Observations and Comments Pertaining to CAN/CSA-S136-M89

Contained in this paper are the results of two separate studies, namely, 1) partially stiffened compressive elements of both edge and single intermediate stiffened flanges and 2) deflection determination of multi-web deck profiles. Both of these studies were based on the Canadian cold formed steel design standard (CAN/CSA-S 136-M89), with the results also applicable to the AISI specification. In the case of partially stiffened compressive elements, discontinuities in effective width estimates for sections with similar flanges and stiffeners were observed, resulting from a sudden change in the behavioural states. Recommendations are presented to rectify this discontinuity and at the same time simplifying the analysis procedure. Regarding the second study, the some-what lengthy alternative approach in S136 for determining the effective width of multi-web profiles for deflection determination has been investigated. Recommendations are presented for a new approach which is consistent with the general unified effective width concept, i.e. the basic effective width expression is used with a variable plate buckling coefficient

Inserting professionals and professional organizations in studies of wrongdoing : the nature, antecedents and consequences of professional misconduct

Professional misconduct has become seemingly ubiquitous in recent decades. However, to date there has been little sustained effort to theorize the phenomenon of professional misconduct, how this relates to professional organizations, and how this may contribute to broader patterns of corruption and wrongdoing. In response to this gap, in this contribution we discuss the theoretical and empirical implications of analyses that focus on the nature, antecedents and consequences of professional misconduct. In particular, we discuss how the nature of professional misconduct can be quite variegated and nuanced, how boundaries between and within professions can be either too weak or too strong and lead to professional misconduct, and how the consequences of professional misconduct can be less straightforward than normally assumed. We also illuminate how some important questions about professional misconduct are still pending, including: how we define its different organizational forms; how it is instigated by the changing nature of professional boundaries; and how its consequences are responded to in professional organizations and society more widely

Changing practices: The specialised domestic violence court process

Specialised domestic violence courts, initially developed in the United States of America, have been recognised by other jurisdictions including Canada, Australia and the United Kingdom. This article presents a case study of K Court in Toronto, drawing upon documentary evidence, direct observations and interviews with key informants. It is argued that the specialised domestic violence court process includes changing practices of some of the key stakeholders. Learning lessons from abroad can offer jurisdictions insights that can steer implementation of appropriate practices in the field

A Pipeline Dent Assessment Model Considering Localised Effects

The Canadian Pipeline Design Standard (CSA Z662) [1] requires the repair of smooth dents with depths exceeding 6% of the pipeline’s outside diameter. This limit on dent depth is reduced in the presence of additional localised effects such as pipe wall gouges, corrosion or planar flaws. Furthermore, it has been observed that pipe wall metal loss, planar flaws and weld seam interaction with dents can significantly reduce the service life of a dented pipe segment. A previously developed pipeline dent assessment model, based on the actual dent profile and in-service pressure history applied to non-linear pipe finite element model with a fracture mechanics crack growth algorithm, has been used to explore the consequences of these localised effects. The effects of corrosion (uniform or local pitting), weld seams (including their weld toe stress concentration effects and residual stress fields), planar flaws (cracks) and gouges on the service life of a dent are reviewed in this investigation. The performance of the model is demonstrated based on its agreement with field observations. The dent assessment model application and validation processes has indicated that the model presented here can be reliably used to predict the service life of dented pipelines in the presence of various localised effects

Women solicitors as a barometer for problems within the legal profession: time to put values before profits?

This article considers the theoretical explanations for why women are not remaining within and progressing through the ranks of the solicitors' profession in England and Wales. It sets out the findings from a Law Society commissioned project to examine the reasons why women have had a break from practice or chosen to leave the profession. Finally, it considers whether one of the purported strategies used to empower women solicitors - the business case for equality of opportunity in the solicitors' profession - is actively working against women and the profession (more broadly), and that only a return to a wider values-based approach to professional identity will meet the criticisms raised by many of the women who participated in this research

Higher Law: Can Christian Conservatives Transform Law Through Legal Education?

The allure of law schools as transformative institutions in the United States prompted Christian Right leaders to invest in legal education in the 1990s and early 2000s. The aspiration was to control the training of lawyers in order to challenge the secular legal monopoly on law, policy, and culture. In this article, we examine three leading Christian conservative law schools and one training program dedicated to transforming the law. We ask how each institution seeks to realize its transformative mission and analyze how they organize themselves to produce the kinds of capital (human, intellectual, social, cultural) needed to effectively change the law. To do so, we develop a typology of legal institutionbuilding strategies (infiltration, supplemental, and parallel alternative) to compare the relative advantages and disadvantages of institutional forms. We conclude by discussing implications of our findings for those looking to law schools as sites of broader transformation within the law