Long-term evolution of Caspian Sea thermohaline properties reconstructed in an eddy-resolving ocean general circulation model

Decadal variability in Caspian Sea thermohaline properties is investigated using a high-resolution ocean general circulation model including sea ice thermodynamics and air–sea interaction forced by prescribed realistic atmospheric conditions and riverine runoff. The model describes synoptic, seasonal and climatic variations of sea thermohaline structure, water balance, and sea level. A reconstruction experiment was conducted for the period of 1961–2001, covering a major regime shift in the global climate during 1976–1978, which allowed for an investigation of the Caspian Sea response to such significant episodes of climate variability. The model reproduced sea level evolution reasonably well despite the fact that many factors (such as possible seabed changes and insufficiently explored underground water infiltration) were not taken into account in the numerical reconstruction. This supports the hypothesis relating rapid Caspian Sea level rise in 1978–1995 with global climate change, which caused variation in local atmospheric conditions and riverine discharge reflected in the external forcing data used, as is shown in the paper. Other effects of the climatic shift are investigated, including a decrease in salinity in the active layer, strengthening of its stratification and corresponding diminishing of convection. It is also demonstrated that water exchange between the three Caspian basins (northern, middle and southern) plays a crucial role in the formation of their thermohaline regime. The reconstructed long-term trends in seawater salinity (general downtrend after 1978), temperature (overall increase) and density (general downtrend) are studied, including an assessment of the influence of main surface circulation patterns and model error accumulation.</p

Compact Modeling Framework v3.0 for high-resolution global ocean–ice–atmosphere models

We present a new version of the Compact Modeling Framework (CMF3.0) developed for the software environment of stand-alone and coupled global geophysical fluid models. The CMF3.0 is designed for use on high- and ultrahigh-resolution models on massively parallel supercomputers.The key features of the previous CMF, version 2.0, are mentioned to reflect progress in our research. In CMF3.0, the message passing interface (MPI) approach with a high-level abstract driver, optimized coupler interpolation and I/O algorithms is replaced with the Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) paradigm communications scheme, while the central hub architecture evolves into a set of simultaneously working services. Performance tests for both versions are carried out. As an addition, some information about the parallel realization of the EnOI (Ensemble Optimal Interpolation) data assimilation method and the nesting technology, as program services of the CMF3.0, is presented.</p

Force plate monitoring of human hemodynamics

which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background: Noninvasive recording of movements caused by the heartbeat and the blood circulation is known as ballistocardiography. Several studies have shown the capability of a force plate to detect cardiac activity in the human body. The aim of this paper is to present a new method based on differential geometry of curves to handle multivariate time series obtained by ballistocardiographic force plate measurements. Results: We show that the recoils of the body caused by cardiac motion and blood circulation provide a noninvasive method of displaying the motions of the heart muscle and the propagation of the pulse wave along the aorta and its branches. The results are compared with the data obtained invasively during a cardiac catheterization. We show that the described noninvasive method is able to determine the moment of a particular heart movement or the time when the pulse wave reaches certain morphological structure. Conclusions: Monitoring of heart movements and pulse wave propagation may be used e.g. to estimate the aortic pulse wave velocity, which is widely accepted as an index of aortic stiffness wit

Vegetation succession and climate change across the Plio-Pleistocene transition in eastern Azerbaijan, central Eurasia (2.77–2.45 Ma)

The Plio-Pleistocene transition marked a key moment in global climate history, characterised by the onset of major glaciations in the Northern Hemisphere. The palaeoenvironmental history of the Plio-Pleistocene transition is not well known for the Caspian Sea region, despite its importance for global climate dynamics. Here we present an independently 40Ar/39Ar dated, high-resolution terrestrial palynological record spanning the Plio-Pleistocene boundary based on a lacustrine-marine sedimentary sequence from eastern Azerbaijan. Despite complex pollen transport pathways and the proximity of closely stacked mountain vegetation belts in the Greater and Lesser Caucasus, the record shows that regional vegetation responded to Milankovitch forced glacial-interglacial cycles, tentatively correlated with global climatic records spanning MIS G8 to 98 (∼2.77–2.45 Ma). The persistence of mesophilous forests during glacial times indicates that some settings in the South Caspian Basin acted as glacial refugia, and that vegetation response to glaciations was muted by increased moisture availability, linked to Caspian transgression. The palynological record shows a relationship with global [delta]18O stacks and specifically to the obliquity record. We anticipate that precise correlation with the global climatostratigraphic timescale will allow better understanding of the nature and timing of important transgressive events in the Caspian Sea and their relevance on a global scale

Оn the role of eddies in the global ocean meridional heat transport

By means of an eddy-resolving model, calculation of the eddy meridional heat transport (EMHT) in the World Ocean has been performed. Its distribution is associated with intense currents and forms several characteristic types of structures. Comparison with results of other models shows that for the correct reproduction of EMHT, an explicit description of the eddy dynamics is preferable.</jats:p

EVALUATION OF REMOTE WORK IN THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM OF KAZAKHSTAN

Scientific interest in the research topic is due to the fact that in the modern world, the efficiency of civil servants is largely determined by the optimization and automation of business processes in the public administration system, through the introduction of digital solutions .The study of remote forms of work using information and communication technology is a current hot topic in the public administration system in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of the accelerated growth of digitalization .In turn, this article assesses the efficiency of information and communication technology in remote work, using the example of certain state tasks and services in Central state and Local executive bodies, in the civil service of the Republic of Kazakhstan .This study focused on the results of sociological surveys conducted by the Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan for Civil Service Affairs jointly with the World Bank and the Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan .As a result, a number of recommendations have been proposed to improve the effectiveness of the remote work in the public sector