of solid volume fraction parameter, radiation parameter and empirical shape factor. The result shows that solid volume fraction and radiation energy gives a good impact on thermal boundary layer. Sphere nanoparticle shape predicts a better result on heat transfer rather than other nanoparticle shapes

Thermal and solutal stratification on MHD nanofluid flow over a porous vertical plate

Nanoparticles have the highest credibility to develop the thermal properties compared to conventional particle fluid suspension. Thermal and solutal stratification on heat and mass transfer induced due to a nanofluid over a porous vertical plate is analyzed. The transport equations engaged in the study include the effect of Brownian motion and thermophoresis particle deposition. The nonlinear governing equations and their related boundary conditions are initially looked into dimensionless forms by similarity variables. The resulting equations are solved numerically utilizing the fourth-fifth order Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method with shooting technique (MAPLE 18). It is investigated that the temperature of the nanofluid and the concentration fraction decelerate with increase in thermal and solutal stratificatio

Floral Biology and Breeding System of Garcinia Imberti Bourd.-A Critically Endangered Tree Species of Western Ghats, Kerala, India

Plant flowering and breeding characteristics are important to understand the reproduction of plant populations. Garcinia imberti belongs to the family Clusiaceae is a critically endangered tree species of Agasthyamalai hills and endemic to Western Ghats, Kerala, India. Present study is to investigate the floral biology and breeding system during 2012-13. The tree species is dioecious. The peak of male and female flowering was observed in Feb-May, but the male flowers were observed one week before the female flower. Female flowers are significantly larger than the male flower. Both sexual morphs have four petals and four sepals in imbricated arrangement. Controlled pollination experiment showed that Garcinia imberti was a self-incompatible species that produced fruits through cross-pollination. According to the field observations after pollination treatments fruit setting was observed as 53.33%, 30.00%, and 36.67% in cross pollination, apomixis and open pollination respectively. This indicates a functionally dioecious mating system and pollination limited fruit set in Garcinia imberti. Female flower bear fruits with 1-2 seeds. Floral visitors observed in only in male flowers. These are not pollinators and they never observed on female flowers

MHD squeezing flow of nanoliquid on a porous stretched surface: numerical study

This work is aimed at conducting a comparative study between two base fluids water as well as ethylene glycol along with nanoparticle (oxide aluminium). Analysis is done for determining unsteadiness between two parallel walls, wherein squeezing of upper wall towards lower is done, while porous stretching surface is lower. The mathematical formulation uses constitutive expression pertaining to viscous nanoliquids. By keeping a variable magnetic field, conduction of nanoliquid is done electrically. The partial differential equations concerning the issue were resolved after transforming to ordinary differential equations by employing forth-fifth Runge-Kutta Fehlberg method. The effect of disparity in various parameters pertaining to temperature, velocity and concentration profile of nanoparticle is first plotted and then tabulated. Based on the obtained results, the velocity field was seen to enhance with rise in squeezing parameter values. Squeezing parameters that possess larger values result in decrease in temperature and concentration profiles of nanoparticles. The heat transfer of nanoliquids was seen to improve with squeezing flow, magnetic field parameter and nanoparticle volume fraction. For the rate of skin friction pertaining to ethylene glycol and water, dominance was seen for magnetic parameter M, suction parameter S and nanoparticle volume fraction parameter

Lie group analysis for the effect of viscosity and thermophoresis particle deposition on free convective heat and mass transfer in the presence of suction/injection

An analysis has been carried out to study heat and mass transfer characteristics of an incompressible and Newtonian fluid having temperature-dependent fluid viscosity and thermophoresis particle deposition over a vertical stretching surface with variable stream condition. The Rosseland approximation is used to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation. The vertical surface is assumed to be permeable so as to allow for possible wall suction or injection. The governing differential equations are derived and transformed using Lie group analysis. The transformed equations are solved numerically by applying Runge-Kutta Gill scheme with shooting technique. Favorable comparisons with previously published work on various special cases of the problem are obtained. Numerical results for the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles for a prescribed temperature-dependent fluid viscosity and thermophoresis particle deposition parameters are presented graphically to elucidate the influence of the various physical parameters

Prospects of Grouper Culture in India

The "Groupers" of the genus Epinephelus are excellent marine food fishes in the Indo Pacific and Carribean regions and have assumed importance for commercial culture in recent year

Is patient acceptance of the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures linked to symptomatology?

peerreview_statement: The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope. aims_and_scope_url: http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=ncen2

Implementation of Fault-tolerant Quantum Logic Gates via Optimal Control

The implementation of fault-tolerant quantum gates on encoded logic qubits is considered. It is shown that transversal implementation of logic gates based on simple geometric control ideas is problematic for realistic physical systems suffering from imperfections such as qubit inhomogeneity or uncontrollable interactions between qubits. However, this problem can be overcome by formulating the task as an optimal control problem and designing efficient algorithms to solve it. In particular, we can find solutions that implement all of the elementary logic gates in a fixed amount of time with limited control resources for the five-qubit stabilizer code. Most importantly, logic gates that are extremely difficult to implement using conventional techniques even for ideal systems, such as the T-gate for the five-qubit stabilizer code, do not appear to pose a problem for optimal control.Comment: 18 pages, ioptex, many figure

Multi-serotype pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage prevalence in vaccine naïve Nepalese children, assessed using molecular serotyping.

Invasive pneumococcal disease is one of the major causes of death in young children in resource poor countries. Nasopharyngeal carriage studies provide insight into the local prevalence of circulating pneumococcal serotypes. There are very few data on the concurrent carriage of multiple pneumococcal serotypes. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and serotype distribution of pneumococci carried in the nasopharynx of young healthy Nepalese children prior to the introduction of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine using a microarray-based molecular serotyping method capable of detecting multi-serotype carriage. We conducted a cross-sectional study of healthy children aged 6 weeks to 24 months from the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal between May and October 2012. Nasopharyngeal swabs were frozen and subsequently plated on selective culture media. DNA extracts of plate sweeps of pneumococcal colonies from these cultures were analysed using a molecular serotyping microarray capable of detecting relative abundance of multiple pneumococcal serotypes. 600 children were enrolled into the study: 199 aged 6 weeks to <6 months, 202 aged 6 months to < 12 months, and 199 aged 12 month to 24 months. Typeable pneumococci were identified in 297/600 (49.5%) of samples with more than one serotype being found in 67/297 (20.2%) of these samples. The serotypes covered by the thirteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine were identified in 44.4% of samples containing typeable pneumococci. Application of a molecular serotyping approach to identification of multiple pneumococcal carriage demonstrates a substantial prevalence of co-colonisation. Continued surveillance utilising this approach following the introduction of routine use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccinates in infants will provide a more accurate understanding of vaccine efficacy against carriage and a better understanding of the dynamics of subsequent serotype and genotype replacement