Tropospheric HO2 determination by FAGE

The detection efficiency is greatest at low pressures, where the subsequent removal of the HO product by the NO reagent (via HO + NO + M yields HONO + M) is relatively slow. Moreover, nozzle expansion of the air from ambient to low pressures produces a turbulent zone that assists in mixing the reagent with the sample. If the HO product is observed by laser-excited fluorescence, then the other advantages of low-pressure detection by FAGE (Fluorescence Assay with Gas Expansion) also apply. The FAGE instrumental response was calibrated to external HO2 by observing NO decay in the photolysis of HO-CH2O mixtures and by choosing conditions in which HO2 + NO is the only significant NO destruction path. HO2 was determined in urban air

An Archaeological Investigation of Late Archaic Cerros de TrincherasSites in Chihuahua, Mexico

Cerro Juanaqueña is a large cerro de trincheras located in northwestern Chihuahua, in the municipio of Janos. The site was built over 3000 years ago on the summit and slopes of a 140 meter high basalt hill which overlooks the floodplain of the Rio Casas Grandes and its major tributary, the Rio San Pedro. Large constructed terraces cover an area of about 8 hectares, with over 8 kilometers of terrace wall and 108 stone circles. This informe summarizes the investigations undertaken at Cerro Juanaqueña and other related sites under the oficio No. C.A. 401–36/560 (22 de mayo de 1998) authorized by the Consejo de Antropología. The project was funded in 1997 by National Science Foundation (NSF) SBR-97086210 and in 1998 by NSF SBR-9809839

Una Investigación Arqueológica de los Sitios Cerros con Trincheras del Arcaico Tardío en Chihuahua, México

Spanish Este fue el cuarto año de las investigaciones y se realizo durante el mes de junio de 2000, bajo la autorización del Consejo de Arqueología (CA 401-36/0669 y CA 401-36/0710), Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH), y con la concurrencia de los Municipios de Janos, Casas Grandes, Ascención y Galeana, y los Ejidos de Casas Grandes, Hidalgo, y Janos. Este estudio fue auspiciado por la National Science Foundation (SBR- 97086210; SBR-9809839), y dirigido por el Dr. Robert J. Hard y el Arqlgo. John R. Roney. English This was the fourth year of research and was conducted during the month of June 2000 under the authorization of the Board of Archaeology (CA 401-36 / 0669 and CA 401-36 / 0710), National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH ), and with the concurrence of the Municipalities of Janos, Casas Grandes and Galeana Ascención, and Ejidos of Casas Grandes, Hidalgo, and Janos. This study was funded by the National Science Foundation (SBR 97,086,210; SBR-9809839), and directed by Robert J. Hard and John R. Roney

The Measurement of Current Efficiency in Zinc Sulphate Electrolytes Containing Antimony and Cobalt by Hydrogen Evolution

The measurement of current efficiency by hydrogen evolution is based on the assumption that the portion of the current which deposits no zinc will release hydrogen. This assumption is correct for solutions containing no impurities electropositive to zinc

Evolutionary consequences of fishing and their implications for salmon

We review the evidence for fisheries-induced evolution in anadromous salmonids. Salmon are exposed to a variety of fishing gears and intensities as immature or maturing individuals. We evaluate the evidence that fishing is causing evolutionary changes to traits including body size, migration timing and age of maturation, and we discuss the implications for fisheries and conservation. Few studies have fully evaluated the ingredients of fisheries-induced evolution: selection intensity, genetic variability, correlation among traits under selection, and response to selection. Most studies are limited in their ability to separate genetic responses from phenotypic plasticity, and environmental change complicates interpretation. However, strong evidence for selection intensity and for genetic variability in salmon fitness traits indicates that fishing can cause detectable evolution within ten or fewer generations. Evolutionary issues are therefore meaningful considerations in salmon fishery management. Evolutionary biologists have rarely been involved in the development of salmon fishing policy, yet evolutionary biology is relevant to the long-term success of fisheries. Future management might consider fishing policy to (i) allow experimental testing of evolutionary responses to exploitation and (ii) improve the long-term sustainability of the fishery by mitigating unfavorable evolutionary responses to fishing. We provide suggestions for how this might be done

Homosociality in the Classical American Stag Film: Off-Screen, On-Screen

The classical American stag film, a body of clandestine short pornographic films produced during the first two-thirds of the 20th century, has received scholarly attention in several quarters, first from heterosexual male scribes and beneficiaries of the `sexual revolution', and more recently by feminist and queer cultural historians. The present article pursues this study by developing the concept of homosociality in relation to the stag film corpus, both its contextual and textual aspects, and demonstrating its inextricable engagement in the social and specular relations along the continuum of masculinity within American culture. In conclusion, the author compares the stags to another quasi-underground corpus of short erotic films, mail order homoerotic `physique' films of the post-war period, and discovers unexpected parallels and dialogue between the two corpuses at the onset of the `sexual revolution'

Impaired fas-fas ligand interactions result in greater recurrent herpetic stromal keratitis in mice

Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection of the cornea leads to a potentially blinding condition termed herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK). Clinical studies have indicated that disease is primarily associated with recurrent HSK following reactivation of a latent viral infection of the trigeminal ganglia. One of the key factors that limit inflammation of the cornea is the expression of Fas ligand (FasL). We demonstrate that infection of the cornea with HSV-1 results in increased functional expression of FasL and that mice expressing mutations in Fas (lpr) and FasL (gld) display increased recurrent HSK following reactivation compared to wild-type mice. Furthermore, both gld and lpr mice took longer to clear their corneas of infectious virus and the reactivation rate for these strains was significantly greater than that seen with wild-type mice. Collectively, these findings indicate that the interaction of Fas with FasL in the cornea restricts the development of recurrent HSK

Functional and mutational analysis of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein of thylakoid membranes.

Abstract. The precursor for a Lemna light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein (pLHCP) has been synthesized in vitro from a single member of the nuclear LHCP multigene family. We report the sequence of this gene. When incubated with Lemna chloroplasts, the pLHCP is imported and processed into several polypeptides, and the mature form is assembled into the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHC II). The accumulation of the processed LHCP is enhanced by the addition to the chloroplasts of a precursor and a co-factor for chlorophyll biosynthesis. Using a model for the arrangement of the mature polypeptide in the thylakoid membrane as a guide, we have created mutations that lie within the mature coding I N higher plants light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) l located in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane transfer absorbed light energy to photochemical reaction centers (l 9, 46). The major protein component of the LHC of photosystem II (LHC II) of green plants is encoded by a nuclea

A phase 1, single-dose study of fresolimumab, an anti-TGF-β antibody, in treatment-resistant primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a disease with poor prognosis and high unmet therapeutic need. Here, we evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of single-dose infusions of fresolimumab, a human monoclonal antibody that inactivates all forms of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), in a phase I open-label, dose-ranging study. Patients with biopsy-confirmed, treatment-resistant, primary FSGS with a minimum estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 25  ml/min per 1.73  m(2), and a urine protein to creatinine ratio over 1.8  mg/mg were eligible. All 16 patients completed the study in which each received one of four single-dose levels of fresolimumab (up to 4  mg/kg) and was followed for 112 days. Fresolimumab was well tolerated with pustular rash the only adverse event in two patients. One patient was diagnosed with a histologically confirmed primitive neuroectodermal tumor 2 years after fresolimumab treatment. Consistent with treatment-resistant FSGS, there was a slight decline in eGFR (median decline baseline to final of 5.85 ml/min per 1.73  m(2)). Proteinuria fluctuated during the study with the median decline from baseline to final in urine protein to creatinine ratio of 1.2  mg/mg with all three Black patients having a mean decline of 3.6  mg/mg. The half-life of fresolimumab was ∼14 days, and the mean dose-normalized Cmax and area under the curve were independent of dose. Thus, single-dose fresolimumab was well tolerated in patients with primary resistant FSGS. Additional evaluation in a larger dose-ranging study is necessary