A complex geo-scientific strategy for landslide hazard mitigation ? from airborne mapping to ground monitoring

International audienceAfter a large landslide event in Sibratsgfäll/Austria several exploration methods were evaluated on their applicability to investigate and monitor landslide areas. The resulting optimised strategy consists of the combined application of airborne electromagnetics, ground geoelectrical measurements and geoelectrical monitoring combined with hydrological and geological mapping and geotechnical modelling. Interdisciplinary communication and discussion was the primary key to assess this complicated hazard situation

Adiciones al conocimiento de los hongos poliporoides de Chiapas

We report 24 polypore species belonging to five families. This study is based on 93 specimens collected in the rain forest that surrounds the archeological zone of Yaxchilán, Chiapas. We made descriptions in accordance with the guidelines of modern taxonomy.Se registran 24 especies de poliporoides incluidas en 14 géneros pertenecientes a cinco familias. Este estudio está basado en 93 ejemplares recolectados en el bosque tropical de los alrededores de la zona arqueológica de Yaxchilán, Chiapas. Se realizaron descripciones de cada una de las especies tomando en cuenta características macro y microscópicas, de acuerdo con los lineamientos que dicta la taxonomía moderna

Non-parametric modeling of the intra-cluster gas using APEX-SZ bolometer imaging data

We demonstrate the usability of mm-wavelength imaging data obtained from the APEX-SZ bolometer array to derive the radial temperature profile of the hot intra-cluster gas out to radius r_500 and beyond. The goal is to study the physical properties of the intra-cluster gas by using a non-parametric de-projection method that is, aside from the assumption of spherical symmetry, free from modeling bias. We use publicly available X-ray imaging data from the XMM-Newton observatory and our Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect (SZE) imaging data from the APEX-SZ experiment at 150 GHz to de-project the density and temperature profiles for the relaxed cluster Abell 2204. We derive the gas density, temperature and entropy profiles assuming spherical symmetry, and obtain the total mass profile under the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium. For comparison with X-ray spectroscopic temperature models, a re-analysis of the recent Chandra observation is done with the latest calibration updates. Using the non-parametric modeling we demonstrate a decrease of gas temperature in the cluster outskirts, and also measure the gas entropy profile. These results are obtained for the first time independently of X-ray spectroscopy, using SZE and X-ray imaging data. The contribution of the SZE systematic uncertainties in measuring T_e at large radii is shown to be small compared to the Chandra systematic spectroscopic errors. The upper limit on M_200 derived from the non-parametric method is consistent with the NFW model prediction from weak lensing analysis.Comment: Replaced with the published version; A&A 519, A29 (2010

The

We present a detailed investigation of the X-ray luminosity (LX)-gas temperature (Tvir) relation of the complete X-ray flux-limited sample of the 64 brightest galaxy clusters in the sky (HIFLUGCS). We study the influence of two astrophysical processes, active galactic nuclei (AGN) heating and intracluster medium (ICM) cooling, on the LX − Tvir relation, simultaneously for the first time. We employ homogeneously determined gas temperatures and central cooling times, measured with Chandra, and information about a central radio source from Mittal and collaborators. We determine best-fit relations for different subsamples using the cool-core strength and the presence of central radio activity as selection criteria. We find the strong cool-core clusters (SCCs) with short cooling times (  7.7 Gyr) to display the shallowest (\hbox{\lx \propto \tvir^{2.42\pm0.21}}). This has the simple implication that on the high-mass scale (Tvir > 2.5   keV) the steepening of the LX − Tvir relation is mainly due to the cooling of the intracluster medium gas. We propose that ICM cooling and AGN heating are both important in shaping the LX − Tvir relation but on different length-scales. While our study indicates that ICM cooling dominates on cluster scales (Tvir > 2.5 keV), we speculate that AGN heating dominates the scaling relation in poor clusters and groups (Tvir < 2.5 keV). The intrinsic scatter about the LX − Tvir relation in X-ray luminosity for the whole sample is 45.4% and varies from a minimum of 34.8% for weak cool-core clusters to a maximum of 59.4% for clusters with no central radio source. The scatter does not decrease if SCC clusters are excluded from the full sample. We find that the contribution of core luminosities within the cooling radius rcool, where the cooling time is 7.7 Gyr and gas cooling may be important, to the total X-ray luminosities amounts to 44% and 15% for the SCC and WCC clusters, respectively. We find that after excising the cooling region, the scatter in the LX − Tvir relation drops from 45.4% to 39.1%, implying that the cooling region contributes  ~27% to the overall scatter. The remaining scatter is largely due to the NCCs. Lastly, the statistical completeness of the sample allows us to quantify and correct for selection effects individually for the subsamples. We find the true SCC fraction to be 25% lower than the observed one and the true normalizations of the LX − Tvir relations to be lower by 12%, 7%, and 17% for SCC, WCC, and NCC clusters, respectively

ADICIONES AL CONOCIMIENTO DE LOS HONGOS POLIPOROIDES DE CHIAPAS

Volume: 101Start Page: 95End Page: 12

Il Suino Nero delle Alpi – Salvataggio e Allevamento

Tutte le razze che non hanno rispettato gli standard produttivi sono scomparse. Ciò è accaduto in particolare nell'ambito suinicolo. Fino a poco tempo fa erano tutti convinti della completa perdita di tutte le razze suine alpine autoctone! Ma nel 2013 alcuni membri della Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria di Parma hanno trovato, in una fattoria didattica, un ultimo gruppo di maiali Valtellinesi (chiamato anche maiale Grigione). La rete alpina Pro Patrimonio Montano* ne ha continuato l'allevamento e ha trovato, dopo intense ricerche, altri due gruppi residui da includere ed evitarne la consanguineità. Questi tre gruppi, con diversa provenienza, costituiscono oggi il pool genetico che rappresenta tutte le razze suine alpine. Dopo tre anni, ci sono di nuovo 73 animali allevati distribuiti in 27 gruppi di allevamento in tre paesi. Precedentemente il Suino Nero e maculato delle Alpi era diffuse tra le montagne delle regioni centrali e sud-orientali delle Alpi Svizzere a nord-ovest della Slovenia. Eppure non sono ancora disponibili dati scientifici ma gli studi sono attualmente intraprese