Skala Prioritas Pemeliharaan dan Rehabilitasi Jaringan Irigasi Sederhana (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Semarang)

Pemerintah Kabupaten Semarang memiliki 492 jaringan irigasi sederhana. Agar keberlanjutan fungsijaringan irigasi dapat dipertahankan dan ditingkatkan, dilakukan evaluasi penilaian kinerja sistem irigasi denganberpedoman pada Perturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat Nomor 12/PRT/M/2015.Permasalahannya pedoman tersebut hanya untuk jaringan irigasi teknis, pedoman evaluasi untuk jaringan irigasisederhana masih belum ada.Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan cara penelusuran pada 25 jaringan irigasi di Kecamatan Susukanuntuk mendapatkan data kondisi prasarana fisik, wawancara untuk mendapatkan data produktifitas tanam, saranapenunjang, organisasi personalia, dokumentasi dan P3A, serta kuisioner untuk mendapatkan nilai derajatkepentingan antar kriteria. Dari data yang diperoleh, dibuat kriteria evaluasi penilaian kinerja sistem irigasijaringan irigasi sederhana. Hasil evaluasi penilaian kinerja sistem irigasi di Kecamatan Susukan KabupatenSemarang didapatkan kisaran nilai bobot 69,21%, yang berarti Indeks kinerjanya Kurang dan Perlu Perhatian.Dengan menggunakan analytical hierarchy process (AHP) yang diawali penyusunan struktur hirarkidilanjutkan perhitungan bobot tiap-tiap kriteria dan alternatif, didapat urutan skala prioritas pemeliharaan :pertama DI. Kedung Asem dan kedua DI. Kedung Bunder. Dan urutan skala prioritas rehabilitasi: pertama DI.Sitaman dan kedua DI. Dungjati

The Parasitism of Eretmocerus Mundus Mercet (Hymenoptera; Aphelinidae) on Bemisia Tabaci Gennadius (Homoptera; Aleyrodidae) and Its Mass Rearing on Several Alternative Hosts

Sweet potato whitefly Bemisiatabaci Gennadius is one of major pests of vegetables. One of techniques to control this pest is the use of parasitic wasp Eretmocerus mundus Mercet. This research was aimed to find out the effect of host density on level of parasitization and alternative host for mass rearing of E. mundus. This research was carried out at green house of the Departement of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. In parasitization test, the experiment was arranged in a randomized block design consisting of six treatments (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 nymphs ofB. tabaci) and four replications. In alternative host test, five treatments (B. tabaci, Trialeurodessp., Aleurodicus sp., Aleurocanthus sp., and Aphis gossypii) were used. The result showed that host density affected on the parasitization level. The highest parasitization occurred at host density of 200 nymphs,that was 29.25%. Trialeurodes sp. and Aleurodicus sp. can be parasitized by E. mundus with levels of parasitization were 19.6% and 2.6%, respectively. There was no significant different between the parasitization on Trialeurodessp. (19.6%) and B. tabaci (24%). However, the performances of the parasitoid (parasitization level, adult emergence, and host feeding behaviour) reared on B. tabaci was better than those reared on Trialeurodes sp

Pengisian Data Hujan yang Hilang dengan Metode Arima

Hujan merupakan kejadian alam yang umum terjadi diwilayah Indonesia, terutama pada saat musim penghujan. Kelengkapan data hujan merupakan salah satu bagian terpenting dalam kaitannya perencanaan manajemen keairan, menajemen sumber daya air, maupun perencanaan pembangunan, terlebih lagi untuk perencanaan bangunan air. Namun tidak jarang terjadi ketidaklengkapan data pada periode perekaman pada stasiun hujan yang ada di suatu wilayah. Maka dari itu, model hidologi untuk mengisi data hujan yang hilang diperlukan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Dengkeng yang terletak di Kabupaten Klaten, Jawa Tengah. Proses simulasi model diawali dengan mengeliminasi data dengan metode sampling, kemudian melakukan perhitungan dengan model untuk mendapatkan data hujan kembali dengan metode ARIMA (Autoregresive Integrated Moving Average) dan metode Reciprocal. Parameter untuk menilai model adalah dengan melihat Q80 hasil perhitungan berbagai jenis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan korelasi data hujan observasi dengan data hujan simulasi metode Rerata menunjukkan nilai yang tertinggi pada kedua stasiun, yaitu sebesar 0,79 dan 0,94. Berdasarkan perhitungan Q80 diketahui bahwa metode Reciprocal merupakan metode yang paling sesuai untuk mengisi data hujan. Karena, hasil perhitungan Q80 dengan data simulasi Reciprocal mendekati hasil perhitungan Q80 dengan data observasi

Transformasi Hujan-debit Berdasarkan Analisis Tank Model dan Gr2m di DAS Dengkeng

Transformasi hujan-debit adalah proses mengolah data hujan di lapangan menjadi data debitdengan pemodelan hidrologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan Tank Model dan GR2M karena lebihsederhana dibanding metode yang lainnya seperti NRECA, Mock dan Rainrun. Tank Modelmendiskripsikan daerah tangkapan air hujan dapat digantikan oleh tangki-tangki sesuai strukturtanahnya. Perhitungan Tank Model memerlukan minimal enam variabel untuk diiterasi. GR2Mdigunakan karena memiliki kemiripan dengan Tank Model dan hanya memiliki dua variabel untukdiiterasi. GR2M mendiskripsikan daerah tangkapan air hujan dengan tangki-tangki dari waktu ke waktu. Penelitian ini dilakukan di DAS Dengkeng, Klaten, Jawa Tengah dengan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian berupa analisis transformasi data hujan-debit dengan GR2M dan Tank Model untuk mengetahui rangkaian tangki Tank Model yang efektif dan mengetahui metode terbaik untuk transformasi hujan-debit di DAS Dengkeng. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transformasi hujandebit di DAS Dengkeng dengan metode Tank Model merupakan metode terbaik dibanding GR2M. susunan terbaik Tank Model adalah tiga tangki rangkaian seri dengan keandalan sebesar 72,2390 %. Sedangkan GR2M hanya menghasilkan keandalan sebesar 68,3959 %

6-[(2E)-3,7-Dimethyl­octa-2,6-dien-1-yl]-5,7-dihy­droxy-8-(2-methyl­butano­yl)-4-phenyl-2H-chromen-2-one–6-[(2E)-3,7-dimethyl­octa-2,6-dien-1-yl]-5,7-dihy­droxy-8-(3-methyl­butano­yl)-4-phenyl-2H-chromen-2-one (1/1) from Mesua elegans 1

The title co-crystal, C30H34O5·C30H34O5, comprises a 1:1 mixture of two mostly superimposed mol­ecules with the same chemical formula that differ in the nature of the substituent (2-methyl­butanoyl or 3-methyl­butano­yl) bound at the exocyclic ketone. The lactone ring is close to planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.058 Å) and the phenyl ring is twisted out of this plane [dihedral angle = 60.08 (9)°]. The geranyl substituent is almost normal to benzene ring to which it is connected [C—C—Car—Car (ar = aromatic) torsion angle = −87.8 (2)°]. Intra­molecular O—H⋯O and O—H⋯π inter­actions are formed. In the crystal, supra­molecular chains are formed along the a axis owing to C—H⋯O contacts, with the lactone carbonyl atom accepting two such bonds

Suppression of PGE2 production via disruption of MAPK phosphorylation by unsymmetrical dicarbonyl curcumin derivatives

Curcumin is an important molecule found in turmeric plants and has been reported to exhibit some profound anti-inflammatory activities by interacting with several important molecular targets found in the mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-κβ pathways. As part of our continuing effort to search for new anti-inflammatory agents with better in vitro and in vivo efficacies, we have synthesized a series of new unsymmetrical dicarbonyl curcumin derivatives and tested their effects on prostaglandin E2 secretion level in interferon-γ/lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophage cells. Among those, five compounds exhibited remarkable suppression on prostaglandin E2 production with IC50 values ranging from 0.87 to 18.41 µM. The most potent compound 17f was found to down-regulate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA suggesting that this series of compounds could possibly target the mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway. Whilst the compound did not affect the expression of the conventional mitogen-activated protein kinases, the results suggest that it could disrupt the phosphorylation and activation of the proteins particularly the c-Jun N-terminal kinases. Finally, the binding interactions were examined using the molecular docking and dynamics simulation approaches

Hydrological Drought Index Based on Discharge

Drought is a natural phenomenon causing disasters and its period of occurrence can be predicted in recent times based on several methods using the same or different variables. The prediction is usually associated with the climate interactions in the form of rainfall or discharge patterns which can be analyzed using the return period. Therefore, this research was conducted in four different stages of data acquisition and validation, drought analysis method based on the data, drought prediction method based on hydrology, and sample applications to determine the debit availability in other watersheds. Historical rainfall data converted to dependable rainfall at 80% probability were used as input for the rainfall-discharge analysis while the hydrological drought analysis was conducted using the drought threshold value. Moreover, the drought was predicted using an artificial neural network model while historical data were used to verify the hydrological character of the prediction model. The results of the analysis conducted were further used to predict the water balance in different river areas due to the fact that each area has a different hydrological character. Meanwhile, the watersheds used as case research showed that the model has reliability of up to 80%