Analysis of Machine Learning Techniques for Breast Cancer Prediction

The most frequently happening cancer among Indian women is breast cancer, which is the second most exposed cancer in the world. Here is a chance of fifty percent for fatality in a case as one of two women diagnosed with breast cancer die in the cases of Indian women.  With the rapid population growth, the risk of death incurred by breast cancer is rising exponentially. [2] Breast cancer is the second most severe cancer among all of the cancers already unveiled. A machine learning technique discovers illness which helps clinical staffs in sickness analysis and offers dependable, powerful, and quick reaction just as diminishes the danger of death. In this paper, we look at five administered AI methods named Support vector machine (SVM), K-closest neighbours, irregular woodlands, fake/ Artificial neural organizations (ANNs). The performance of the study is measured with respect to accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, negative predictive value. Furthermore, these strategies were evaluated on exactness review region under bend and beneficiary working trademark bend. At last in this paper we analysed some of different papers to find how they are predicted and what are all the techniques they were used and finally we study the complete research of machine learning techniques for breast cancer

Wound healing activity of topical application of Aloe vera gel in experimental animal models

Aloe vera gel of 50% and 96.4% were tested for its wound healing activity by topical application in experimental rats. The effect of Aloe vera gel on wound healing was evaluated by wound excision model and histopathology was used to study the effect on wound healing. The effect produced by Aloe vera gel with reference to wound contraction, wound closure, decrease in surface area of wound, tissue regeneration at the wound site and histopathological characteristics were significant in treated rats. The effect of Aloe vera gel on biochemical studies revealed significant increase in collagen and decreased hexosamine content and malondialdehyde levels when compared with control. The present study thus provided scientific rationale for the traditional use of Aloe vera gel for management of wounds

Rufinamide: treatment of seizures associated with Lennox–Gastaut syndrome

Rufinamide (RUF) is FDA-approved for adjunctive management of seizures related with Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS). This new anti-epileptic drug (AED) adds to the AEDs previously used for LGS together with valproic acid, lamotrigine, felbamate, and topiramate. Its mechanism of action includes preventive the excessive firing of sodium-dependent action potentials, but RUF also exhibits a broad spectrum of action in animal models. The plasma concentration of other AEDs does not change by the RUF. Dizziness, nausea, diplopia, and ataxia vomiting and somnolence are most common adverse effects taking place with RUF. Status epilepticus has been reported, but were uncommon (0.9%). A recent randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of RUF in patients with LGS and generalized seizures, including atypical absence and tonic-atonic seizures, showed a 32.7% median percentage decreased in total seizures and a 42.5% median percentage decreased in tonic-atonic seizures. RUF also considerably decreased seizure severity. RUF has been studied as adjunctive therapy for partial seizures in adults and adolescents. In a study of three healthy volunteers, an oral dose of 600 mg RUF recognized high absorption and monoexponential elimination with a mean half-life (t½) of 9 hrs. Excretion was mainly renal (85%) and complete (98%) within 7 days

Deficiency in 3′-phosphoglycolate processing in human cells with a hereditary mutation in tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase (TDP1)

Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase (TDP1) is a DNA repair enzyme that removes peptide fragments linked through tyrosine to the 3′ end of DNA, and can also remove 3′-phosphoglycolates (PGs) formed by free radical-mediated DNA cleavage. To assess whether TDP1 is primarily responsible for PG removal during in vitro end joining of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), whole-cell extracts were prepared from lymphoblastoid cells derived either from spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy (SCAN1) patients, who have an inactivating mutation in the active site of TDP1, or from closely matched normal controls. Whereas extracts from normal cells catalyzed conversion of 3′-PG termini, both on single-strand oligomers and on 3′ overhangs of DSBs, to 3′-phosphate termini, extracts of SCAN1 cells did not process either substrate. Addition of recombinant TDP1 to SCAN1 extracts restored 3′-PG removal, allowing subsequent gap filling on the aligned DSB ends. Two of three SCAN1 lines examined were slightly more radiosensitive than normal cells, but only for fractionated radiation in plateau phase. The results suggest that the TDP1 mutation in SCAN1 abolishes the 3′-PG processing activity of the enzyme, and that there are no other enzymes in cell extracts capable of processing protruding 3′-PG termini. However, the lack of severe radiosensitivity suggests that there must be alternative, TDP1-independent pathways for repair of 3′-PG DSBs

Study on awareness and perception towards adverse drug reactions among medical and paramedical students in South India

Background: Pharmacovigilance (PV) programme targets the monitoring of safety of drugs. It aims at promoting patient care and improving public health and also helps to assess the risk-benefit profile of medicines. The aim of the study was to assess public knowledge about medicine information, safety, and adverse drug reaction reporting (ADR) in medical and paramedical student community.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted among medical and paramedical students for the period of six months from November 2021 to April 2022. The questionnaire was adopted from the literature and was validated. Content and face validities were established, and reliability was assessed. In this study a total of 364 participants returned completed questionnaires.Results: In this study, 364 students completely filled the questionnaire and out of 364 participants, 155 were males (42.58%) and 209 (57.41%) were females. Fourth year students 131 (35.98%) are highly participated in this study and indicated that final year B Pharmacy students having the perceptive knowledge towards ADR. Majority of medical and paramedical students known well about the ADRs.Conclusions: The results of this study highlighted that although the scores for knowledge of medicines, and tendency to report ADR were better, the score for knowledge regarding medication safety was unsatisfactory. There is a need for a regular training and the re-enforcement for the ADR reporting among the health care personnel both medical and paramedical students.

Experimental investigation of Green Concrete

Currently, construction costs and sand shortages are increasing day by day. To combat this problem, sand in plastic form is partially replaced by other materials. Plastic waste is recycled in the form of new production materials that can be used as optional components of concrete, making it one of the best ways to deal with plastic waste. These techniques have also proven to be much more cost-effective than traditional methods. This paper proposes using plastic waste as random substitutes (10%, 20%, 30%) for natural river sand and testing for compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and sustainability. purpose. With the amount of plastic used increasing day by day, the disposal of used plastic is a big problem. It was therefore concluded that sand must be replaced by plastic within 20 years so that the shortage of natural aggregates can be effectively dealt with and the used plastic are disposed effectively

Vulnerability of south east coastal villages of India on sea level rise

Sea level rise is one of the evident ill effects of climate change. As per the fifth assessment report of IPCC the rate of sea level rise has increased in recent years as compared to the previous years. The rapid rise in sea level can have devastating effects on the densely populated coastal areas, mainly by way of inundation of low lying habitats. Inundation of highly populated coastal areas exposes the location to coastal hazards and increases the risk to both life and belongings of people at the location. Therefore, identification of vulnerable areas becomes necessary for coastal zone management. The present study maps the Low Elevation Coastal Zones (LECZ) of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu and estimates the vulnerability of each coastal village based on population and elevation. The coastal villages with high percentage of low elevation zones and high population density are the most vulnerable areas and a vulnerability index is formulated as a product of these two variables. Landforms along Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu coast include low lying alluvial plains, bays, tidal mudflats, creeks, ridges, bars, spits, mangrove swamps, marshes, and lagoons, which are subject to sea level rise. Maps for the study were produced using ArcGIS 10. The boundary maps were collected from the DataMeet project and the elevation data from ETOPO1. Population density data were collected from the NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Increase in water level leads to higher rates of erosion that result in beach loss, enhancing the vulnerability of the coastal area to hazards. The analysis shows that Losari Gutlapadu and Sadayankuppam are the most vulnerable villages in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu respectively. Mapping of the vulnerable areas act as advisories and can help the state governments to develop mitigation strategies

High-Resolution Confocal Fluorescence Imaging of Serine Hydrolase Activity in Cryosections - Application to Glioma Brain Unveils Activity Hotspots Originating from Tumor-Associated Neutrophils

Background Serine hydrolases (SHs) are a functionally diverse family of enzymes playing pivotal roles in health and disease and have emerged as important therapeutic targets in many clinical conditions. Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) using fluorophosphonate (FP) probes has been a powerful chemoproteomic approach in studies unveiling roles of SHs in various biological systems. ABPP utilizes cell/tissue proteomes and features the FP-warhead, linked to a fluorescent reporter for in-gel fluorescence imaging or a biotin tag for streptavidin enrichment and LC-MS/MS-based target identification. Existing ABPP approaches characterize global SH activity based on mobility in gel or MS-based target identification and cannot reveal the identity of the cell-type responsible for an individual SH activity originating from complex proteomes. Results Here, by using an activity probe with broad reactivity towards the SH family, we advance the ABPP methodology to glioma brain cryosections, enabling for the first time high-resolution confocal fluorescence imaging of global SH activity in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor-associated cell types were identified by extensive immunohistochemistry on activity probe-labeled sections. Tissue-ABPP indicated heightened SH activity in glioma vs. normal brain and unveiled activity hotspots originating from tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), rather than tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Thorough optimization and validation was provided by parallel gel-based ABPP combined with LC-MS/MS-based target verification. Conclusions Our study advances the ABPP methodology to tissue sections, enabling high-resolution confocal fluorescence imaging of global SH activity in anatomically preserved complex native cellular environment. To achieve global portrait of SH activity throughout the section, a probe with broad reactivity towards the SH family members was employed. As ABPP requires no a priori knowledge of the identity of the target, we envisage no imaginable reason why the presently described approach would not work for sections regardless of species and tissue source.Peer reviewe

Training Manual on "Know Your Marine Biodiversity and Environment (MarBiE 2)" Taxonomy of Marine Organisms

Sustainable fisheries management aims to protect fishery resources to ensure the long-term viability of fish stocks and marine ecosystems. It combines theoretical disciplines, like population dynamics, with practical strategies, like avoiding overfishing and curbing illegal fishing practices. Correct taxonomy and systematics tools permit the classification of practically all fish species. This capacity is of particular value for fisheries management biological and ecological research as well as to issues related to fisheries products for human consumption. However, its usefulness is hindered by the lack of expertise in this area and the decrease in the number of taxonomists. Specimens have to be identified at species level using standard morphometric and meristic procedures applied by taxonomists. With sustainability being the critical issue of the hour, developing a younger breed of qualified taxonomists in the different marine realm is of outmost importance. It is physically difficult to identify and collect data on every organism in an ecosystem; therefore, taxonomic studies focus exclusively on specific taxonomic groups, which highlights their significance. The application of contemporary techniques will enhance our understanding of evolutionary linkages. This can entail educating a new generation of specialists on the systematics of the relevant group or persuading more experienced experts to write assessments of the group. The credibility of species occurrence records from current databases and literature needs to be thoroughly evaluated

High-Resolution Confocal Fluorescence Imaging of Serine Hydrolase Activity in Cryosections - Application to Glioma Brain Unveils Activity Hotspots Originating from Tumor-Associated Neutrophils

Background Serine hydrolases (SHs) are a functionally diverse family of enzymes playing pivotal roles in health and disease and have emerged as important therapeutic targets in many clinical conditions. Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) using fluorophosphonate (FP) probes has been a powerful chemoproteomic approach in studies unveiling roles of SHs in various biological systems. ABPP utilizes cell/tissue proteomes and features the FP-warhead, linked to a fluorescent reporter for in-gel fluorescence imaging or a biotin tag for streptavidin enrichment and LC-MS/MS-based target identification. Existing ABPP approaches characterize global SH activity based on mobility in gel or MS-based target identification and cannot reveal the identity of the cell-type responsible for an individual SH activity originating from complex proteomes. Results Here, by using an activity probe with broad reactivity towards the SH family, we advance the ABPP methodology to glioma brain cryosections, enabling for the first time high-resolution confocal fluorescence imaging of global SH activity in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor-associated cell types were identified by extensive immunohistochemistry on activity probe-labeled sections. Tissue-ABPP indicated heightened SH activity in glioma vs. normal brain and unveiled activity hotspots originating from tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), rather than tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Thorough optimization and validation was provided by parallel gel-based ABPP combined with LC-MS/MS-based target verification. Conclusions Our study advances the ABPP methodology to tissue sections, enabling high-resolution confocal fluorescence imaging of global SH activity in anatomically preserved complex native cellular environment. To achieve global portrait of SH activity throughout the section, a probe with broad reactivity towards the SH family members was employed. As ABPP requires no a priori knowledge of the identity of the target, we envisage no imaginable reason why the presently described approach would not work for sections regardless of species and tissue source.Peer reviewe