A Novel Single-Source Surface Integral Method to Compute Scattering from Dielectric Objects

Using the traditional surface integral methods, the computation of scattering from a dielectric object requires two equivalent current densities on the boundary of the dielectric. In this paper, we present an approach that requires only a single current density. Our method is based on a surface admittance operator and is applicable to dielectric bodies of arbitrary shape. The formulation results in four times lower memory consumption and up to eight times lower time to solve the linear system than the traditional PMCHWT formulation. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed technique is as accurate as the PMCHWT formulation.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters on November 18, 201

Increasing Students’ Understanding of the Simple Past Tense Using Discovery Learning at VII grade students of SMP Negeri 4 Doloksanggul in Academic Year 2017/218

The purpose of this research is to know whether students\u27 understanding of the simple past tense could be increased by discovery learning. This research was conducted at VII grade students of SMP Negeri 4 Doloksanggul in Academic Year 2017/218.which consisted of 36 students as respondent. This research used Classroom Action Research (CAR) method in solving the students\u27 problem in understanding of the simple past tense. The researcher used the Kurt Lewin\u27s model that consists of four phases, planning, acting, observing and reflecting. There are two kinds of data in this research, namely quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative data can be derived from the test result. Besides, the qualitative data can be derived from the observation, interview and field notes. In analyzing the data, the researcher used descriptive analysis and statistic analysis to know the result of the implementation the Classroom Action Research (CAR) to the students. The result of this study showed that the students\u27 progress during teaching and learning process using discovery learning to increase the students\u27 understanding of the simple past tense was good. It was proved by three data results, first, from the observation result, it showed that the students were more motivated, active and interested in learning simple past tense in the classroom. Second, from interview result, it could be seen that students\u27 skill in understanding of the simple past tense has improved than before in which suitable with interview result with the English teacher. Last, from the test result. It consisted of three tests, namely pretest, posttest 1 and posttest 2. There was found 22.78 point of improvement of students\u27 mean score after using discovery learning. The mean score of the pre-test was 48.19. There were only 8.33% of the whole students who could pass Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM). Then the mean score of posttest 1 was 59.86. The percentage of students was 33.33% who could get the score above Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM). Next, the mean score of posttest 2 was 70.97. In this test, there were 77.78% students who got the score above Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM)

The disaster chronotope : Spatial and temporal learning in governance of extreme events

How does the type of disaster affect the learning among key stakeholder groups? This chapter provides a framework of disaster governance through examination of local and global response strategies based on the spatial and temporal attributes (or chronotope) of disaster events and related discourse. A series of case studies builds on the concept of “panarchy” in resilience and adaptation sciences to reveal the interaction between disasters and the capacity of various stakeholder groups to adjust the rules and assumptions that underlie disaster governance. With particular focus on patterns of learning, we map our findings in a matrix to reveal disasters as complex social-ecological processes at three levels: (1) the small fast-moving local system, (2) the nation-state as the intermediate level in speed and size, and (3) the global community of nation-states as the largest, slowest moving social system

Mechanical Regulation of Wnt/β-catenin Signaling in Bone Cells

poster abstractThe Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is an important regulatory pathway in development and maintenance of various tissues, including bone. Active Wnt interacts with the frizzled/LRP receptor activating dishevelled, which in turn inactivates the GSK-3β complex and allows βcatenin to accumulate in the cytoplasm. β-catenin translocates to the nucleus where it activates a wide number of developmental target genes. Wnt can be sequestered by soluble frizzled related protein causing the inactivation of dishevelled, allowing for activation of the GSK-3β complex. This activated complex binds β-catenin and targets it for degradation. In addition to its other major role as a linker between cadherins and the actin cytoskeleton, β-catenin accumulation in the cytoplasm and subsequent translocation to the nucleus is a key step in the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In bone, wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates skeletal formation, limb development and osteoblast maturation. Both active and inactive wnt/β-catenin signaling regulate bone cell development, active wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes osteoblast formation, while inactive wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibits osteoclast differentiation. Mechanical regulation of bone cells occurs through a process known as mechanotransduction which can be induced by fluid shear stress that occurs across the surfaces of osteoblasts and osteocytes, the effector cells of mechanotransduction. We hypothesize that knocking down β-catenin expression in mouse osteoblasts and osteoprogenitors will change the way these cells respond to fluid shear stress and regulate expression of relevant bone target genes. The future aims of this project are to assess the role of β-catenin during fluid shear stress induced osteoprogenitor cell differentiation by examining the expression of important osteoblast differentiation markers including: runx2, COX2, osteopontin, and osteocalcin and evaluate the significance of β-catenin during differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells

Konflik Orang Cina dan Pribumi di Bagansiapiapi Tahun 1946

The main problem of life in the era of social plurality is a conflict, either between individuals or groups. Conflict can be called as an enduring entity in any difference. Therefore, there is a difference semasih eliminate it is "impossible", but you can do is minimize. The strategy is the implementation of multicultural education in the curriculum, in addition to lack of agreement among the different dialog. However, it should be emphasized that in accordance with the role and function of basic education as transfer value and knowledge (transfer of values and knowledge), then the multicultural education have ideals, namely the realization of peace, justice, brotherhood and social, anti-conflict, violence, and discriminatory

Global Gene Expression Analysis Identifies Age-Related Differences in Knee Joint Transcriptome during the Development of Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis in Mice.

Aging and injury are two major risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA). Yet, very little is known about how aging and injury interact and contribute to OA pathogenesis. In the present study, we examined age- and injury-related molecular changes in mouse knee joints that could contribute to OA. Using RNA-seq, first we profiled the knee joint transcriptome of 10-week-old, 62-week-old, and 95-week-old mice and found that the expression of several inflammatory-response related genes increased as a result of aging, whereas the expression of several genes involved in cartilage metabolism decreased with age. To determine how aging impacts post-traumatic arthritis (PTOA) development, the right knee joints of 10-week-old and 62-week-old mice were injured using a non-invasive tibial compression injury model and injury-induced structural and molecular changes were assessed. At six-week post-injury, 62-week-old mice displayed significantly more cartilage degeneration and osteophyte formation compared with young mice. Although both age groups elicited similar transcriptional responses to injury, 62-week-old mice had higher activation of inflammatory cytokines than 10-week-old mice, whereas cartilage/bone metabolism genes had higher expression in 10-week-old mice, suggesting that the differential expression of these genes might contribute to the differences in PTOA severity observed between these age groups

SOST Inhibits Prostate Cancer Invasion.

Inhibitors of Wnt signaling have been shown to be involved in prostate cancer (PC) metastasis; however the role of Sclerostin (Sost) has not yet been explored. Here we show that elevated Wnt signaling derived from Sost deficient osteoblasts promotes PC invasion, while rhSOST has an inhibitory effect. In contrast, rhDKK1 promotes PC elongation and filopodia formation, morphological changes characteristic of an invasive phenotype. Furthermore, rhDKK1 was found to activate canonical Wnt signaling in PC3 cells, suggesting that SOST and DKK1 have opposing roles on Wnt signaling in this context. Gene expression analysis of PC3 cells co-cultured with OBs exhibiting varying amounts of Wnt signaling identified CRIM1 as one of the transcripts upregulated under highly invasive conditions. We found CRIM1 overexpression to also promote cell-invasion. These findings suggest that bone-derived Wnt signaling may enhance PC tropism by promoting CRIM1 expression and facilitating cancer cell invasion and adhesion to bone. We concluded that SOST and DKK1 have opposing effects on PC3 cell invasion and that bone-derived Wnt signaling positively contributes to the invasive phenotypes of PC3 cells by activating CRIM1 expression and facilitating PC-OB physical interaction. As such, we investigated the effects of high concentrations of SOST in vivo. We found that PC3-cells overexpressing SOST injected via the tail vein in NSG mice did not readily metastasize, and those injected intrafemorally had significantly reduced osteolysis, suggesting that targeting the molecular bone environment may influence bone metastatic prognosis in clinical settings

Methionine Adenosyltransferase 1a (MAT1A) Enhances Cell Survival During Chemotherapy Treatment and is Associated with Drug Resistance in Bladder Cancer PDX Mice.

Bladder cancer is among the top ten most common cancers, with about ~380,000 new cases and ~150,000 deaths per year worldwide. Tumor relapse following chemotherapy treatment has long been a significant challenge towards completely curing cancer. We have utilized a patient-derived bladder cancer xenograft (PDX) platform to characterize molecular mechanisms that contribute to relapse following drug treatment in advanced bladder cancer. Transcriptomic profiling of bladder cancer xenograft tumors by RNA-sequencing analysis, before and after relapse, following a 21-day cisplatin/gemcitabine drug treatment regimen identified methionine adenosyltransferase 1a (MAT1A) as one of the significantly upregulated genes following drug treatment. Survey of patient tumor sections confirmed elevated levels of MAT1A in individuals who received chemotherapy. Overexpression of MAT1A in 5637 bladder cancer cells increased tolerance to gemcitabine and stalled cell proliferation rates, suggesting MAT1A upregulation as a potential mechanism by which bladder cancer cells persist in a quiescent state to evade chemotherapy