An investigation of artificial pasture establishment under dryland conditions

This study was conducted to determine the suitable mixtures of perennial forage species for the stablishment of artificial pasture under dry conditions in Karapinar-Konya between 2004 and 2006. In this study, complex mixtures of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertner), tall wheatgrass (Agropyron elongatum (Host) Beauv.), intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium (Host) Beauv.), smooth brome (Bromus inermis Layss), sheep fescue (Festuca ovina L.), tall oatgrass (Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Presl.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa Lam.) and garden burnet (Poterium sanguisorba L.) were used. The experiment design was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications. The highest fresh forage yields were obtained from crested wheatgrass, garden burnet and alfalfa mixtures in 2005 and 2006 (1708.1 and 1763.6 kg ha-1, respectively) and the highest dry matter yield was obtained in 2006 (933.9 kg ha-1). The results showedthat mixtures of crested wheatgrass, garden burnet and alfalfa may be used to establish artificial pasture under dryland conditions in similar ecology of Karapýnar-Konya.Key words: Artificial pasture, dryland conditions, crested wheatgrass, garden burnet, alfalfa

Root Canal Anatomy of Maxillary and Mandibular Teeth

It is a common knowledge that a comprehensive understanding of the complexity of the internal anatomy of teeth is imperative to ensure successful root canal treatment. The significance of canal anatomy has been emphasized by studies demonstrating that variations in canal geometry before cleaning, shaping, and obturation procedures had a greater effect on the outcome than the techniques themselves. In recent years, significant technological advances for imaging teeth, such as CBCT and micro-CT, respectively, have been introduced. Their noninvasive nature allows to perform in vivo anatomical studies using large populations to address the influence of several variables such as ethnicity, aging, gender, and others, on the root canal anatomy, as well as to evaluate, quantitatively and/or qualitatively, specific and fine anatomical features of a tooth group. The purpose of this chapter is to summarize the morphological aspects of the root canal anatomy published in the literature of all groups of teeth and illustrate with three-dimensional images acquired from micro-CT technology.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Influence of antimicrobial solutions in the decontamination and adhesion of glass-fiber posts to root canals

AbstractObjective This study evaluated the effect of root canal disinfectants on the elimination of bacteria from the root canals, as well as their effect on glass-fiber posts bond strength.Material and Methods Fifty-three endodontically treated root canals had post spaces of 11 mm in length prepared and contaminated with E. faecalis. For CFU/ml analysis, eight teeth were contaminated for 1 h or 30 days (n=4). Teeth were decontaminated with 5% NaOCl, 2% CHX, or distilled water. As control, no decontamination was conducted. After decontamination, sterile paper points were used to collect samples, and CFU/ml were counted. For push-out, three groups were evaluated (n=15): irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl, 2% CHX, or sterile distilled water. A bonding agent was applied to root canal dentin, and a glass-fiber post was cemented with a dual-cured cement. After 24 h, 1-mm-thick slices of the middle portion of root canals were obtained and submitted to the push-out evaluation. Three specimens of each group were evaluated in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s T3 test (α=0.05).Results The number of CFU/ml increased from 1 h to 30 days of contamination in control and sterile distilled water groups. Decontamination with NaOCl was effective only when teeth were contaminated for 1 h. CHX was effective at both contamination times. NaOCl did not influence the bond strength (p>0.05). Higher values were observed with CHX (p<0.05). SEM showed formation of resin tags in all groups.Conclusion CHX showed better results for the irrigation of contaminated root canals both in reducing the bacterial contamination and in improving the glass-fiber post bonding

Administration of the Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil before ischemia or just after reperfusion, but not 30 min after reperfusion, protects the stunned myocardium in swine.

OBJECTIVES: We assessed the effect of administration time for fasudil treatment of the stunned myocardium in 40 anesthetized open chest swine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All swine were subjected to 12 min ischemia followed by reperfusion to generate stunned myocardium. Group A (n = 11) received saline in place of fasudil both before ischemia and after reperfusion. Group B (n = 10) received 30 min intravenous fasudil at a rate of 13 mug/kg/min starting 45 min before ischemia and received saline after reperfusion. Groups C (n = 10) and D (n = 9) received saline before ischemia, and received fasudil at a rate of 13 microg kg(-1) min(-1) starting just before reperfusion in group C and 30 min after reperfusion in group D. In both groups, treatment lasted 30 min. Myocardial contractility was assessed by percent segment shortening (%SS). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Three swine in group A, 2 swine in each of groups B and C, and one swine in group D had ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia after reperfusion and were excluded from further analysis. The changes of %SS from baseline at 90 min after reperfusion in groups B and C were 68 +/- 8% and 75 +/- 8%, respectively, which were significantly higher than in group A or D (47 +/- 10% or 43 +/- 8%). CONCLUSION: We conclude that fasudil administered before ischemia or just after reperfusion, but not 30 min after reperfusion, protects the stunned myocardium

Boiling heat transfer enhancement in mini/microtubes via polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate (pHEMA) coatings on inner microtube walls at high mass fluxes

In this experimental study, flow boiling in mini/microtubes was investigated with surface enhancements provided by polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate (pHEMA) coatings (of ~30 nm thickness) on inner microtube walls. Flow boiling heat transfer experiments were conducted on microtubes (with inner diameters of 249 µm, 507 µm and 998 µm) having inner surfaces with pHEMA coatings, which increases heat transfer surface area, enable liquid replenishment upon bubble departure, provide additional nucleation sites, and serve for extending Critical Heat Flux (CHF) and enhancing boiling heat transfer. De-ionized water was utilized as the working fluid in this study. pHEMA nanofilms of thickness ~30 nm on the microtube walls were coated through initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) technique. Experimental results obtained from coated microtubes were compared to their plain surface counterparts at two mass flux values (10,000 kg/m2s and 13,000 kg/m2s). In comparison to the plain surface microtubes, coated surfaces demonstrate an increase up to 24% and 109% in CHF and heat transfer coefficients, respectively. These promising results support the use of pHEMA coated microtubes/channels as a surface enhancement technique for microscale cooling applications